近三年VLBI观测的数据处理及分析

介绍了标准NGS数据格式与IVS(international VLBI service for geodesy and astrometry)网站公布的新格式之间的差异,将2005~2007年的VLBI数据进行了格式转换,利用由挪威大地测量研究所和澳大利亚地球科学研究所共同开发的OCCAM 6.2软件解算出大地测量参数(Xp,Yp,UT1-UTC、dψ,dε),并在解算过程中,将两种不同的UT1内插模型进行了对比,同时还将解算结果与IERS网站公布的数据进行了对比。     

VLBI和GPS观测联合解算地球自转参数和日长变化

利用GAMIT软件处理了2005年9月、2006年1月和2月每天17个IGS国际GNSS服务(International GNSS Service,IGS)站的GPS观测数据,获得了地球自转参数(Earth rotation parameter,ERP)和日长变化(ΔLOD),并与IGS综合解进行了对比。利用OCCAM 6.2软件处理了相同时间内的甚长基线干涉测量(very long baseline interferometry,VLBI)观测数据,将解算结果与国际VLBI服务(International VLBI Service,IVS)结果进行了对比。分别采用基于内符合精度和IERS 08C04序列的定权方法对VLBI解算结果与GPS解算结果进行了加权平均,获得了VLBI和GPS技术对ERP和ΔLOD的协议结果。研究结果表明,VLBI解算结果与采用的插值方法有较大的关系,基于IERS 08C04序列的加权平均方法达到了利用VLBI解算结果对GPS解算结果进行修正的目的。VLBI和GPS技术的联合弥补了VLBI观测数据密度不够和GPS解算结果不稳定的缺陷,使解算结果的稳定性和可靠性有所提高。     

流动VLBI数据采集系统及其控制软件的设计与使用

结合我国流动VLBI观测站的研制与建设，介绍流动VLBI观测站的数据采集系统及其系统控制软件MOFS，在整个VIBI观测期间，MOFS软件控制数据采集系统的自动运转，并具有对系统参数的监测功能，长期的使用表明，流动VLBI观测站的数据采集系统及其控制软件很好地满足了我国流动VLBI观测的要求。     

我国首次流动VLBI实验数据处理

用 OCCAM V3 .3软件包对我国首次流动 VLBI实验数据进行了处理 ,所采用的海潮模型考虑到我国近海潮资料 [1 ] ,计算结果显示 ,与作并置观测的 GPS结果相比符合得较好 ,最大坐标差不超过± 3 cm,基线长度差不超过± 1cm。     

VLBI技术CONT观测的高频ERP解算

国际VLBI测天测地服务机构(IVS)已组织了多次VLBI连续加密观测(CONT),提供了高精度连续的原始观测数据,在地球自转参数(ERP)的连续高频解算中起到积极的作用,揭示了地球自转高频变化的观测资料和理论模型之间的差异,有助于进一步解析其激发机制改进模型.这里使用VLBI资料处理软件系统OCCAM处理了CONT02,CONT05和CONT08数据,并进行ERP高频解算及频谱分析.从各次CONT观测的残差频谱中发现较强周期信号,反映了地球自转的特性.特别是CONT08残差频谱中存在明显的周日项信患,揭示了北半球夏季月份大气激发对地球自转的作用.     

Bernese GPS4.2版本数据处理软件的使用及常见错误分析

具体介绍了Bernese GPS4.2版本软件的使用情况，包括软件的安装、结构、主要操作步骤以及在使用该软件进行数据处理时经常出现的错误和解决方法。     

中国VLBI网测站参数解析

介绍了利用OCCAM软件处理中国VLBI网(CVN)4台站常规天体测量与大地测量观测资料的解算方案,包括参数设置、模型选取和数据编辑等。通过单次实验解算和联合平差,获得了ITRF2000下参考历元J2010.0时昆明和北京站cm级的站坐标及mm级每年的站速度。解算值相对于嫦娥一号工程期间采用值的推算值,坐标改正最大至51.9cm,速度改正最大至11.5mm·a-1。     

GAMIT在PC机上的安装和使用

GAMIT软件是世界上最优秀的定位和定轨软件之一,其解算长基线的相对精度能达到10-9,解算短基线的精度能优于1mm。详细阐述了GAMIT在PC机上的安装及使用步骤,希望给新学者提供参考。     

在PC机上运行GAMIT/GLOBK软件包

GAMIT／GLOBK（GPS AT MIT)是由麻省理工学院等机构研究开发设计在UNIX平台工作站上运行的一种用于GPS数据处理的软件，其在处理长基线和连续时段的静态定位GPS数据方面有很多的优点。一般是由客户机程登陆到工作站上进行解算，近期也推出了面向微机的版本。笔者在进行南极GPS数据处理的过程中，进行了GAMT／GLOBK在PC机上运行的实践，取得了成功。     

中国VLBI网软件相关处理机测地应用精度分析

为支持国际VLBI大地测量数据处理,中国VLBI网(CVN)软件相关处理机完成了功能、性能升级,提高了信噪比,实现了以国际测地通用Mk4格式数据输出结果,可以直接被VLBI通用测地后处理软件用于时延数据解算。本文通过与国外软件相关处理机DiFX的实测数据比对,系统地分析了CVN软件处理机带宽综合残余时延和时延率精度、带宽综合总时延和时延率精度、信噪比和VLBI站坐标解算值。数据显示,CVN软件相关处理机已经达到了测地数据处理的精度要求,可以用于IVS国际联测数据处理。     

The mobile VLBI campaigns in Norway (1989–1993)

Summary Since 1989 several mobile VLBI campaigns have been carried out in Europe with a total of 14 sites occupied. The Norwegian stations at Tromsø and Trysil are the only mobile VLBI stations in Europe observed in more than one epoch, so they have produced the most interesting data from these campaigns. Tromsø is the only station observed in the two summer campaigns (1989 and 1992), while Trysil has been the winter site for MV-2 since late 1991 until the spring of 1993. In this paper we describe the mobile VLBI campaigns in Norway including the observational work and the detailed geodetic analysis performed with OCCAM V3.3. We have also analyzed a series of GPS data sets from Tromsø in order to check the reliability of the VLBI results for that station. The results reveal the need for a very careful design of mobile VLBI experiments, in particular regarding the consistency of the network and of the observation schedules, and the special care that is required in the analysis of the mobile VLBI data in order to achieve significant conclusions.     

Centimeter repeatability of the VLBI estimates of European baselines

Summary In the last three years, the European Geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Network has grown to a total of six fixed antennas placed in Germany, Italy, Spain and Sweden, all equipped with the standard geodetic VLBI instrumentation and data recording systems. During this period of time, several experiments have been carried out using this interferometer providing data of very high quality due to the excellent sensitivity and performance of the European stations. The purpose of this paper is to study the consistency of the VLBI geodetic results on the European baselines with respect to the different degrees of freedom in the analysis procedure. In order to complete this study we have made use of both real and simulated data sets, two different software packages (OCCAM 3.0 and CALC 7.4/SOLVE) and a variety of strategies in the data analysis. The results we have obtained show that the repeatability of the VLBI estimates of the baseline lengths in the European network is better than one centimeter, independent of the different analysis methods, and is consistent with the formal error levels expected from the data analysis. This consistency should be enough to produce geophysically significant information in Europe from VLBI data within a relatively short time span.     

Effect of different tropospheric mapping functions on the TRF, CRF and position time-series estimated from VLBI

This paper compares estimated terrestrial reference frames (TRF) and celestial reference frames (CRF) as well as position time-series in terms of systematic differences, scale, annual signals and station position repeatabilities using four different tropospheric mapping functions (MF): The NMF (Niell Mapping Function) and the recently developed GMF (Global Mapping Function) consist of easy-to-handle stand-alone formulae, whereas the IMF (Isobaric Mapping Function) and the VMF1 (Vienna Mapping Function 1) are determined from numerical weather models. All computations were performed at the Deutsches Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut (DGFI) using the OCCAM 6.1 and DOGS-CS software packages for Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) data from 1984 until 2005. While it turned out that CRF estimates only slightly depend on the MF used, showing small systematic effects up to 0.025 mas, some station heights of the computed TRF change by up to 13 mm. The best agreement was achieved for the VMF1 and GMF results concerning the TRFs, and for the VMF1 and IMF results concerning scale variations and position time-series. The amplitudes of the annual periodical signals in the time-series of estimated heights differ by up to 5 mm. The best precision in terms of station height repeatability is found for the VMF1, which is 5–7% better than for the other MFs.     

Improved UT1 predictions through low-latency VLBI observations

The quality of predictions of Earth orientation parameters (EOPs) in general, and of Universal Time (UT1) in particular, depends strongly on the time delay between the last observation available and the first prediction. Since 30 September 2007 (MJD 54373), the latency of UT1 results from a subset of single baseline VLBI observations running once per week (Mondays) has been decreased from 2 to 3 days to about 8 h. This was achieved by transmitting the raw VLBI data of 1-h duration from the observing sites in Tsukuba (Japan), Wettzell (Germany) and Ny-Ålesund (Norway) to the correlator of the Max-Planck-Institute for Radio Astronomy and the German Federal Agency of Cartography and Geodesy at Bonn, Germany, by high-speed Internet connections (e-Transfer). The reduced latency of the observations has improved the accuracy of the combined International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) Rapid Service/Prediction Center (RS/PC) UT1-UTC solution by roughly 50% on the days when the data are available. Because this combination is an input to the UT1-UTC prediction process, the improved latency is also responsible for a roughly 21% improvement in the accuracy of short-term IERS RS/PC UT1-UTC predictions on the days where the data are available.     

Sensitivity of UT1 determined by single-baseline VLBI to atmospheric delay model, terrestrial and celestial reference frames

 At the present time, the daily VLBI observations on the Westford-Wettzell baseline is the only continually running VLBI project for studies of high-frequency Earth rotation variations. An analysis of this experiment with regard to the potential errors in the atmospheric delay model and in adopted celestial and terrestrial reference frames is presented in the paper. A new VLBI geometric delay model is applied and an algorithm for global adjustment for this specific single-baseline VLBI developed. The results over three years show discrepancies at the milliarcsecond level between the daily observations and the adopted atmospheric model as well as the combined celestial reference frame. A significant number of these discrepancies are removed by the global adjustment. Received: 19 August 1996; Accepted: 13 September 1996     

Geodetic VLBI correlation in software

Correlation algorithms for geodetic very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) can now be effectively implemented on parallel computers of modest size. We have undertaken a detailed comparison of the output from a trusted geodetic correlator, one that has supported global geodetic VLBI observations for many years, with the output of a software correlator implemented on a small parallel computing cluster. We show that the correlator outputs agree closely, within expected error bounds, after accounting for the differences in the adopted geometric delay models, and therefore that use of the software correlator is feasible for geodetic VLBI processing, as a first step toward routine geodetic data processing. Recent developments in software correlation for geodesy are discussed, including the possibility of real-time processing options.     

昆明站流动VLBI观测数据处理初步结果

对我国自行研制的流动VLBI首次长距离观测数据进行处理 ,得到了初步结果 ,并对流动VLBI今后的观测提出了一些建议。     

New VLBI2010 scheduling strategies and implications on the terrestrial reference frames

In connection with the work for the next generation VLBI2010 Global Observing System (VGOS) of the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry, a new scheduling package (Vie_Sched) has been developed at the Vienna University of Technology as a part of the Vienna VLBI Software. In addition to the classical station-based approach it is equipped with a new scheduling strategy based on the radio sources to be observed. We introduce different configurations of source-based scheduling options and investigate the implications on present and future VLBI2010 geodetic schedules. By comparison to existing VLBI schedules of the continuous campaign CONT11, we find that the source-based approach with two sources has a performance similar to the station-based approach in terms of number of observations, sky coverage, and geodetic parameters. For an artificial 16 station VLBI2010 network, the source-based approach with four sources provides an improved distribution of source observations on the celestial sphere. Monte Carlo simulations yield slightly better repeatabilities of station coordinates with the source-based approach with two sources or four sources than the classical strategy. The new VLBI scheduling software with its alternative scheduling strategy offers a promising option with respect to applications of the VGOS.     

Simulations of VLBI observations of a geodetic satellite providing co-location in space

We performed Monte Carlo simulations of very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of Earth-orbiting satellites incorporating co-located space-geodetic instruments in order to study how well the VLBI frame and the spacecraft frame can be tied using such measurements. We simulated observations of spacecraft by VLBI observations, time-of-flight (TOF) measurements using a time-encoded signal in the spacecraft transmission, similar in concept to precise point positioning, and differential VLBI (D-VLBI) observations using angularly nearby quasar calibrators to compare their relative performance. We used the proposed European Geodetic Reference Antenna in Space (E-GRASP) mission as an initial test case for our software. We found that the standard VLBI technique is limited, in part, by the present lack of knowledge of the absolute offset of VLBI time to Coordinated Universal Time at the level of microseconds. TOF measurements are better able to overcome this problem and provide frame ties with uncertainties in translation and scale nearly a factor of three smaller than those yielded from VLBI measurements. If the absolute time offset issue can be resolved by external means, the VLBI results can be significantly improved and can come close to providing 1 mm accuracy in the frame tie parameters. D-VLBI observations with optimum performance assumptions provide roughly a factor of two higher uncertainties for the E-GRASP orbit. We additionally simulated how station and spacecraft position offsets affect the frame tie performance.