航天INSAR复影像对的自动快速匹配

针对航天INSAR主、辅影像数据的特点,提出了加大匹配窗口、加大锚点间隔的匹配策略,以提高匹配的可靠性和速度.在匹配过程中,综合利用轨道参数和强度影像金字塔进行粗匹配,并对强度影像采用相关系数与最小二乘相结合的双向匹配方案,实现了自动、快速、高可靠性和高精度的航天INSAR复影像匹配.最后总结了航天INSAR复影像匹配的特点.     

基于SGM的遥感影像自动匹配

遥感影像的自动匹配是数字摄影测量产品生产的重要过程,匹配结果的好坏直接影响摄影测量产品的质量。将计算机视觉中SGM算法应用于遥感影像的自动匹配问题中,对航天和航空遥感影像在城市地区、阴影区域及纹理特征不明显的情况下进行的大量试验表明,该方法具有稳定、可靠的特点。     

光学航天传感器几何建模与DEM生成新进展

高分辨率光学卫星成像系统正越来越多地应用于遥感和摄影测量领域。根据新型的高分辨率卫星影像系统主要特点及高分辨率卫星测图的关键技术的发展趋势，以第21届国际摄影测量与遥感大会“光学航天传感器几何建模与DEM生成”专题中的51篇文章为参考，总结了目前典型的光学卫星影像（主要是IRS—P5和ALOS／PRISM）的几何建模方法，影像匹配与DEM提取方法以及光学航天传感器在其他方面的应用。     

空间大地测量的最新进展(六)

5 合成孔径雷达干涉测量(INSAR)的最新进展 合成孔径雷达干涉测量(Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry或Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar,缩写为INSAR)是利用由一甚短基线(几m到大约1km)获得的两个相位相干的雷达影像,将两影像配合起来,以产生干涉条纹,已知基线长和姿态,便可得出地形三维信息的技术.影像可由同一合成孔径雷达(SAR)两次在目标上空通过(复通过)获得,既可由同一平台上两根分开的天线获得,也可由在串翼式飞机上工作的两独立的雷达获得.     

嫦娥三号着陆器下降序列影像匹配方法研究

通过对嫦娥三号着陆器下降序列影像特点进行研究,联系国内外影像匹配算法的发展历史与优化趋势,针对所获取的嫦娥三号下降序列影像缩放旋转平移变换多样的特点,比较各种图像匹配的方法,选择一种尺度不变特征转换算法(Scale Invariant Feature form),简称SIFT算法。根据SIFT算法的主要过程,用MATLAB软件对算法代码进行实现,经过调试后对嫦娥三号下降序列影像进行匹配,设计实验从匹配的正确率、匹配的时间和匹配的精度3个层面对匹配方法的性能进行分析,试验结果表明此算法适用于嫦娥三号下降序列影像的匹配。该算法适用于下降序列影响的匹配中,得到的数据为航天探测的后续操作提供精准的数据基础。     

航空摄影立体像对的全自动影像匹配

在原始影像立体像对的基础上,实现DEM的全自动提取是"数字摄影测量”的最重要的技术,是"摄影测量”对"数字地球”科学体系的最大贡献.DEM全自动提取的关键技术就是立体像对的全自动影像匹配.作者经过多年的实践,分别实现了航空影像立体像对的全自动影像匹配和航天影像立体像对的全自动影像匹配.从自动内定向、自动相对定向、全数字影像匹配等3个子过程论述了实现航空影像DEM全自动提取技术的全过程,并且给出了试验的结果和分析.     

航空摄影立体像对的全自动影像匹配

在原始影像立体像对的基础上,实现ＤＥＭ的全自动提取是“数字摄影测量”的最重要的技术,是“摄影测量”对“数字地球”科学体系的最大贡献。ＤＥＭ全自动提取的关键技术就是立体像对的全自动影像匹配。作者过多年的实践,分别实现了航空影像立体像对的全自动影像匹配和航天影像立体对的全自动影像匹配。从自动内定向,自动相对定向、全数字影像匹配等３个子过程论述了实现航空影像ＤＥＭ全自动提取技术的全过程,并且给出了试验的     

基于三线阵CCD影像的DEM自动生成技术

三线阵CCD相机是目前传输型航天摄影测量中的主要传感器之一。本文首先从影像匹配入手，提出了基于准正射影像、结合“断面引导逼近”原理进行三线阵CCD影像DEM（数字高程模型）自动生成的新思路，并通过实验验证了该思路的正确性和可行性。     

基于小波变换的分层影像匹配

提出一种小波变换支持的基于灰度和基于特征相结合的分层匹配方案用于DEM自动生成,利用航空与航天影像(MOMS-02,SPOT)进行的试验表明,该方案具有基于灰度、基于特征和分层影像匹配的优点,能以较少的代价获得高精度、高可靠性的匹配结果.     

SAR影像与光学影像的高斯伽玛型边缘强度特征匹配法

提出了一种基于影像边缘强度图描述的SAR影像与光学影像匹配方法。首先对影像进行粗纠正,消除影像之间的尺度和旋转变化;其次,改进相位一致性特征检测方法,提取对影像相干斑噪声稳健的特征点;然后基于高斯伽玛型双边窗口比值算子计算影像边缘强度图,在此基础上构造不变特征描述符;最后联合几何约束条件,实现SAR影像与光学影像匹配。试验结果证明,与现有方法相比,本文方法能够大幅提高SAR影像与光学影像匹配结果中的正确匹配特征数量以及影像配准精度。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。