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1.
工业化过程的差异对太湖流域水环境质量的影响--以无锡市和湖州市为例 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过对太湖流域处于工业化不同发展阶段的两个城市进行对比,揭示了工业化与工业废水排放之间的关系.分析表明:工业化发展阶段不同,所对应的经济规模和产业结构不同,导致其工业废水排放量与水环境质量不同.目前,无锡市处于工业化的中后期阶段,虽然其工业废水排放水平随人均收入增加在逐渐减少,但是无锡市的水环境污染状况依然严重;湖州市处于工业化加速上升阶段,虽然其工业废水排放水平随人均收入的增加而逐步增加,但是湖州市水环境污染相对较轻.这是因为水环境质量不仅受工业污染源的影响,还受生活污染和农业面源污染的影响,同时还受当地水环境容量的制约. 相似文献
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Land use change has a significant effect on water balance, especially in arid region, such as Northwest China. In this paper, we analyze the effect of land use change on water balance in terms of the amount of water supply and demand from economic perspective. It's the first time to extend the basic 48 sectors input-output table to include water and land accounts that involved into multiple production processes for Zhangye city. We then perform the improved ORANI-G model, a single region Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, to analyze the effect of land use change on water balance under three scenarios. Subsequently, scenario-based simulation results are interpreted through selected sectors from agricultural, industrial, and service sectors respectively. Finally, the effect of land use change on water balance is analyzed through the difference between business-as-usual and land use unchanged scenarios. The results show that the extent of effect on water balance is different among sectors. Specifically, from the perspective of absolute value, service sectors are the largest, followed by industrial sectors, and the agricultural sectors are the least. Conversely, in terms of percentage change of land use, the largest extent of effect occurs in agricultural sectors. Additionally, with the rapid urbanization and the development of social economy, water balance in industrial sectors and service sectors will be stricken and reconstructed to a new high level. Simulation results also show that agricultural land shrinking will mitigate water scarcity distinctly, which indicates that balance the relationship among different stakeholders is imperative to guarantee water transformation from agricultural sectors to industrial and service sectors. 相似文献
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Located in Liaoning Province, one of the traditional heavy industrial areas in China, Dahuofang Reservoir provides drinking water for nearly 30 000 000 citizens, as well as industrial and agricultural water for dozens of several cities and rural areas. The distribution of hazardous heavy metals is described in several types of soil, crops, and in different industrial or mining areas and main sewage irrigation areas. Five possible reasons that may cause the pollution are analyzed and listed. Also we provide some pragmatic suggestions for the remediation of heavy metals in contaminated soils. 相似文献
4.
多源水联合调度重构滇池流域健康水循环模式 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
河湖生态用水被挤占并严重短缺是滇池水污染严重和恶化趋势难以遏制的根本原因之一.在对滇池流域"自然人工"二元水循环结构剖析的基础上,结合滇池治理"六大工程"实施现状及存在问题,以水资源的高效配置和循环利用为核心,提出了重构滇池流域健康水循环的总体框架.在水资源模拟系统MIKE BASIN平台上,通过水力联系将环湖截污、外流域调水与节水、入湖河道整治、农业农村面源治理、生态修复、生态清淤等整合为一个有机整体,以恢复流域自然水系循环为目标,将外流域引调水与本区水库水、滇池水、地下水、城市再生水等多源水资源进行水量和水质统一配置,得到滇池流域水资源总体配置方案.结果表明:在牛栏江向滇池年均补水5.72亿m3的前提下,昆明城市尾水可以全部直接外排至下游作为工业用水,削减滇池入湖污染负荷,从而加速滇池生态环境修复的进程. 相似文献
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Historically, there has been a dispute over water allocation between users and policymakers in Iran's Zayandeh-Roud Basin (ZRB). In this study, we used the “System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water” (SEEAW) framework in combination with the hydrologic model “Soil and Water Assessment Tool” (SWAT) to achieve the water balance in ZRB. We used SEEAW to combine a wide range of water-related statistics across stakeholders and SWAT to evaluate the unknown agricultural water use. The SWAT model is calibrated based on the stream flows and crop yields in the basin. The model assess the renewable water of the basin into two components, about 363 and 70 mm as green and blue water, respectively. Also results from the physical water supply and water use tables demonstrates that the agricultural sector uses 78% of the total renewable freshwater, followed by the residential, 16%, and the industrial sector, 6%. The flows of water from source to services in ZRB are traced based on the water supply and water use tables. The flow diagram shows that 8 MCM of industrial reused water was transferred to the agricultural sector, and 137 MCM and 18 MCM of water from the wastewater treatment plants to the agricultural and industrial sectors, respectively. Furthermore, the results show that the index of the basin dependence on groundwater resources is high (61%), the value of water stress is high (0.88) and the dependence of the basin on transboundary water resources is 30%. Therefore, this method is highly beneficial for achieving a conceptual water balance in disputed basins without enough agricultural water uses data. 相似文献
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The dynamic industrial development during the past decade has brought about a rapid increase in the quantity of industrial waste products discharged into a watercourse. Most of them consist of organic and inorganic matter. Among the various types of organic pollutants entering a water stream, solvents have recently come to the forefront. Organic solvents in general, and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) in particular, are widely used in many industrial processes. It follows that NMP becomes increasingly frequent in wastewater discharges. 相似文献
7.
《Water Policy》2000,1(6):567-586
The competition for limited water resources between agriculture and more highly valued domestic and industrial water uses is rapidly increasing and will likely require the transfer of water out of agriculture. This paper reviews and synthesizes the available evidence of the effects of water transfers from agricultural to urban and industrial areas on local and regional rural economies; and analyzes the possible impacts of a large reallocation on global food supply and demand. It concludes with a discussion of the potential for water policy reform and demand management to minimize adverse impacts when water is reallocated from agriculture. It is argued that comprehensive reforms are required to mitigate the potentially adverse impacts of water transfers for local communities and to sustain crop yield and output growth to meet rising food demands at the global level. Key policy reforms include the establishment of secure water rights to users; the decentralization and privatization of water management functions to appropriate levels; the use of incentives including pricing reform, especially in urban contexts, and markets in tradable property rights; and the introduction of appropriate water-saving technologies. 相似文献
8.
A method is proposed for multicriteria performance assessment of water supply and disposal systems. Approaches are proposed for improving the utilization efficiency of water resources in plants processing hydrocarbon materials based on the potential of main-production technological processes and in-plant systems of heat and water supply, as well as industrial waste utilization. Engineering solutions are given for involving regenerated wastewater in the production cycle and reducing water consumption from external natural sources, and their system efficiency is evaluated. 相似文献
9.
太浦河是太湖流域重要跨省界河流,沿岸区域污染源众多,下游分布重要水源地,存在突发水污染潜在风险,迫切需要开展区域污染源潜在风险评估,为突发水污染事件的风险防控提供科学依据.本研究通过太浦河周边区域的污染源调研,明确污染源的空间分布与污染源强,确定评估区域的主要污染物(化学需氧量、氨氮、锑、重金属铬、油品、危险化学品),综合考虑污染源、河流水文、沿岸社会经济等因素,筛选突发水污染潜在风险评估指标,构建评估指标体系,评估突发水污染事件的综合风险,识别太浦河周边区域的主要突发水污染潜在风险源.研究结果表明:太浦河周边区域的高突发水污染风险区呈现片状或斑块状分布,主要包括大型污水处理厂区域、大型工业企业区域、加油站和危险化学品仓库集中分布区、太浦河沿岸工业企业区域、水源地周边工业企业区域,总面积为22 km2,占太浦河污染源风险评估范围总面积的1.4%,是突发水污染事件防控的重点区域. 相似文献
10.
Ronnie McConnell Davis Patricia Irene Flores 《Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation》1992,12(2):116-119
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania relies heavily upon its ground water resources for drinking water. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region III, is responsible for regulating the discharge of waste to the subsurface through injection wells within Pennsylvania. To facilitate identification of industrial facilities unregulated by EPA that may be contaminating ground water through industrial water and waste water discharge wells, a screening procedure was devised utilizing a Geographic Information System (GIS). This procedure involved cross-referencing locations of industrial sites to maps of municipal sewer systems. The effectiveness of this GIS screening procedure was investigated in seven counties in southeastern Pennsylvania. Facilities identified by the procedure were inspected for possible violations of Underground Injection Control (UIC) program regulations. As a result of these inspections, many facilities were found to be illegally discharging waste into ground water. In addition, other EPA program violations were identified. The project demonstrated that the GIS screening procedure can be an effective tool to locate sources of pollution of ground water. 相似文献
11.
D. B. Denisov 《Water Resources》2007,34(6):682-692
Paleoecological studies of small water bodies were carried out in a model subarctic lake-river system. The degree of transformations of aquatic ecosystems under a set of anthropogenic factors is shown to vary depending on the load and individual features of water bodies. Data on the state of aquatic ecosystems before the industrial development of the region are collected. The species composition of diatom algae and their ecological characteristics are examined. 相似文献
12.
Water Resources - The Eskisehir province is well-known due to its industrial and agricultural activities, which are a threat for the aquatic environment. Hence, monitoring of water quality in the... 相似文献
13.
Optimization of the industrial structure facing sustainable development in resource-based city subjected to water resources under uncertainty 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
J. J. Gu P. Guo G. H. Huang N. Shen 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2013,27(3):659-673
An inexact stochastic fuzzy programming (ISFP) approach has been developed for the optimization of the industrial structure in resource-based city subjected to water resources under uncertainty in present study. The ISFP method incorporates the techniques of inexact stochastic programming and inexact fuzzy chance-constrained programming, where the uncertainties are expressed as interval, fuzzy sets, and probability distribution, respectively. Moreover, it can also examine the risk of violating fuzzy tolerance constraints. The developed method is subsequently employed in a realistic case for industrial development in the Jinchang city, Gansu province, China. The result can help to analyze whether the water resources carrying capacity of Jinchang can meet the need of local economic development plan under uncertainty and help decision maker to optimize the industry structure under water resource constraints to meet the maximum economic efficiency. 相似文献
14.
《Marine pollution bulletin》2014,78(1-2):118-129
There is a growing concern of seawater intrusion to freshwater aquifers due to groundwater overexploitation in the eastern coastal belt of Southern India. The problem becomes complex in the regions where industrial effluents are also contaminating the freshwater aquifers. In order to understand the hydrochemical complexity of the system, topographic elevation, static water level measurements, major ion chemistry, ionic cross plots, water type contours and factor analysis were applied for 144 groundwater samples of shallow and deep sources from Quaternary and Tertiary coastal aquifers, located within the industrial zone of 25 km2 area near Cuddalore, Southern India. The ionic cross plots indicates dissolution of halite minerals from marine sources and seawater mixing into inland aquifers up to the level of 9.3%. The factor analysis explains three significant factors totaling 86.3% of cumulative sample variance which includes varying contribution from marine, industrial effluent and freshwater sources. 相似文献
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为了确定百花水库营养盐变化特征,选取百花水库5个监测点2014年1月-2018年7月共28个月份的水质实测数据,分析溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总磷和总氮的年际变化特征.采用基于熵权法赋权的贝叶斯理论对5个监测点的水质综合状况进行评价,并结合水库的实际状况,从生态修复、工业污染源、沉积物中营养盐、水库季节性热分层及农业与生活污染源5个方面对其水质变化的影响因素进行分析.结果表明:2014-2018年水体环境波动较大;除总氮外,各污染指标浓度均有不同程度的下降;综合水质后验概率表明百花水库水质有逐渐变差的趋势;总氮和总磷治理应成为百花水库污染治理的主要方面;生态修复工程的开展和工业污染源的削减是百花水库水质转好的主要影响因素,农业与生活污染源的增加是百花水库水质转差的主要影响因素. 相似文献
18.
Lepikhin A. P. Voznyak A. A. Lyubimova T. P. Parshakova Ya. N. Lyakhin Yu. S. Bogomolov S. V. 《Water Resources》2020,47(5):744-750
Water Resources - The issues of formation and assessment of diffuse pollution of water objects in the zones near large mining and chemical industrial complexes are discussed. The study object is... 相似文献
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A description of how metal pollution occurs in the Tinto-Odiel rias (Huelva-Spain) through the application of cluster analysis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In the last few decades, the study of space-time distribution and variations of heavy metals in estuaries has been extensively studied as an environmental indicator. In the case described here, the combination of acid water from mines, industrial effluents and sea water plays a determining role in the evolutionary process of the chemical makeup of the water in the estuary of the Tinto and Odiel Rivers, located in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula.Based on the statistical treatment of the data from the analysis of the water samples from this system, which has been affected by processes of industrial and mining pollution, the 16 variables analyzed can be grouped into two large families. Each family presents high, positive Pearson r values that suggest common origins (fluvial or sea) for the pollutants present in the water analyzed and allow their subsequent contrast through cluster analysis. 相似文献