沉积盆地的动力学分析──盆地研究领域的主要趋向

沉积盆地的动力学正在成为盆地研究领域的主要趋向，并将成为跨世纪的固体地球科学研究规划中的重要组成部分。其目的在于认识盆地的成因，揭示其全部演化历史中的动力学过程，并探求来自地球系统的内在驱动力。这将需要定量地分析反映动力过程的参数，阐明各种控制因素的联合、复合作用及演化中的过程序列。了解盆地演化与发生在深部，包括地壳和岩石圈以下的物质状态和过程之间的关系以及板块相互作用所造成的成盆区应力场，这将是盆地动力学理论研究所必须面对的问题。定量动力学模拟技术的新进展已表明其为这一领域研究不可缺少的支柱。层序和事件地层学、构造－地层分析和高精度定年技术的结合提供了完整的研究盆地充填动力学的方法。盆地流体研究正在成为这一领域的热点。已取得的成就源于多学科联合研究和新技术的使用，坚持这一科学界的共识将是继续取得新突破的保证。     

拉伸盆地模拟理论基础与新进展

作为一种重要的盆地类型，拉伸盆地的理论模型和模拟研究发展迅速，已形成了较完善的系统理论。岩石圈拉伸的动力学模型主要包括：（１）瞬时或非瞬时的均匀纯剪拉伸模型；（２）双层或非均匀的纯剪拉伸模型；（３）拆离的简单剪切模型；（４）拆离－纯剪切模型；（５）简单剪切－纯剪切悬臂梁模型等。岩石圈的纯剪切和简单剪切代表了岩石圈变形的两个端元。拉伸过程中的减压熔融对盆地演化可产生重要影响。这些理论模型构成了拉伸盆地计算机模拟的理论基础。应用正演的理论模型与反演的回剥法相结合的模拟技术，可动态和定量地重塑盆地的形成演化，精确地预测沉积盆地的沉降过程、盆地构造格架、岩石圈深部结构以及热流分布等。这项研究已显示出巨大的、深远的研究和应用前景。     

盆地的形成和充填过程模拟──以拉伸盆地为例

沉积盆地定量动力学模拟和分析是目前地学领域的一个研究热点。文中建立的拉伸盆地模拟系统可模拟拉伸盆地的沉降过程、估算盆地的拉伸量、分析盆地深部结构和热流背景;动态模拟盆地的充填过程及预测层序格架和沉积体系域的分布样式。沉降和热史模拟结合了二维的回剥法和简单或纯剪切的盆地形成模型。盆地充填模型综合考虑了盆地的构造沉降、均衡作用。沉积物供给。海（湖）平面变化等对盆地充填过程的控制作用。对莺、琼盆地模拟分析揭示了盆地的幕式拉伸过程和深部热演化;层序模拟提示了盆地沉降。海平面变化等对盆地充填演化的控制作用。     

沉积盆地定量动力学模拟

盆地的定量动力学模拟是以地质模型和数理模型为基础,对盆地形成演化的地球动力学过程进行拟合,用以探讨盆地形成演化的动力学机制,并通过各种动力学参数的提取,解决实际地质问题。本文简短回顾了盆地定量动力学模拟的历史和现状;从盆地动力学模似的基础和原理入手,重点介绍了拉伸盆地、前陆盆地和弧前盆地动力学模拟的最新进展;从模拟的流程探讨了不确定性的存在和来源;对我国的研究现状作了概括分析,认为盆地的定量动力学模拟可以在我国取得突破。     

大陆裂陷作用及盆地发育系统

作为一种重要的大陆动力学过程，大陆裂陷作用的研究进展迅速，已形成了较为完善的系统理论。大陆裂陷作用模式包括：（1）宽裂陷作用；（2）窄裂陷作用；（3）变质核杂岩。在运动学体制上又可概括为纯剪切变形、简单剪切变形和双层混合式剪切变形。陆内裂陷盆地系统的发育与大陆岩石圈的拉伸率有密切关系。高度拉伸区发育上拆离盆地，而低拉伸率区形成一般裂陷盆地。这两种类型的盆地构成了大陆裂陷盆地系统的两种端元。     

盆地的形成和充填过程模拟：以拉伸盆地为例

沉积盆地定量动力学模拟和分析是目前地学领域的一个研究热点。文中建立的拉伸盆地模拟系统可模拟拉伸盆地的沉降过程,估算盆地的拉伸量,分析盆地深部结构和热流背景;动态模拟盆地的充填过程及预测层序格架和沉积体系域的分布样式。沉降和热史模拟结合了二维的回剥法和简单或纯剪切的盆地形成模型。     

石油地质动力学的内涵与展望

石油地质动力学的本质特征是在现代地质理论基础之上，应用数学、物理学、化学和生物学等理论和方法，借助先进的计算机和实验测试、模拟技术，定量地研究沉积盆地油气生、运、储、聚和保的机制、速率和过程。石油地质动力学研究的核心问题有两个：一是沉降作用，二是流体压力系统形成与演化，成藏动力是石油地质动力学研究的纽带。石油地质动力学现行研究方法可分为盆地动力学、石油地质动力学（狭义）和地质作用过程动力学，重点介绍了成岩过程动力学的研究方法及当今研究的前沿领域，即热流体与有机／无机成岩作用。最后，笔者展望了石油地质动力学研究在我国那些具有多旋回叠合性含油气盆地的发展和应用前景。     

沉积盆地流体—岩石相互作用研究的现状

沉积盆地流体－岩石相互作用研究主要是通过实验地球化学和岩石学，地球化学模拟方法开展的，综述了这一领域的研究现状，主要包括有机酸来源和分布及期 对矿物稳定性的影响，地层水成因与演化、烃类与岩石间的氧化还原反应、以及储层润湿性的变化等，并展望了其 发展趋势。     

粘土矿物转化的化学动力学模型与应用

本文讨论了粘土矿物转化的化学动力学模型及其应用。对于某一地区，粘土矿物蒙皂石向伊利石的转化主要受温度和时间的影响，可以用化学动力学一级反应的模型描述，这一模型可用于:（１）反演古大地热流；（２）模拟成岩史；（３）在盆地内没有钻井的区域预测地层的成岩阶段。     

海底活动断裂的综合研究—以日本西相模湾断裂为例

中国东部大陆边缘第三纪盆地的裂陷过程具有幕式的特点。基于经典的单幕拉伸模型难以正确描述多幕裂陷过程,本文提出了多幕瞬时均匀拉伸的定量动力学模型。它可定量恢复多幕裂陷过程的盆地沉降和岩石圈的拉伸过程,预测深部软流圈顶面高度和深部热     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of