西宁地震台地磁数字化与模拟记录对比分析

西宁地震台FHD数字化核旋仪从2006年10月安装以来,一直与模拟仪器并行工作。二者采样率不同,所测的量也不相同。在对西宁地震台磁变仪的记录图纸进行数字化转换、生成分钟值的基础上,对FHD仪和磁变仪的观测结果进行对比分析。结果表明:数字FHD仪比三分量磁变仪更加准确地记录了当地地磁场的变化,数字仪器的观测资料明显优于模拟仪器。     

姑咱台前兆观测数字记录与模拟记录对比分析

简要介绍了姑咱台DSQ水管仪和SS-Y伸缩仪仪器“数字化”改造过程，以及模拟与数字化2种仪器并行记录的情况，并对模拟记录和数字记录的内在精度、漂移量、记录形态等指标进行对比分析，找出数字化观测与模拟观测的差异，为地震台站进一步搞好数字化观测，提高观测精度提供可靠依据。     

山西临汾中心地震台ZD9A-Ⅱ地电场仪试运行观测资料的分析

对山西临汾中心地震台ZD9A-Ⅱ地电场仪试运行期间记录的观测资料进行了分析，从记录的数据中，甄别出异常变化形态，分析了造成异常的原因，采取了相应的对策。指出，地电场仪自运行以来，该仪器能较好地反映测区地电场强度的变化。     

姑咱地震台VS型垂直摆倾斜数字仪观测资料分析

对姑咱台VS型垂直摆倾斜仪的改造过程及仪器安装情况作了简要介绍,并且对数字化VS型垂直摆倾斜仪的观测资料记录情况、记录波形、观测精度、稳定性和观测资料干扰因素等进行了分析,从5年多的运行观测资料来看,这种仪器灵敏度较高、格值变化较小,固体潮波记录明显.     

怀来4号井地下流体观测数字化改造

引言 2001年首都圈防震减灾示范系统工程在河北省全面实施。怀来4号井流体观测台是河北省地下流体学科的重点观测台站。经过室内外观测环境改造之后，陆续安装了SD-3A自动测氡仪、DFG-B智能测氡仪、LN-3型数字水位仪以及气象辅助观测仪器。这些新仪器采用新技术提高了资料的观测精度和自动控制功能，原有的人工读数模式改为数字化自动采集模式，增强了地震监测能力和监控范围。于2001年9月1日正式产出数据，实现了观测仪器智能化、资料产出数字化、数据处理自动化和信息传输网络化。 1 怀来4号井概况 怀来4号井位于怀来县城东南13 km后…     

山西临汾中心地震台ZD9A-Ⅲ地电场仪试运行观测资料的分析

对山西临汾中心地震台ZD 9A-Ⅱ地电场仪试运行期间记录的观测资料进行了分析,从记录的数据中,甄别出异常变化形态,分析了造成异常的原因,采取了相应的对策。指出,地电场仪自运行以来,该仪器能较好地反映测区地电场强度的变化。     

攀枝花川-05井数字水位仪安装及干扰排除

攀枝花川－05井LN－3型数字水位仪严格按照技术要求进行安装，但是在运行过程中所观测到的动水位值仍然出现了干扰。通过对台站附近环境条件以及其它3套数字仪器进行综合分析，找出了干扰源，成功排除了干扰。     

聊古一井数字化氡观测资料的分析与应用

对聊古一井SD－3A数字化氡观测资料的变化特征进行了分析，与该井原有的模拟观测资料进行了对比研究，并对数字化氡观测资料的应用与分析方法进行了探讨。认为尽管SD－3A自动测氡仪所测为逸出氡与模拟观测溶解氡的物理量有所不同，但两具有基本一致的变化趋势，且数字化氡具有较强的映震能力。     

数字化地电观测数据中干扰的处理方法

随着地震观测技术的不断进步，地震前兆观测仪器数字化已是大势所趋。近年来，安徽省在3个台安装了数字地电仪，在2个台安装了数字水氡仪。数字化仪器的优点是可以更客观地记录地震前兆的真实信息，当然也包括干扰信息。可以按地震监测和科研需要设定数据采集时间间隔，模拟仪器有时难以做到。数字化仪器的自动化和智能化程度高，可以大大减轻观测人员的工作量。 同时，数字化资料便于网络传输，便于计算机信息处理。不但节省人力物力，而且也减少了中间环节出错的机会。然而，数字化仪器获取的数据也出现了原模拟仪器资料不曾出现的问题。…     

闾阳-康平-梨树深地震测深剖面野外资料数字化的设计与实现

通过分析闾阳－康平－梨树深地震测深剖面的观测设计、观测结果以及仪器系统特点，根据项目研究目的及要求，对该剖面的模拟记录进行了数字化设计与实现，以满足用新方法对资料的进一步处理运算，并为资料的交流和永久保存打下了良好基础。     

On the synchronism in the events within the core and on the surface of the earth: the changes in the organic world and in the polarity of the geomagnetic field in the phanerozoic

The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes in the organic world.     

Comparison Between the Nutations of the Planet Mars and the Nutations of the Earth

The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.     

太平洋中部地磁台11年周期变化的研究

综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。     

On the use of the autocorrelation method for estimating the depth to the magnetic basement

The depth to the top of magnetic dykes can be estimated from total field aeromagnetic data using the relation between the depth to magnetic sources and the autocorrelation function of magnetic data. By using synthetic anomalies we show that in the ideal case, depth can be determined to an accuracy of 10% or better, when the anomaly sources are two-dimensional dykes. However, the estimated depths depend on the width of the dykes. The estimated depth is about 0.6 times the actual depth to the top of thin dykes, and around the true depth for thick dykes having width-to-depth ratio around 3. The depth is considerably overestimated for very thick dykes (e.g., contacts, which is a special case of the thick dyke). Thus, the autocorrelation method requires that the width-to-depth ratio of the dyke is estimated independently to correctly estimate the depths. Alternatively, it must be assumed that the width-to-depth ratio for the two-dimensional source body is between 1.5 and 4.     

固体潮的地震预测研究与地球动力学研究之分析比较

本文分析了现行固体潮地震研究中的历史影响,对比研究了固体潮地震预测研究和固体潮地球动力学研究二者在振动频率、振动源体积、传输距离与介质等方面的地球物理特点与本质区别,强调了固体潮地震预测研究中最根本的工作是建立地震预测的目标和基本概念.     

On the Mechanism of the Secular Tidal Acceleration of the Solid Inner Core and the Viscosity of the Liquid Core

As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10 ³ Poise     

Macrobenthic communities of the Pechora Sea: the past and the present on the threshhold of the prirazlomnoye oil-field exploitation

On data of bottom sampling, carried out by means of grab, trawl and underwater photography in August–September of 1993 in the area of the Pechora Sea, quantitative regularities of macrobenthos distribution are described for the ecological monitoring purposes. Maps of -biodiversity and biomass indices, bottom communities and trophic zones, singled out by dominant method, are presented. Assessment of structure changes of the investigated area bottom communities during the last 60–70 years is fulfilled. It is shown that the described communities on the whole are of natural undisturbed character and that the revealed changes are within the natural fluctuations in the abundance of benthic populations or may be interpreted in terms of methodical differences in the data analysis and generalization by different authors.     

动水压力对深水桥墩地震响应影响的研究综述

地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.     

中国大陆构造环境监测网络基准站多路径效应影响因素浅析

在数据完整率达到95%的基础上,为进一步确保中国大陆构造环境监测网络GNSS基准站观测数据质量,选取2010—2020年全国基准站观测数据,采用TEQC软件进行质量检验,分类整理其中多路径效应计算结果呈典型特征的台站,结合观测环境状态,对多路径效应存在的区域性特征进行分析,发现除接收机天线周围发生遮挡外,硬件更换、台站周围地势差等因素,均对多路径效应产生不同程度的影响,可为建站选址和观测环境监测工作提供参考。