大别—胶南造山带温泉中天然气地球化学特征

大别－胶南造山带温泉气中的ＣＯ２含量较低（多数在１．００％以上）,δ＾１３Ｃ变化范围为－２０．３４‰至－３．０‰,主要为源于地壳浅层的有机成因气。整个造山带各温泉气体成分均以Ｎ２为主（９０％左右）,其来源除大气Ｎ２以外,可能为地壳岩石释放或地层中有机体演休形成。稀有气体同位素组成表明,Ａｒ主要来源于大气,Ｈｅ为壳内岩石放射成因。本区温泉气体地球化学特征可能与现今中国东部的构造应力场有关,即大别－胶     

郯庐断裂带肥东韧性剪切带的变形规律同位素年龄及其构造意义

郯庐断裂带肥东韧性剪切带的几何学形态为一正花状左行平移断裂带，目前出露的为该韧性剪切带的根部，具有典型的深层次左行走滑变形特征，肥东韧性剪切带中糜棱岩，超糜棱岩测得的^40Ar/^39Ar全岩年龄分别为120.48Ma和118.75Ma，说明郯庐断裂带的大规模左行平移时代为早白垩世，对该带构造变形和构造叠加的研究表明，肥东浮槎山一带是被郯庐断裂带截切，牵引，叠加，改造的印支期大别一胶南造山带的残块，郯庐断裂带与大别-胶南造山带是不同时期，不同构造系统的产物，前者属于滨太平洋构造系统，后者属于特提斯构造系统。     

郯庐断裂温泉水氧和氢同位素与断裂关系探讨

郯庐断裂带呈北北东—北东向纵贯东北、华北、华中三大地洼区。从地壳发展史及现阶段大地构造性质看,它是在地洼阶段继承历代大地构造发展阶段的构造,进一步发展而成的一条大陆型裂谷带。沿郯庐断裂又有许多次生的断裂,断裂附近有许多温泉,这些温泉有规律地排列在主断裂两侧,与主要构造线相一致,温泉一般出露在构造破碎带上,并覆盖有厚约10m左右的第四纪沉积物。为了探讨温泉水的补给源,笔者沿郯庐断裂北段的安徽、山东、辽宁采集了一些温泉水样品分析了氧和氢同位素组成(表1)。从表1可看出,δ~(18)O值-8.13‰～10.94‰,δD值-55.6‰～-76.98‰,前者的变化范围在±1‰,δD值的变化范围仅±10‰。为了进一步说明温泉水的补给源,笔者同时对该地区的井水作了氧和氢同位素分析(表2)。     

生物成矿和热水成矿中碳来源的同位素示踪

应用修改的Scotchmanδ^13C-δ^18O图解,可以区分沉积盆地中4种不同来源的碳。它们是：海洋碳酸盐岩中的碳、生物碳、热解非生物碳和热卤水流体中的碳（主要来自地壳深部）。以生物碳来源为主的碳酸盐岩是埋藏于低古地温条件下沉积－成岩阶段中有机物质分散的产物,多数以δ^13C＜－8‰和δ^18C值＞－6‰为特征。热水成矿作用形成的碳酸盐岩以δ^13C值－2‰－－8‰和δ^18C＜－7‰为特征,碳主要为地壳深部的非生物成因碳,且可能由沉积物变质释放出CO2沉积而成,也可能来自上地幔流体的去气作用。     

安徽沙溪含铜斑岩^40Ar—^39Ar定年及其地质意义

据＾４０Ａｒ－＾３９Ａｒ测年，确定安徽沙溪含铜（金）斑岩体为早白垩世岩浆活动产物。Ｓｒ，Ｎｄ同位素数据及岩石化学资料显示，该岩体的成因与邻区侵入岩体存在明显差异，它可能是受郯庐断裂活动所控制。这说明斑岩型铜（金）矿化可能主要沿郯庐断裂带及其分支断裂发育。今后找矿应沿郯庐断裂带及其分支断裂进行。     

松南长岭断陷无机气成因类型及分布特征

对长岭断陷 CO2气地化分析表明,松南气田多数井的δ^13 Cco2值均大于-8×10^-3,均为无机成因,而东岭气田部分井的δ^13 Cco2值均小于-10×10^-3,属于有机成因。其中无机成因 CO2气体中 R/Ra 值均大于1,表明其无机成因 CO2都属于岩浆幔源成因。对长岭断陷地区钻井气测含量资料综合分析表明,无机成因 CO2气的平面展布特征可划分为：高含 CO2气区（＞90％）,位于中部及东北部,表现有 NNE-NE 向展布的趋势;中高含 CO2气区（70％-90％）,主要位于乾安次凹南部,总体表现为 NNW-近 SN 向展布;中低含 CO2气区（20％-50％）,主要分布于2个地区。红岗地区,以 NNE 向为主。腰英台-达尔罕地区,以近 SN 向为主;南部的低含 CO2气区。垂向上长岭断陷南北2个次凹中的 CO2产出层位显著不同。北部次凹内的产出层位较高,主要以泉头组及其上的青山口组为主。南部的无机 CO2气产出层位以断陷期营城组火山岩为主,少量为登娄库组。     

郯庐断裂带起源与大陆斜向汇聚

郯庐断裂带起源于华北克拉通与扬子板块的汇聚过程中已被多数学者所认同。该断裂带的起源机制，涉及到这两个大陆板块的汇聚方式。可是，对于这一重要问题却长期存在着不同的认识。本文依据郯庐断裂带内部及其两侧前陆上构造与年代学研究成果，综合分析该断裂带的起源机制。郯庐断裂带内部残留的起源期构造为左行走滑韧性剪切带，所获得的白云母40Ar/39Ar同位素年龄为239~217 Ma。华北克拉通边缘的徐淮弧形逆冲-推覆构造，及九江地区扬子板块上的弧形褶皱带，分别为苏鲁造山带、大别造山带点碰撞的产物。郯庐断裂带西侧的华北克拉通边缘，在汇聚过程中呈现为刚性陆块的特征，没有出现大规模的牵引弯曲现象。而东侧的扬子板块前陆构造，在汇聚过程中却明显出现了大规模的牵引弯曲现象。断裂带东侧的张八岭隆起北段，出露了扬子板块上中地壳韧性拆离带，其中所获得的白云母40Ar/39Ar同位素年龄为245~218 Ma，其滑动方向受控于郯庐断裂带起源期的左行走滑运动。这一系列构造与年代学信息，表明郯庐断裂带起源于华北克拉通与扬子板块的汇聚过程中，代表了这两个大陆的斜向汇聚边界。该断裂带起源期的活动时限，与大别、苏鲁造山带内大陆深俯冲时间相吻合。在大别造山带北部的华北克拉通，原始应存在着向南的突出体(嵌入体)，从而导致嵌入式碰撞与嵌入体边界的大陆斜向汇聚(起源期郯庐断裂带)，符合嵌入式碰撞导致板片撕裂模式。     

郯庐断裂带的分段性研究

本文从航磁、重力以及地学断面等地球物理资料入手,对郯庐断裂（即郯城—庐江断裂）带地球物理场和深部构造特征进行了分析;在总结前人研究成果的基础上,探讨了郯庐断裂带的各段的运动学性质,并对郯庐分段差异性的成因地球动力学过程进行了探讨。研究表明郯庐断裂带各段的地球物理场和深部构造特征及演化过程都存在着显著的差异。华南与华北板块的碰撞造山过程主要影响郯庐断裂带中南段的活动,而西太平洋俯冲的弧后扩张作用及由此产生的地幔底辟则是沈阳—渤海段活动的主控因素。中国东部中生代以来多期地质事件造成区域构造动力多次改变,使郯庐断裂带经历了多期的构造体制转换,并造成了各段活动特征的巨大差异性。     

郯庐断裂带南段并无巨大平移—来自安徽境内的证据

本文根据新近1：5万地质填图和构造调查所获资料，依据郯庐断裂带两侧标志地质体（西冷岩组火山岩，宿松岩群和肥东岩群中磷矿层，大别岩群和阚集岩群）的构造型式和错位情况，拉伸线理的性质和动向，以及郯庐断裂带两侧的次级断裂带特征等，都不能判定郯庐断裂带存在巨大左行平移，故认为大别－苏鲁造山带呈弧形展布，基本代表了原始构造方位，郯庐断裂带是多期构造变动形成的负向构造带，综合造就的一种假位错效应。     

赣南横径地区碳酸温泉CO2成因研究

本文在分析横径温泉区4个气样的气体组分、氦同位素以及CO2和CH4的碳同位素基础上,结合温泉区地质条件,研究了该区碳酸温泉中CO2的成因。研究结果表明:横径温泉区温泉气中CO2的含量很高(>96%),CO2气体中1δ3C较重(-5.53‰~-4.43‰),属于与深大断裂活动有关的深部幔源无机成因气;温泉气中CH4的含量很低(<1.86%),CH4气体中1δ3C较轻(-27.69‰~-59.31‰),其中39、和11号温泉气体中的CH4属于深部幔源无机CH4和源于地表生物成因CH4的混合,而2号温泉气体中的CH4属于深部幔源无机CH4。     

Multiple isotope composition (S, Pb, H, O, He, and Ar) and genetic implications for gold deposits in the Jiapigou gold belt, Northeast China

The Jiapigou gold belt (>150 t Au), one of the most important gold-producing districts in China, is located at the northeastern margin of the North China Craton. It is composed of 17 gold deposits with an average grade around 10 g/t Au. The deposits are hosted in Archean gneiss and TTG rocks, and are all in shear zones or fractures of varying orientations and magnitudes. The δ³⁴S values of sulfide from ores are mainly between 2.7?‰ and 10?‰. The Pb isotope characteristics of ore sulfides are different from those of the Archean metamorphic rocks and Mesozoic granites and dikes, and indicate that they have different lead sources. The sulfur and lead isotope compositions imply that the ore-forming materials might originate from multiple, mainly deep sources. Fluid inclusions in pyrite have ³He/⁴He ratios of 0.6 to 2.5 Ra, whereas their ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ratios range from 1,444 to 9,805, indicating a dominantly mantle fluid with a negligible crustal component. δ¹⁸O values calculated from hydrothermal quartz are between ?0.2?‰ and +5.9?‰, and δD values of the fluids in the fluid inclusions in quartz are from ?70?‰ to ?96?‰. These ranges suggest dominantly magmatic water with a minor meteoric component. The noble gas isotopic data, along with the stable isotopic data, suggest that the ore-forming fluids have a dominantly mantle source with minor crustal addition.     

Origin of Paleofluids in Dabashan Foreland Thrust Belt:Geochemical Evidence of 13C,18O and 87Sr/86Sr in Veins and Host Rocks

In the last ten years, with important discoveries from oil and gas exploration in the Dabashan foreland depression belt in the borderland between Shanxi and Sichuan provinces, the relationship between the formation and evolution of, and hydrocarbon accumulation in, this foreland thrust belt from the viewpoint of basin and oil and gas exploration has been studied. At the same time, there has been little research on the origin of fluids within the belt. Based on geochemical system analysis including Z values denoting salinity and research on δ13C, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr isotopes in the host rocks and veins, the origin of paleofluids in the foreland thrust belt is considered. There are four principal kinds of paleofluid, including deep mantle-derived, sedimentary, mixed and meteoric. For the deep mantle-derived fluid, the δ13C is generally less than ?5.0‰PDB, δ18O less than -10.0‰PDB, Z value less than 110 and 87Sr/86Sr less than 0.70600; the sedimentary fluid is mainly marine carbonate-derived, with the δ13C generally more than ?2.0‰PDB, δ18O less than ?10.0‰PDB, Z value more than 120 and 87Sr/86Sr ranging from 0.70800 to 0.71000; the mixed fluid consists mainly of marine carbonate fluid (including possibly a little mantle-derived fluid or meteoric water), with the δ13C generally ranging from ?2.0‰ to ?8.0‰PDB, δ18O from ?10.0‰ to ?18.0‰ PDB, Z value from 105 to 120 and 87Sr/86Sr from 0.70800 to 0.71000; the atmospheric fluid consists mainly of meteoric water, with the δ13C generally ranging from 0.0‰ to ?10.0‰PDB, δ18O less than ?8.0‰PDB, Z value less than 110 and 87Sr/86Sr more than 0.71000. The Chengkou fault belt encompasses the most complex origins, including all four types of paleofluid; the Zhenba and Pingba fault belts and stable areas contain a simple paleofluid mainly of sedimentary type; the Jimingsi fault belt contains mainly sedimentary and mixed fluids, both consisting of sedimentary fluid and meteoric water. Jurassic rocks of the foreland depression belt contain mainly meteoric fluid.     

祁连山冻土区天然气水合物分解气碳氢同位素组成特征

开展祁连山冻土区天然气水合物气体同位素研究,是解决其气体成因、来源等科学问题的一个重要手段。本研究采集祁连山南麓多年冻土区水合物科学钻探DK2和DK3孔共8个含水合物的岩芯样品,采用真空顶空法收集样品中水合物的分解气,分别用气相色谱(GC)、气相色谱同位素比值质谱(GC-IRMS)测定其气体成分和同位素组成,测试结果表明:祁连山冻土区天然气水合物样品的气体碳氢同位素变化较大,甲烷、乙烷和丙烷的碳同位素(δ13C)变化范围分别为-52.6‰～-48.1‰、-38.6‰～-30.7‰和-34.7‰～-21.2‰,而二氧化碳的碳同位素(δ13C)最低为-27.9‰,最高为16.7‰;甲烷、乙烷和丙烷的氢同位素(δD)变化范围分别为-285‰～-227‰、-276‰～-236‰和-247‰～-198‰。通过对这些碳氢同位素进行综合研究,包括气体分子组成与同位素的关系分析、甲烷的碳氢同位素之间的关系判断等,结果表明研究区天然气水合物的气体主要来源于热解气,而且是在淡水环境中形成的有机成因气。     

Helium,Argon and Carbon Isotopic Compositions of Spring Gases in the Hainan Island,China

Chemical and isotopic compositions have been measured for N2-He-rich bubbling gases discharging from hot springs in the Hainan Island, Southern China. Observed 3He/4He ratios (0.1–1.3 RA) indicate the occurrence of a mantle component throughout the island, which has been highly diluted by a crustal radiogenic 4He component. The occurrence of mantle-derived helium is high in the northern island (12%–16% of total He) and gradually decreases towards southern coast (1%–3% of total He). Such a distribution pattern is most likely controlled by the Pleocene-Quaternary volcanic activities in the northern island and groundwater circulation along the deep major faults. The 40Ar/36Ar and N2/Ar ratios suggest that N2 and Ar of the hot spring gases are mostly meteoric. Although δ13C values of CO2 (–20‰ to –27‰) with low concentrations are consistent with the biogenic origin, the combination of 3He/4He and d13CCO2 suggests a two end-member mixing of mantle and crustal components with CO2/3He ratios of 2×109 and 8×1011, respectively. However, the low CO2/3He ratios (1–22×106) can not be ascribed in terms of the simple mixing but has to be explained by the addition of radiogenic 4He and loss of CO2 by calcite precipitation in the hydrothermal system, which is most likely controlled by the degree of gas-water-rock interaction.     

珠江口盆地恩平凹陷CO2成藏特征与成藏过程

珠江口盆地恩平凹陷北部潜山披覆带首次发现了规模富集的CO_2气层,但分布局限,平面上主要分布在A油田1井区,纵向上主要分布在珠江组上段,其次是珠海组,其他层系和构造高点未见CO_2富集。CO_2气藏含量普遍在92%以上,δ~(13)C为-8.735‰~-3.024‰,~3He/~4He介于5.75×10~(-6)~8.16×10~(-6)之间,为典型的幔源火山成因。由于A油田周边数十千米内无火山发育,且CO_2含量从深到浅逐渐降低,而位于A油田南侧的F_4断裂是在先存基底断裂基础上新生代持续活动的断裂,向下切入基底数千米,向上断至粤海组,活动强度大,故推测F_4深大断裂是A油田CO_2气藏的气源断裂。A油田油气成藏过程具有"两种原油类型、两期原油充注、一期CO_2驱油远藏"的特点,CO_2充注驱油增强了油气二次运移的动力,促进了油气的长距离运聚,扩大了恩平凹陷乃至整个珠江口盆地北部断阶带的勘探层系和勘探边界。     

内蒙古甲生盘铅锌硫矿床硫同位素特征及其成因意义

甲生盘铅锌硫矿床位于华北陆块北缘西段狼山—渣尔泰山成矿带,赋存于中元古代渣尔泰山群地层中,具有明显的层控特征并受同生断裂影响,区内矿石层纹状、角砾状和浸染状构造发育。矿石硫化物硫同位素测试分析表明:早期沉积硫化物3δ4S值变化范围在17.0‰~31.5‰之间,均值为23.9‰;后期穿插脉状硫化物3δ4S值变化范围在13.1‰~31.1‰之间,均值为24.1‰;二者3δ4S值相近,均属海水硫酸盐来源,后期热液改造作用微弱,火山活动对该矿区成矿作用直接贡献不明显;围岩3δ4S值变化范围在7.7‰~15.1‰之间,均值为10.2‰,明显小于矿石硫化物的3δ4S值,亦属海相沉积范畴;矿体北翼发育海西期花岗岩,但其对矿体的改造作用有限。     

江西省横迳温泉区地热气体地球化学

从赣南横迳温泉区采集10个水样并分析了温泉及冷泉的水化学成分,认为热水起源于大气降水补给。在此基础上,还在温泉区采集了4个气样,测定了气体组分的含量及氦同位素．以及CO₂和CH₄的碳同位素。研究结果表明：横迳地区温泉气中CO₂的含量很高(>96％),δC_CO2较重(-4.43‰～-5.50‰),属幔源CO₂;He同位素特征值(R/Ra)变化于1.36～2.11之问．均大于1,有幔源He的加入;本区温泉气的的组合类型为二氧化碳幔源温泉气,从整体上来说属于幔源无机成因气,是地幔脱气的产物。     

郯庐断裂带早白垩世走滑运动中的构造、岩浆、沉积事件

郯庐断裂带内一系列走滑糜棱岩类的^40Ar/^39Ar测年表明，郯庐断裂早白垩世发生了左旋走滑运动。这一大规模的走滑运动，造成了两类走滑构造，一类为变质岩中低绿片岩相左旋韧性剪切带，另一类为中生代火成岩、沉积岩中的脆性、脆-韧性左行平移断层。这反映断裂带的走滑运动从早白垩世初期持续到早白垩世后期。断裂带的走滑运动诱发大规模的、以富钾、中酸性为主的岩浆活动。地球化学分析显示，这些岩浆岩既有壳源的信息，也有幔源的贡献，反映是断裂减压、壳-幔相互作用下形成的岩浆活动，也暗示断裂带在走滑期切入壳-幔边界。该断裂带走滑运动中，除了在莱阳盆地形成了拉分盆地外，还在合肥盆地东部造成了走滑挠曲盆地，控制下白垩统朱巷组的沉积，郯庐断裂带早白垩世走滑运动中的构造、岩浆、沉积事件，是西太平洋伊泽纳崎板块高速斜向俯冲的结果，属于滨太平洋构造。     

Noble gas isotopic compositions and water/gas chemistry of soda springs from the islands of Bioko,São Tomé and Annobon,along with Cameroon Volcanic Line,West Africa

Chemical and isotopic compositions are reported for water, and CO₂ and noble gases in groundwater and soda springs from Bioko, Principé, São Tomé and Annobon, all islands located in the off-shore part of the Cameroon Volcanic Line in West Africa. The soda spring waters are of Ca–Mg–HCO₃ type, with δD and δ¹⁸O values that range from −20 to −8‰ and −5.4 to −2.7‰ respectively, indicative of a meteoric origin. CO₂ is the main gas species in the springs. δ¹³C–CO₂ values vary from −2.8 to −5.0‰, overlapping the observed mantle C range (−3 to −8‰). CO₂/³He ratios (3–9×10⁹) suggest that most C (∼90%) in the samples is derived from the mantle. Neon has atmospheric isotopic compositions, while Ar is slightly enriched in radiogenic ⁴⁰Ar. ³He/⁴He ratios (3.0 to 10.1×10⁻⁶ or 2.1 to 7.2R_a, where R_a is the atmospheric ratio of 1.4×10⁻⁶) are much higher than those for typical crustal fluids (∼10⁻⁸) but lower than those expected for fluids derived from ‘high-³He/⁴He’ hotspots like Loihi and Iceland. This precludes significant contributions of such fluids in the source regions of the gases, and by inference, in the magmatism of these oceanic islands. Alternatively, approximately 90% of the He in São Tomé gases is inferred to be derived from a source similar to the MORB source. The ³He/⁴He ratio for the Bioko gas (6.6×10⁻⁶) may be derived from a source with a higher time integrated (U+Th)/³He ratio than the MORB source.