广州气溶胶质量谱与水溶性成分谱的年变化特征

广州气溶胶质量谱与水溶性成分谱的年变化特征吴兑，陈位超（广州热带海洋气象研究所，广州，５１００８０）近年来，我们曾在粤、桂、琼三省华南广大地区采集并分析了大气气溶胶分级样品，从气溶胶参与雨水酸化过程，吸湿性气溶胶作为凝结核的作用，以及海岸地带吸湿性粒...     

川康边区之雨量

本文所论,以四川西部岷江流域及西康东部稚龙江,金沙江与澜沧江上游为限,东起105°E,西至95°E,北自33°N,南止28°N。是区适当四川盆地与西藏高原交接之地带,境内地形至为复杂,高山深谷,东西骈列,走向大致均由北而南,或西北而东南。山在四川西北境有九顶山脉,南尽于成都平原,平均海拔在三千公尺以上,北为雪宝顶,南为九顶山,海拔在五千公尺左右,其西有印崃山,夹金山及大相岭,连绵不断,耸峙于川康边界上,北部拔海约四千公尺,南部则在二千公尺左右,走向初南北而后折为东西,酉康境内,大雪山脉为东部之屏障,平均海拔在四千公尺以上,北名折多山,中为贡噶山,南为     

Inversions on northern and southern slopes of the Low Tatras

Summary This work deals with the occurrence of inversions on the northern and southern slopes of the Low Tatras in the Chopok region. The data for the northern exposure have been taken from the meteorological stations at 648 m a.s.l., 1200 m a.s.l., and 1660 m a.s.l. For the southern exposure from the meteorological stations 506 m a.s.l., 1208 m a.s.l., 1490 m a.s.l., and from the top of Chopok (2008 m a.s.l.). The evaluated 10-year period covers the years 1973–1982. The inversion have been determined by means of the comparison of regular observations (at 7 a.m., 2 and 9 p.m.), of the average daily temperature, maximum and minimum temperatures and an arbitrary term of the determinate day. It follows from this evaluation, that the inversion has a characteristic course, with maximum frequency during winter, particularly during anticyclonic situations. With increasing altitude, the number of inversion days decreases.With 1 Figure     

太湖流域之雨量

地理位置太湖流域跨江浙二省,地居东经一百二十度与一百二三十度,北纬三十度与三十二度之间。北负长江,南临杭州湾,东接东海。地势平坦,舍西南之天目山地而外,仅见三两邱陵,点缀于浩浩平原之上而已。全区西南高而东北卑,中部尤低,天目山高达一千     

What Do the Cited and Citing Environments Reveal about Advances in Atmospheric Physics

The networking status of journals reflects their academic influence among peer journals. This paper analyzes the cited and citing environments of this journal, Advances in Atmospheric Sciences (Adv. Atmos. Sci.), using methods from social network analysis. Since its initial publication, Adv. Atmos. Sci. has been actively participating in the international journal environment and international journals are frequently cited in Adv. Atmos. Sci. Particularly, this journal is intensely interrelated with its international peer journals in terms of their similar citing patterns. The international influence of Adv. Atmos. Sci. is comparatively bigger than other Chinese SCI journals in atmospheric sciences as reffected by total cites to Adv. Atmos. Sci. and the total number of international journals citing it. The academic visibility of Adv. Atmos. Sci. is continuing to improve in the international research community as the number of reference citation it receives in its peer journals internationally increases over time.     

Modulating synoptic scale convective activity and boundary layer dissipation in the IPESD models of the Madden–Julian oscillation

A self-contained derivation of the IPESD models [Majda, A.J., Klein, R., 2003. Systematic multi-scale models for the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci. 60, 393–408] governing synoptic and planetary scale tropical flows is provided. This derivation demonstrates the analytic tractability of the model and the effect of zonally and meridionally tilted synoptic scale heating on the forcing of planetary scale flows through upscale momentum and temperature fluxes. Exploiting the analytic tractability of the models, different aspects of the planetary scale forcing are traced to meridional and vertical tilts in the synoptic scale heating profile. Variants of the archetypal IPESD models for the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) presented in Majda and Biello [Majda, A.J., Biello, J.A., 2004. A multi-scale model for tropical intraseasonal oscillations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 101, 4736–4741; Biello, J.A., Majda, A.J., 2005. A new multi-scale model for the Madden–Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci. 62, 1694–1721] are studied. In addition to vertically tilted synoptic scale heating, the models discussed herein incorporate upscale zonal momentum flux due to meridional flux convergence arising from meridionally tilted heating. The effect of a boundary layer momentum drag at the base of the free troposphere is also systematically incorporated into the IPESD models. Both meridional tilts and lower boundary layer drag are shown to meridionally confine the MJO westerly wind burst and drive a planetary scale barotropic flow. Meridionally tilted heating can also greatly strengthen the wind burst at the base of the troposphere and modify its vertical profile. The competing effects of meridionally tilted, and off-equatorial heating can also significantly weaken the MJO winds. Appendices are provided which discuss generalizations and a solution algorithm for the IPESD models.     

Modulating synoptic scale convective activity and boundary layer dissipation in the IPESD models of the Madden–Julian oscillation

A self-contained derivation of the IPESD models [Majda, A.J., Klein, R., 2003. Systematic multi-scale models for the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci. 60, 393–408] governing synoptic and planetary scale tropical flows is provided. This derivation demonstrates the analytic tractability of the model and the effect of zonally and meridionally tilted synoptic scale heating on the forcing of planetary scale flows through upscale momentum and temperature fluxes. Exploiting the analytic tractability of the models, different aspects of the planetary scale forcing are traced to meridional and vertical tilts in the synoptic scale heating profile. Variants of the archetypal IPESD models for the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) presented in Majda and Biello [Majda, A.J., Biello, J.A., 2004. A multi-scale model for tropical intraseasonal oscillations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 101, 4736–4741; Biello, J.A., Majda, A.J., 2005. A new multi-scale model for the Madden–Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci. 62, 1694–1721] are studied. In addition to vertically tilted synoptic scale heating, the models discussed herein incorporate upscale zonal momentum flux due to meridional flux convergence arising from meridionally tilted heating. The effect of a boundary layer momentum drag at the base of the free troposphere is also systematically incorporated into the IPESD models. Both meridional tilts and lower boundary layer drag are shown to meridionally confine the MJO westerly wind burst and drive a planetary scale barotropic flow. Meridionally tilted heating can also greatly strengthen the wind burst at the base of the troposphere and modify its vertical profile. The competing effects of meridionally tilted, and off-equatorial heating can also significantly weaken the MJO winds. Appendices are provided which discuss generalizations and a solution algorithm for the IPESD models.     

南海17940孔晚更新世末期以来菱形海线藻及其变种的古环境研究

通过对1994年南海17940孔硅藻数据进行分析,结果表明：该孔硅藻组合中菱形海线藻及其变种T. nitzschioides var. parva的百分含量比值具有一定的变化规律。通过比对南海17940孔已有温度记录（有孔虫G. rubberδ18O数据、FP-12E表层海水年平均温度）,进一步发现菱形海线藻变种（T. nitzschioides var. parva）与原种的比值所反应的温度变化与原有记录具有较好的一致性。其中,比值增加反映了古温度的升高;反之则说明气候变冷。因此,该比值可反映出自晚更新世末期以来该地区古温度的变化情况,是较好的古温度指示标志。     

90°E—170°W热带地区云量的低频变化

使用日本静止气象卫星(GMS)观测的候平均云量资料,分析了1978年5月—1984年12月和1978年5月—1981年12月两个时期内,印度洋中部(90°E)至太平洋(170°W)热带地区云量的低频变化特征。主要结果如下: 1.考查地区的云量存在两类低频振荡:30—60天的季节内振荡和周期为2—4年的年际振荡(可称之为甚低频振荡)。 2.在非厄尼诺时期,30—60天的低频振荡较明显,可以一直东传到中太平洋;有厄尼诺影响时,它的东传过程将受到抑制,主要限于130°E从西地区。 3.130°E以西地区的2—4年振荡,主要与厄尼诺/南方涛动的信息有关;在非厄尼诺时期,这一类振荡消失。