SBF1—1型近海遥测波浪仪简介

应用浮标测量海洋波浪是近十几年来国外广泛采用的测波手段之一。SBF1—1型近海遥测波浪仪即是一种定点的具有弹性系留系统的遥测波浪浮标。它主要适用于沿海台站、港口码头及海上石油平台等处测量波浪的波高和周期。浮标通过天线连续发射波浪信号,岸站接收系统可连续或定时接收记录。     

SZS3-1型压力式波潮仪

SZS3- 1型压力式波潮仪是测量波浪、潮位的新型仪器。仪器智能化程度高 ,自容工作时间长 (每分钟记录一个潮位、每 3小时记录一组波浪时可连续记录 1 0 8天数据 ) ,具有实时波高信号输出和自动加密测量功能 ,界面友好 ,能方便地进行人机对话。该仪器在国家计量部门通过了环境试验和静态测试 ,在 0～ 50 0 k Pa范围内 ,示值误差小于± 0 .1 k Pa,扩展不确定度 0 .0 2 % ,达到国际同类仪器的先进水平。在海上不同水深处多次与 1 1 56浮标等仪器进行对比试验 ,测量效果满意。所提供的数据处理软件能满足用户的需要 ,符合国家标准。根据用户的…     

SZC—1型温盐深自记仪在渤海海岸带调查中的使用

随着海洋资源的开发与海洋工程技术的发展需要,天津市积极组织有关部门,于一九八三年四月至十二月开始了对渤海海区的海岸带调查活动,调查内容为渤海海区的水文、地质、化学、生物等项。水文要素的温、盐、深测量,是由国家海洋局海洋技术研究所海上操作队承担,使用的仪器是该所自行研制的SZC—1型温盐深自记仪。该仪器是一种电子式测量海水温度和盐度及其随深度变化的剖面仪,它具有数码显示、数字打印,实时测量和自记的特点。为适合海     

YZ-Ⅲ型遥测波浪仪

本文论述了作者所研制的YZ-III型遥测波浪仪的原理、结构和性能。该仪器具有利用加速度原理工作、高精度、高分辨率、高可靠性和连续工作等特点。介绍了该仪器系统动态标定和海上试验情况。     

YZ-Ⅲ型遥测波浪仪

本文论述了作者所研制的YZ-III型遥测波浪仪的原理、结构和性能。该仪器具有利用加速度原理工作、高精度、高分辨率、高可靠性和连续工作等特点。介绍了该仪器系统动态标定和海上试验情况。     

多功能波浪浮标研制

多功能波浪浮标是一种可在海洋台站和近海进行波浪(含波向)、表层水温、表层海水盐度三项水文要素自动测量和信息处理的观测装置。该浮标的研制目的是解决水温和盐度传感器现场安装和连续长期使用所遇到的问题,把我国目前海浪观测技术提高到世界先进水平,并且替代至今赖以进口的同类仪器。目前,国际上较实用的波向浮标主要有两大类:表面波向测量浮标和水下波向测量浮标。前者有美国的956型(改进型为1156型)波浪跟踪浮标、荷兰的波浪骑士方向浮标,这两种浮标都是遥测型浮标,可获得实时测量信息,956型波浪跟踪浮标只能测量波浪要素。80年代,国…     

一种基于波浪能的海洋立体观测系统及应用

随着海洋波浪能发电技术的发展和成熟,其在海洋观测领域的应用受到关注和研究。自主设计并研制了一种集波浪能发电、海表/海底同步观测、实时4G 通信传输、远程无线控制于一体的海洋立体观测系统,于2021 年7 月在珠江口万山岛海域通过锚泊系留方式布放,开展海上波浪能供电和观测应用试验。海试期间连续获取了海底原位观测视频数据,以及海表波浪变化和波浪能发电参数等监测数据,并对波浪能发电电流、电压和功率进行了统计分析,讨论了波浪能发电水平受波浪变化的影响,分析了两者之间的相关性。试验结果表明：利用波浪能供电的海洋观测系统具备连续、长周期、全天候观测的优势和潜力,源源不断的波浪能可保障海洋观测系统的稳定观测和数据可靠传输,实现了海洋观测系统长期独立运行所需的绿色高效供能,验证了波浪能在海洋观测领域应用的可行性和先进性。     

CB型垂线测波仪

随着海浪理论研究的深入,水气交换、海岸工程及室内精密波浪实验测量都需要有一种精度高、频响宽、稳定性好和使用方便的测量仪器。中国科学院海洋研究所研制的CB型垂线测波仪满足了上述要求。1983年12月13日—14日在天津市举办的配联CB型垂线测波仪的SCF型微处理机数据采集分析装置鉴定会上。与会代表认为,CB型垂线测波仪精度高、动态范围大、稳定性能好,适用于近海、内河、湖泊等现场测量及实验室波浪测量。     

6000 m电缆传输式CTDC剖面仪

6 000 m电缆传输式CTDC剖面仪是“十五”863计划支持的海洋专用CTD技术项目之一。研制成功的6 000 m电缆传输式CTDC剖面仪可以基本覆盖全部海洋范围,使我国的CTD测量技术跻身世界先进水平。文中介绍了6 000 m电缆传输式CTDC剖面仪的工作原理、实验室和海上试验情况,通过与海鸟SBE 917CTD所获取的数据资料进行对比和分析,找出了存在的问题和今后努力方向。     

Wave-Rider 67780系列测波仪数据采集和处理系统功能的改进

Wave-Rider 67780系列测波仪采用HP-85微机作实时数据采集和实时谱处理(200s/块)。所采集的原始数据块间不连续、数据块不贮存,难以满足波浪研究的需要。本文在以往工作的基础上,进一步采用1BM-PC系列微机代替HP-85微机并设计了专用软件包,从而可实现连续(时间任意)的实时数据采集、贮存以及实时波浪统计和Tukey海浪谱分析(1200s)。经多次波浪测量应用,证实该测波仪的实时数据采集贮存和实时数据处理能力得到明显提高。该软件包适用于其它类似测量系统,具有一定的应用价值。     

一种浅海锚泊测流浮标系统的实验

早在五十年代,海洋科技工作者已开始利用浮标布设海洋调查仪器,进行海上观测的试验工作。目前被采用的浮标系统,大体有三种类型:(1)锚泊浮标系统,利用各类自含式海洋调査仪器进行测量,定期收回资料;(2)遥测浮标系统,利用无线电遥控和收发各种海洋观测数据;(3)漂移浮标系统,利用浮标本身的漂移,进行海流和其他要素的观测。本文主要介绍浅海锚泊浮标系统的设计和使用情况。 对锚泊浮标系统的研究和实验,许多国家已做了大量有成效的工作。目前关于浮标的设计和锚泊方法尚无統一意见,但是可以看出,大多趋向于采用水下浮标张缆锚泊。这种方法使得浮标系统比起遥测浮标系统来,较为轻小、经济、方便,适合于进行多站同步观测。国外在海洋调查中经常利用这种系统作较长期的海流观测。 我所在六十年代初就已开始了锚泊浮标系统的研究、实验,1964年进行了新的研究设计工作,并在“全国海洋仪器会战”期间,完成了整套系统的计算设计与海上实验,经过鉴定,建议作小批量生产。 近年来,国家海洋局第一海洋研究所、中国科学院南海海洋研究所利用该浮标系统作过多次海上试用,取得了海流长期观测资料,初步考验了该系统的性能。我们最近又对某些部件作了一定的改进,并进行了海上实验。但是,实验也表明:此方法不宜在渔场区和台风盛行季节使用,因易被渔网拖损和丢失。现综合报告如下。     

表层漂流浮标及其跟踪技术

漂流浮标是一种小型海洋资料浮标，具有自动采集海洋水文气象数据，自动定位与数据传输的功能，它可以在海洋中表层海流进行大尺度测量与描绘，属一次性使用仪器，其体积小，便于投放，按照不同的使用目的的可连续在海上工作几个月到两年。     

Question of the pitch-roll buoy response to ocean waves as a simple harmonic oscillator?

The assumption that the East and North deck slopes of a pitch–roll buoy respond to East and North sea slopes as simple harmonic oscillators is routinely made by the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) and others producing directional wave data. Although directional wave data derived with this assumption usually appear to be of good quality, the validity of the assumption has not previously been more directly demonstrated. In this paper, a method is proposed to judge the validity of the assumption for any set of time series records of buoy angular motion. The proposed method is applied to 200 record sets taken by an NDBC buoy located at ocean station 46024, and to five record sets taken by another NDBC buoy at 46051. For the 46024 data, it was demonstrated that the simple harmonic oscillator assumption was near perfectly valid. For the smaller 46051 data set, the simple harmonic oscillator assumption was shown to be slightly less valid.     

Mapping the sea surface using a GPS buoy

On May 22 and 24, 1995, a buoy, designed to float with the water surface and equipped with a GPS antenna, was deployed off the California coast at 16 locations near the Texaco oil platform, Harvest. The purpose of this deployment was threefold:.(1) to demonstrate the ability of this style of buoy to calibrate the TOPEXIPOSEIDON (TIP) altimeter range measurement as it overflew the platform: (2) to demonstrate the ability of the buoy to map the ocean's surface over a 10‐km‐diameter circle surrounding platform Harvest; and (3) to demonstrate the ability of the buoy to measure the sea state accurately. During the 1.6‐h period surrounding the time of the TIP overflight, the buoy‐measured sea level never differed by more than 1.5 cm from the sea level measured by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) acoustic tide gauge on the platform. The good agreement demonstrated the capability of this style of buoy to calibrate altimetric satellites. A paraboloid was fitted to sea level from 16 buoy locations surrounding the platform with a 2.5‐cm rms residual. On a 10‐km‐diameter circle centered on the platform, the paraboloid was within 2.4‐cm rms of the Ohio State University Mean Sea Surface (OSUMSS95). H _u3 values calculated around the overflight times from the GPS buoy vertical positions had a mean difference of 2 cm and a standard deviation of 18 cm from values calculated from the University of Colorado (CU) pressure gauge system. At the time of the overflight, H _u3 was near 2 m, while 3‐m seas were observed by the CU pressure system during measurements later in the day. This experiment demonstrates that a simple wave‐rider buoy design can give comparable accuracies to that of more complex GPS platforms such as the University of Colorado's spar buoy, but is much easier to deploy and capable of being used in more severe weather conditions. Thus, such a buoy and derivative designs have great potential for calibrating altimetric experiments, and for oceanographic and geodetic mapping experiments.     

Wave direction analysis from data buoys

This paper describes a new procedure of directional wave analysis from pitch-roll buoy measurements. The two previous procedures adopted by the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) [Steele, K. E., Lau, J. C. K. and Hsu, Y.-H. L. (1985) Theory and application of calibration techniques for an NDBC directional wave measurement buoy. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering OE-10(4), 382-396; Steele, K. E., Teng, C.-C. and Wang, D. W. C. (1992) Wave direction measurements using pitch-roll buoys. Ocean Engineering 19(4), 349-375] are relevant to our formulations. In these two studies, an estimate for the total phase shift of the sea surface displacement/slope spectra from the measured buoy heave/pitch and heave/roll spectra was calculated either by a weighted average method or a maximum heave/pitch quad-spectrum method. These two formulations were based on a fundamental assumption of symmetric hull-mooring effect on pitch and roll motions, which will never be true in the oceans. In the present study we essentially incorporate the basic formulations of NDBC, but calculate two estimates for this total phase shift.Examples of directional wave analysis from data measured by a 3 m diameter discus buoy during Typhoon Herb are presented in this paper. This data set was also analyzed by the weighted average method of Steele et al. (1985) which yielded unsatisfactory results of wave directions during severe wave climates.     

Wave climate off northern Norway

The wave climate off northern Norway is considered and the investigation is based on wave measurements made at Tromsøflaket by means of a waverider buoy during the years 1977–1981. Data quality of waverider measurements is briefly commented upon; however, more emphasis is given to an evaluation of the long-term representativity of the actual measuring period and to a procedure accounting approximately for a lack of representativity. The wave climate is presented in terms of a smoothed joint probability density function of the significant wave height, H_s, and the spectral peak period, T_p. Based on this distribution a consistent design curve in the H_s, T_p space is established.     

Intercomparison of shipboard and moored CARIOCA buoy seawater fCO2 measurements in the Sargasso Sea

The ocean is an important sink for carbon and heat, yet high-resolution measurements of biogeochemical properties relevant to global climate change are being made only sporadically in the ocean at present. There is a growing need for automated, real-time, long-term measurements of CO₂ in the ocean using a network of sensors, strategically placed on ships, moorings, free-drifting buoys and autonomous remotely operated vehicles. The ground-truthing of new sensor technologies is a vital component of present and future efforts to monitor changes in the ocean carbon cycle and air–sea exchange of CO₂.A comparison of a moored Carbon Interface Ocean Atmosphere (CARIOCA) buoy and shipboard fugacity of CO₂ (fCO₂) measurements was conducted in the western North Atlantic during two extended periods (>1 month) in 1997. The CARIOCA buoy was deployed on the Bermuda Testbed Mooring (BTM), which is located 5 km north of the site of the US Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS). The high frequency of sampling revealed that temperature and fCO₂ responded to physical forcing by the atmosphere on timescales from diurnal to 4–8 days. Concurrent with the deployments of the CARIOCA buoy, frequent measurements of surface fCO₂ were made from the R/V Weatherbird II during opportunistic visits to the BTM and BATS sites, providing a direct calibration of the CARIOCA buoy fCO₂ data. Although, the in situ ground-truthing of the CARIOCA buoy was complicated by diurnal processes, sub-mesoscale and fine-scale variability, the CARIOCA buoy fCO₂ data was accurate within 3±6 μatm of shipboard fCO₂ data for periods up to 50 days. Longer-term assessments were not possible due to the CARIOCA buoy breaking free of the BTM and drifting into waters with different fCO₂-temperature properties. Strategies are put forward for future calibration of other in situ sensors.     

两种海面风场的对比及对海浪模拟的影响

海面风场在海浪模拟研究和预报中起着关键性的作用,再分析风场数据可为海浪模式提供长时间的大范围、高时空分辨率海面风场。利用日本浮标站资料和卫星高度计资料对再分析风场QuickSCAT/NCEP(Q/N)混合风场和ERA风场进行验证分析,并利用WAVEWATCH-Ⅲ模式进行连续12个月的数值模拟试验。对比风场和计算得到的海浪场得出结论:在风速较小的时候,ERA和Q/N风场较实测风场大,在风速较大的时候,ERA和Q/N风场较实测风场小;ERA风场模拟浪高较浮标观测波高偏小;Q/N混合风场模拟的浪高更接近实测浪高。     

A note on the joint distribution of wave height and period during the growth phase of a storm

In this note the effect of changes in sea-state, as measured by the significant wave heigh H_s, on the joint distribution of individual wave height and period are considered. Wave data, obtained from a Waverider buoy during the growth phase of a storm, are used in the analysis. It is found that, by correctly scaling the individual heights and periods, the form of the joint distribution does not depend on H_s, but is dependent on the bandwidth of the spectrum. The results obtained also give some indication of the period of individual, high zero-upcrossing waves.     

基于现场观测数据的HY-2A卫星有效波高校正研究

Significant wave height(SWH) can be computed from the returning waveform of radar altimeter, this parameter is only raw estimates if it does not calibrate. But accurate calibration is important for all applications, especially for climate studies. HY-2a altimeter has been operational since April 2012 and its products are available to the scientific community. In this work, SWH data from HY-2A altimeters are calibrated against in situ buoy data from the National Data Buoy Center(NDBC), Distinguished from previous calibration studies which generally regarded buoy data as "truth", the work of calibration for HY-2A altimeter wave data against in situ buoys was applied a more sophisticated statistical technique—the total least squares(TLS) method which can take into account errors in both variables. We present calibration results for HY-2A radar altimeter measurement of wave height against NDBC buoys. In addition, cross-calibration for HY-2A and Jason-2 wave data are talked over and the result is given.