辽西建昌盆地九佛堂组珍稀化石层的划分与对比

为研究热河生物群的鸟类、爬行类和被子植物的早期演化、辐射迁移、生物多样性及其协同进化,笔者在建昌盆地测制了九佛堂组剖面,并系统采集了以珍稀化石为重点的生物化石。结合前人研究成果,将九佛堂组自下而上分为第一段至第三段,其中九佛堂组第一段西店层含鸟类、爬行类和龟类等珍稀化石,尚见介形类化石Cypridea decorosa,C.jianchanensis,Yumenia jianchanensis,Limnocypridea slundensis,L.levigata,L.rara等,表明该层的介形类化石与喀左九佛堂小孤山—烧锅地剖面及朝阳县波罗赤小北山—黄道营子剖面的九佛堂组第一段下部介形类化石组合面貌基本一致,其所在层位亦应相当。     

辽西地区九佛堂组及其珍稀化石层划分与对比

辽西地区是世界重要的化石产地,中生界下白垩统九佛堂组是该地区重要的含化石层位,含有著名的热河生物群化石。通过对辽西地区九佛堂组诸多剖面的综合研究及化石组合对比,将辽西地区九佛堂组划分为3个岩性段,并整理完善了辽西九佛堂组珍稀化石层序列。根据对辽西九佛堂组珍稀化石层进行的对比研究,建立了肖台子层、报马营子层、西营子层等3个珍稀化石层,并分析了珍稀化石层岩性特征,认为珍稀化石层的形成与火山活动存在直接关系,首次提出辽西九佛堂期存在火山活动。     

中国没有牙齿的翼龙化石

本文总结了古神翼龙类的特征,尤其是对中国发现的没有牙齿的翼龙类(包括古神翼龙类、朝阳翼龙类及神龙翼龙类)进行系统总结。通过对比,把中国的古神翼龙类建立两个新的亚科:中国翼龙亚科及华夏翼龙亚科。从古神翼龙类头骨形态变化来看,其演化趋势是头骨由低长向短高变化,这一变化的原因可能与其食性变化有关。根据在辽西凌源四合当九佛堂组发现的一几乎完整的化石骨架建立了中国翼龙新种:凌源中国翼龙(新种),它具有以下特征:鼻眶前孔的长度与高度之比率为3.20;吻部指数为3.03;股骨与胫骨长度之比率约为0.66以及第2翼指骨与第1翼指骨长度之比率为0.85。根据发现于辽西朝阳九佛堂组的另一个体较小的古神翼龙类化石骨架,建立华夏翼龙属一新种:返祖华夏翼龙(新种)。虽然它个体较小,但是它具有华夏翼龙类似的头骨脊,然而它的第2和第3翼指骨的后面具有原始喙嘴龙类翼龙的沟状结构,以区别于其它的华夏翼龙类。返祖华夏翼龙的翼指骨后部沟状结构的出现,应为返祖现象的体现。而这一现象,在翼手龙类中为首次报道。     

辽宁凌源四合当地区九佛堂组珍稀化石层划分及意义

辽宁省凌源市四合当地区九佛堂组含有丰富的中生代热河生物群化石,尤其是珍稀化石.通过剖面测制、化石采集以及实地调查等手段,将九佛堂组划分为3个段,确定了化石层的分布及重要化石的产出层位,同时命名了3个化石层：一段的韩家沟层、二段的卅二道湾层、三段的四合当层,加深了辽西九佛堂组化石层的研究程度.     

辽西朝阳盆地早白垩世一新的无齿翼龙化石

采自辽西朝阳盆地早白垩世九佛堂组的一翼龙化石被记述。化石材料是一接近完整骨架的无齿的翼龙，带有一不完全的头骨。作者将其归于翼手龙类(Pteroclactyloidea)，并建一新属、新种一无齿吉大翼龙(Jidapterus edentus gen．et sp．nov．)。     

辽宁西部一新的帆翼龙类化石

根据发现于辽西朝阳九佛堂组一具有部分头骨的不完整骨架,命名一新的帆翼龙--赵氏龙城翼龙(新属新种).头骨和牙齿形态显示龙城翼龙与宽齿帆翼龙的关系要比与其他翼龙的关系密切,龙城翼龙是目前辽西九佛堂组中发现的唯一的帆翼龙类.帆翼龙科原仅一属种,发现于英国早白垩世地层中,辽西早白垩世新帆翼龙的发现,不但扩大了其地理分布,也证明辽西是晚侏罗世至早白垩世翼龙辐射、分异的重要地区.这对研究翼龙的起源和演化有重要意义.     

辽西中生代含鸟层及上下层位的划分和时代

辽宁西部中生代地层发育,在国内外同期地层研究中占有重要地位。辽西中生代鸟化石的发展,具有重要的科学价值。含鸟层位包括上侏罗统义县组含鸟层和下白垩统九佛堂组含鸟层。现共鉴定出鸟类化石１１个属１４个种,其中义县组鸟化石４个属６个种,地位最为重要。鉴于此,将义县组下部的沉积层划分出来,并建立了四合屯组,该组对寻找鸟类的祖先具有重要的意义。原土城子组一段具有组级岩石地层单位意义称为蒙古营子组。     

辽宁西部早白垩世朝阳翼龙科 (Chaoyangopteridae)化石一新种

中国辽宁西部早白垩世翼龙类化石非常丰富,其上部的九佛堂组翼龙类组合以含有丰富的无齿的古神翼龙科、朝阳翼龙科等进步类型而与下部的义县组翼龙类组合相区别。本文描述了辽宁西部建昌盆地九佛堂组一新的大型翼龙类化石,其以上下颌无齿、吻端指数为3.7、前颌骨背支细长且封闭鼻眶前孔背缘、很大的鼻眶前孔后端超过上下颌关节位置、轭骨的上颌骨突基部宽大而应被归入朝阳翼龙科(Chaoyangopteridae)神州翼龙属(Shenzhoupterus)。其以较大的体形(翼展2.05 m)、平直的上下颌咬合面、轭骨的眶后骨突较泪骨突长且基部略宽、第4～7颈椎长度依次减小等特征,区别于朝阳神州翼龙(Shenzhoupterus chaoyangensis),而被命名为三亚神州翼龙(新种)(Shenzhoupterus sanyainus sp. nov.)。这是辽宁西部早白垩世翼展最大且不具牙齿的翼龙类属种,它的发现丰富了九佛堂组翼龙类组合内容,对认识朝阳翼龙科的骨骼形态与生态习性亦具有积极意义。     

辽西晚中生代热河生物群中首次发现具胚胎的软壳蛋化石

本文详细记述了辽宁省锦州市义县晚中生代热河生物群中两类爬行动物的蛋化石,其中离龙类蛋化石发现于早白垩世九佛堂组上部,翼龙类蛋化石发现于早白垩世义县组上部的金刚山层。经研究,离龙类蛋化石不仅含有胚胎,而且为软壳蛋。翼龙类蛋化石没有显示硬壳结构,很可能同样为软壳蛋。这些蛋化石的发现对于我们了解这两类爬行动物的生殖方式和发育演化历史将具有重要科学意义。     

辽西喀左大型霸王龙类恐龙的产出层位和埋藏环境

辽西喀喇沁左翼蒙古族自治县大城子镇发现了个体巨大的霸王龙类化石,本文对化石点周边进行了实地地质调查和地层剖面测量,通过所测量的剖面与大城子盆地代表性剖面的对比分析,确定了含该霸王龙类化石的层位为下白垩统九佛堂组一段。此外,还对地层沉积与埋藏环境进行了初步分析,认为这一大型霸王龙类接近原地在河流心滩处被埋藏、进而逐渐形成化石。     

Precious Fossil-Bearing Beds of the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in Western Liaoning Province, China

Based on the subdivision into three members of the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in western Liaoning, this paper deals mainly with the division and correlation of precious fossil bird-and reptile-bearing beds of the formation in the Dachengzi, Chaoyang, Dapingfang-Meileyingzi and Fuxin-Yixian basins. Among them, the precious fossil-bearing beds in the Dachengzi Basin may be recognized as the Xidagou Bed of the second member and the Yangcaogoudonggou Bed of the third member; those in the Chaoyang Basin may be confirmed as the Shangheshou Bed of the second member and the Dongpochi Bed of the third member; those in the Dapingfang-Meileyingzi Basin are as the Lamagou Bed of the second member, the Huanghuagou Bed of the lower third member and the Yuanjiawa Bed of the upper third member; and those in the Fuxin-Yixian Basin are listed as the Tuanshanzi Bed of the second member and the Pijiagou Bed of the third member. Since these basins are distinctly separated and the bird and reptile fossils are mostly new genera and species, we have to use the associated fossil ostracod assemblages as index to correlate the Xidagou Bed with the Shangheshou Bed and the Lamagou Bed, and to correlate the Yuanjiawa Bed with the Yangcaogoudonggou Bed and the Pijiagou Bed. Primarily, we established the sequence of the precious fossil-bearing beds of the Jiufotang Formation in western Liaoning. They are represented by, in ascending order, the Xidagou Bed of the second member, the Huanghuagou Bed of the lower third member, and the Yuanjiawa Bed of the upper third member. Obviously, this work has significance for the study on the time-space distribution and radiation of birds and dinosaurs during the period of the middle Early Cretaceous.     

Taxonomy and Stratigraphy of Late Mesozoic Anurans and Urodeles from China

Three anurans (Callobatrachus sanyanensis, Liaobatrachus grabaui, Mesophryne beipiaoensis) and six urodeles (Laccotriton subsolanus, Liaoxitriton zhongjiani, Jeholotriton paradoxus, Sinerpeton fengshanensis, Chunerpeton tianyiensis, Liaoxitriton daohugouensis) are reported from the late Mesozoic tuff-interbedded lacustrine deposits (mostly of the Jehol Group) in northeastern China. They document the first discovery of Chinese Mesozoic lissamphibians, and their old geological age, superb preservation condition, and large taxoncmic diversity are unique compared with other findings worldwide. The anurans occupy a higher evolutionary position than typical Jurassic taxa, supporting a post-Late Jurassic age of the fossil horizons. The urodeles all have unicapitate ribs, suggesting an evolutionary grade at the cryptobranchoid level, and are advanced in osteological features over non-urodeles from the Middle and Upper Jurassic in England and Central Asia. Some urodeles (Jeholotriton and Chunerpeton) exhibit neot     

On the Lower Cretaceous in Yixian County of Jinzhou City, Western Liaoning, China

Traditionally, the lacustrine deposits in Yixian County of Western Liaoning have been assigned to either “the Dakangpu Bed” of the Yixian Formation or the Jiufotang Formation. However, a 206Pb/238U age of 126.47±0.87 Ma is newly obtained from the tuff sample (06051) of the lacustrine deposits in the Baitaigou fossil site of Potaizi village, Yixian County, indicating that the lacustrine deposits in Potaizi area are approximately equivalent to the Wumingshan volcanics of the Sihetun Bed of the Yixian Formation in Beipiao. From our new dating data have arisen some new problems: Where could we find the Jiufotang Formation in Yixian County? How widely distributed is the Jiufotang Formation in Western Liaoning? Could the traditionally named Jiufotang Formation somewhere in Western Liaoning be the synchronous deposits of other litho-units (e.g. the Yixian Formation) in different facies? Could some lacustrine deposits somewhere in Western Liaoning have been assigned to the Jiufotang Formation?     

辽河油田西部凹陷沙三段沉积相及演化

西部凹陷沙河街组三段沉积厚度很大，分布范围广，是深层储层重要组成部分。根据地球化学、化石组合及生态习性分析，沙三段沉积期处于暖湿气候的较深水还原湖泊环境。主体物源来自西侧，发育了一系列自西而东的扇三角洲砂体。根据沉积背景和岩心描述所建立的沉积层序，可确认这一沉积砂体的主要类型为浅水至较深水环境的水进型扇三角洲沉积，根据扇3角洲的岩性、沉积层序和形态可进一步划分为扇根、扇中和扇端3个亚相带。砂体发育主要受西侧物源控制，发育了多个扇三角洲体系。这些扇三角州砂体邻近生油洼陷，与烃源岩直接接触，有利于油气的优先富集，可形成一系列岩性一构造圈闭，不失为深层油气勘探的有利区带。     

辽宁省喀左县双庙地区古生物化石特征及埋藏环境分析

为了查清喀左县双庙地区古生物化石的种类、数量及确切赋存层位,通过野外地质调查、剖面测量和挖掘发掘坑,在双庙地区中生界采获大量的爬行类、鸟类、鱼类及古植物等化石,对比分析认为,其产出层位为下白垩统九佛堂组一段,埋藏于湖泊相沉积环境。该研究成果丰富了辽西中生代古生物化石资料。     

Features and buried environment analysis of fossils specimens in Shuangmiao region of Kazuo County in Liaoning Province

In order to ascertain the species, quantity and occurrence layers of the fossils specimens in Shuangmiao region of Kazuo County, the authors harvested lots of Mesozoic fossils such as reptiles,birds,fishes and plant species, through geological surveys, section measurements and excavations. According to the comparison between the measured section and typical section, it is concluded that the fossil-bearing stratum is the No.1 Member of Jiufotang Formation, which belongs to the lacustrine facies. This research enriches the Mesozoic fossils data of Western Liaoning Province.     

滇西北兰坪盆地北部上三叠统含盐层位的厘定及其意义

通过野外实测剖面和大量室内岩矿工作,首次指出兰坪盆地上三叠统至少存在2套含盐层位,上含盐层位于三合洞组上段(T3s2),盐类物质以石膏、天青石为主,下含盐层位于三合洞组下段(T3s1),以天青石为主。天青石和石膏均呈中厚层层状产出,与顶底板地层产状一致。不同地区含盐层岩石组合及序列不同,横向上不具有可对比性,提出其并非正常蒸发沉积产物的认识。同时,含盐地层又是盆地内铅锌矿重要的赋矿层位,因此上三叠统含盐建造层序的厘定对深化认识区域铅锌矿床成矿机制、指导盐类矿床和铅锌矿找矿具有重要的意义。     

彰武盆地九佛堂组—沙海组沉积充填特征及盆地演化

通过ZW3井和ZW10井沉积层序对比和I1地震剖面的平衡地质剖面分析,对彰武盆地沉积充填特征和盆地演化进行综合研究。九佛堂组与沙海组在地层叠置关系上存在3种不同叠置样式:萎缩式、一致式和超越式,是由盆地发育过程中右旋扭动造成的。九佛堂下段为盆地伸展拉张背景下的充填,发育大段泥岩和油页岩,反映可容纳空间增大和沉积物供给不足;该段具有较好生油气能力。九佛堂组上段为转换伸展背景下的充填,ZW10井代表的东部区发育大套泥岩,而ZW3井代表的西部区发育一套粗碎屑沉积,反映盆地走滑或者扭动作用的发生;走滑扭动断裂作用使得断陷中形成凸起,分隔了生烃凹陷,而且开始形成下部成藏组合。九佛堂组末期为盆地构造反转期,发生了较大规模构造反转,致使盆地东部边缘区域的九佛堂组上段遭受严重剥蚀。沙海组下段为断陷由伸展到构造扭动背景下的充填,其下部暗色泥岩发育,具有较好生油气能力;上部ZW3井和ZW10井砂岩含量明显增加,反映伴随着沉积物的足量供给与快速进积;构造扭动使盆内凸起再次发育,形成了上部成藏组合。沙海组上段为盆地萎缩背景下的充填,砂体强烈进积,盆地萎缩。沙海组末期盆地再次发生大规模构造反转,沙海组上段地层遭受强烈剥蚀。