高温高压实验弹性波速研究及其地球动力学意义

本文在收集，整理国内外有关高温高压实验岩石，矿物弹性波速研究资料的基础上，对高温高压实验弹性波速研究的目的，内容进行了概述，并对国内外这一领域研究的历史，现状及有关实验技术方法进行了综述，其中重点介绍了我国在高温高压岩石波速研究方面的进展及所取得的成就，并对高温高压弹性波速研究的地球动力学意义进行了讨论。     

我国高温高压实验研究进展和展望

阐述了高温高压实验研究的目的和意义，强调地球物质物理性质对解决大陆探部构造和地球物理学有关问题的作用．简要回顾50年来我国高温高压实验技术发展及其所取得的主要成果，并对发展我国高温高压实验研究提出建议和展望     

高温高压下矿物岩石电导率的实验研究进展

高温高压下矿物、岩石电性性质的实验研究是了解地球内部物质成分、演化过程及进行地球物理探测资料解释的有力工具.本文主要介绍了高温高压下电导率实验在如何保持良好绝缘性能,如何消除或减小极化效应及如何减小外界电信号对测量信号的干扰等方面的技术、方法,阐述了温度、压力、氧逸度、水含量以及熔体等因素对矿物、岩石电导率的影响以及一些主要的研究结果和进展情况,讨论了电性研究的地球物理和地质意义,并指出了尚需研究的不足之处.     

面向21世纪的地震地下流体科学问题与发展

对地下流体科学国内外最新研究动态和成果进行了介绍。并在此基础上指出：基于先进观测技术的可靠观测资料是提高地震地下流体理论研究水平的关键。最后分析了目前存在的主要问题,并相应地提出今后我国地震地下流体学科的发展方向：建设新一代地震地下流体科学观测台网;发展地震地下流体前兆观测台阵和深井观测;开展野外观测实验研究、室内高温高压实验研究和高精度大型数值模拟研究。     

冀北地壳深部岩石波速 V_p 的初步研究

在高温高压实验条件下,对岩石超声脉冲传输测速的研究,在国内外已经做了很多工作,资料甚丰。目前,Kern H(1982)和Lebedev E B(1990)等的实验温度达到了700℃和800℃,Mueller H J等(1988)已达到了1000℃,但总的数据不多。笔者改进了实验方法,实验温度达800℃以上,最高达到1040℃,模拟壳幔的温度条件更接近实际,通过实验作者获得了一批具有新的特征的波速数据,对中、下     

高温高压岩石三轴蠕变实验系统(固体传压介质)

本文介绍了一种用于高温高压岩石三轴蠕变实验的装置,并对其技术性能、实验精度、操作程序和可靠性等方面作了讨论.本文认为,这套实验系统为研究地壳高温高压条件下的岩石力学性质、流变性和地球动力学过程,提供了有力手段,使我们在探索地壳岩石变形规律中,能够考虑更多的因素.      

高温高压实验和硅酸盐地幔中的水

硅酸盐地幔中的水是影响地球的气候、宜居性、地球化学演化、地球物理学性质和地球动力学过程等的重要因素之一,也是近20年来国际地球科学研究中的热点和前沿方向.高温高压实验是了解硅酸盐地幔中水的种类、分布、储量和效应等的强有力手段.近年来通过高温高压实验,人们对硅酸盐地幔中水的多种物理、化学和动力学性质及其影响取得了一系列显赫进展,极大地丰富了人们对时间和空间尺度上地球水循环(尤其是深部地球水循环)的认识.本文就硅酸盐地幔中水的研究现状和一些主要认识进行简要评述(偏重于高温高压实验相关的成果),主要包括硅酸盐地幔中水的起源、含量和分布以及水对硅酸盐地幔一些物理-化学性质的影响等方面.     

3 GPa固体传压三轴流变仪实验方法介绍

介绍“3 GPa固体传压三轴流变仪”的结构、性能及其实验方法与用途,阐述在此设备上进行的关于深部(上地幔高温高压条件下)岩石流变特性的实验以及岩石蠕变.应力松驰现象的研究.     

高温高压下壳幔含水矿物电导率实验研究

含水矿物是地壳、地幔,尤其是俯冲带内的重要矿物.高温高压下壳幔含水矿物电导率实验研究是一个相对较新的研究方向.随着实验技术的不断进步,很多高压相含水硅酸岩矿物的电导率测定工作得以开展,在有效控制温度、压强和氧逸度等条件下,含水矿物的电导率实验数据可以对地球内部水的分布提供制约.本文介绍了已有的蛇纹石、滑石、水镁石、phase A、super hydrous phase B、phase D含水矿物在高温高压下的电导率实验研究,对各含水矿物电导率数据的有效性进行了分析,并重点介绍了电导率测试含水矿物脱水对全岩电导率的影响以及压强对含水矿物电导率的影响.在已有数据的基础上,对含水矿物的导电机制以及俯冲带的电结构进行了探讨.最后对今后的研究前景及潜在的研究领域进行了展望.     

盐用做高温高压实验传压介质一种新方法

固体传压高温高压岩石三轴实验中，固体传压介质是影响实验结果的重要因素，ＮａＣｌ介质以它流动性好，围压均匀等特点，八十年代以来越来越受到人们青睐。本文用ＮａＣｌ介质在〈３ＧＰａ固体传压三轴流变仪〉上进行了高温高压岩石流变特性的实验研究，并达到了较高的压力（〉２ＧＰａ）和温度（〉１２００℃）；本文同时利用ＮａＣｌ介质对样品装样方式及温度、压力等相关测定方面进行了研究。     

Comparative experimental study on several methods for measuring elastic wave velocities in rocks at high pressure

To measure elastic wave velocities in rocks at high temperature and high pressure is an important way to acquire the mechanics and thermodynamics data of rocks in the earth's interior and also a substantial approach to studying the structure and composition of materials there. In recent years, a rapid progress has been made in methodology pertaining to the measurements of elastic wave velocities in rocks at high temperature and high pressure with solids as the pressure-transfer media. However, no strict comparisons have been made of the elastic wave velocity data of rocks measured at high temperature and high pressure by various laboratories. In order to compare the experimental results from various laboratories, we have conducted a comparative experimental study on three measuring methods and made a strict comparison with the results obtained by using the transmission method with fluid as the pressure-transfer medium. Our experimental results have shown that the measurements obtained by the three methods are comparable in the pressure ranges of their application. The cubic sample pulse transmission method used by Kern is applicable to measuring elastic wave velocities in crustal rocks at lower temperature and lower pressure. The prism sample pulse reflection-transmission method has some advantages in pressure range, heating temperature and measuring precision. Although the measurements obtained under relatively low pressure conditions by the prism sample pulse transmission method are relatively low in precision, the samples are large in length and their assemblage is simple. So this method is suitable to the experiments that require large quantities of samples and higher pressures. Therefore, in practical application the latter two methods are usually recommended because their measurements can be mutually corrected and supplemented.     

地震-电离层扰动探测技术的研究进展

回顾了地震-电离层扰动机理的研究进展和主要的数据观测方法,总结了地震电磁卫星观测电离层扰动的应用发展情况以及基于卫星测量数据对异常辐射源定位的研究进展,介绍了无线电探测方法的实验情况和数据分析方法,为未来中国探测电离层扰动进行短临地震预测工作提出了建议.     

Beyond KTB - electrical conductivity of the deep continental crust

Great strides have been made in understanding the upper part of the crust by in-situ logging in, and laboratory experiments on core recovered from super-deep bore-holes such as the KTB. These boreholes do not extend into the lower crust, and can contribute little to the elucidation of mechanisms that produce the high electrical conductivities that are commonly observed therein by magneto-telluric (MT) methods. Laboratory studies at simulated lower crustal conditions of temperature, pressure and saturation, on electrolyte saturated rocks thought to have been derived from the lower crust, have not been possible up until now due to their experimental difficulty. It is necessary to subject electrolyte-saturated rock samples to independently controlled confining and pore-fluid pressure, which implies that the rock be sleeved in some impermeable but deformable material, that can withstand the very high temperatures required. Metals are the only materials capable of being used, but these cause great difficulties for cell sealing and conductivity measurement. In this paper we describe recent breakthroughs in experimental work, specifically the development of two new types of sophisticated metal/ceramic seal, and a conductivity measurement technique that enables the measurement of saturated rock conductivity in the presence of a highly conducting metallic sleeve. The advances in experimental technique have enabled us to obtain data on the electrical conductivity of brine saturated basic, acidic and graphite-bearing rocks at lower crustal temperatures and raised pressures. These data have facilitated the comparison of MT derived crustal electrical conductivity profiles with profiles obtained from laboratory experiments for the first time. Initial modelling shows a good agreement between laboratory derived and MT derived profiles only if the mid-crust is composed of amphibolite pervaded by aqueous fluids, and the lower crust is composed of granulite that is saturated with aqueous fluids and/or contains interconnected grain surface films of graphite. The experimental data are consistent with a three layer crust consisting of an aqueous fluid saturated acidic uppermost layer, above an aqueous fluid saturated amphibolite mid-crust, and a granulite lowermost crust, which may or may not be saturated with aqueous fluids, but if not, requires the presence of an additional conduction mechanism such as conduction through thin graphite films.     

Interpretation models and charts of production profiles in horizontal wells

Stratified flow is common for the gravity segregation and flow regimes are very complex because of borehole inclination, therefore, all the conventional production logging tools cannot be effectively applied in horizontal wells, thus significantly increasing the difficulties in log interpretation. In this paper, firstly, the overseas progress in updated integration tools for horizontal wells and production profile interpretation methods has been discussed in brief. Secondly, by means of theory study and experimental simulations, we have obtained the production profile interpretation model and experimental interpretation charts, which have been calibrated by the improved downhole technology and optimization methods. Finally, we have interpreted X-well with the production profile interpretation software designed by us, and it proves that the methods are useful for the production profile interpretation in horizontal wells.     

油田开发中后期持水率测井技术研究与展望

油田开发中后期油井水的含量上升,油田开发除单一的垂直井开采外,水平井、大斜度井开采技术应用逐渐增多,因此对持水率测井技术提出了新的挑战．针对这种情况,国内外先后研究了电磁法、电容法、电导法、光纤法等持水率测量方法．本文通过对这些方法物理基础的分析,阐述了目前研究进展情况．在此基础上探讨了适应油田开发中后期复杂条件下持水率仪研究的发展方向．     

地下地质灾害地球物理探测研究进展

介绍了地下地质灾害地球物理探测方法的基本原理及其研究进展,指出目前常用方法的基本思路及其在实际应用中存在的主要问题,针对观测方法、观测系统、正反演模拟和室内试验研究等方面提出了大胆的构想和新的思路。     

Interpretation models and charts of production profiles in horizontal wells

Stratified flow is common for the gravity segregation and flow regimes are very complex because of borehole inclination, therefore, all the conventional production logging tools cannot be effectively applied in horizontal wells, thus significantly increasing the difficulties in log interpretation. In this paper, firstly, the overseas progress in updated integration tools for horizontal wells and production profile interpretation methods has been discussed in brief. Secondly, by means of theory study and experimental simulations, we have obtained the production profile interpretation model and experimental interpretation charts, which have been calibrated by the improved downhole technology and optimization methods. Finally, we have interpreted X-well with the production profile interpretation software designed by us, and it proves that the methods are useful for the production profile interpretation in horizontal wells.

     

实验室声发射实验数据服务系统的构建

在岩石变形声发射研究中,为了更好地探究声发射的物理特征,需要不断发展声发射数据的采集和处理技术。地震动力学国家重点实验室的声发射观测系统的记录能力在成倍提升,实验中产生的数据量也大幅增加,这对声发射数据存储、处理和系统地开展岩石变形声发射实验提出了挑战。针对用户的不同需求,文中构建的基于网络的实验室声发射实验数据服务系统不仅实现了数据积累,还实现了数据处理方法的积累和共享。加之与设备无关的声发射数据访问接口的实现,降低了数据访问与处理的门槛,提高了数据的使用率和处理效率。该系统能够满足科研和程序开发用户的需要,能够减少现有工作模式中存在的弊端,可以将其解决方案推广,应用于其它实验数据,提高科研工作效率     

水中亚硝酸根检测标准方法比较及其研究进展

对水中亚硝酸根检测的标准方法进行了比较,从方法原理、适用水质、检测范围、检出限、干扰因素、精密度和准确度等方面总结了各方法的特点,综述了最近三年亚硝酸根测定方法的研究进展。     

P.ecent progress in studies of experimental rock mechanics and tectonophysics in China

This paper reviews the recent progress in the studies of experimental rock mechanics and tectonophysics concern-ing seismology and physics of the Earth‘s interior in China. The progress is presented in the following aspects: a) A lot of results of experiment and numerical simulation enrich our knowledge of the brittle fracturing process under the condition with heterogeneity in material and structure; b) Some new results on frictional behavior of non-homogeneous faults reveal the complexity of faulting behavior; c) Some new results on the brittle-plastic tran-sition and plastic flow are obtained; especially the important progress is obtained on theological properties of rocks in the lower crust and the upper mantle; d) A lot of experimental results are obtained on rock physics at high tem-perature and pressure and have been used in study of material composition and state. These results provide useful information for understanding the physical properties and deformation mechanisms of material of the Earth‘s inte-rior and earthquake physics.