科学出版社·地质分社图书推荐《鄂尔多斯盆地致密油勘探理论与技术》

正付金华,教授,博士,享受政府特殊津贴,李四光地质科学奖获得者。长期从事鄂尔多斯盆地油气综合地质及勘探技术应用研究工作,主持和参加国家、中石油科技项目30余项,获"国家科技进步"一等奖2项、二等奖1项,"省部级科技进步奖"30余项。发表SCI、EI收录论文50余篇,出版专著3部。致密油是一种重要的非常规油气资源。中国陆相盆地致密油资源丰富,勘探开发潜力巨大,其中鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7段致密油是陆相盆     

广域电磁法在鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘含油富集区探测中的应用

宁夏固原地区位于鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘,2000年至今利用地震勘探等手段,在侏罗系延安组、三叠系延长组发现了多个含油富集区,油藏类型为构造岩性油藏.但该地区河谷残塬、黄土丘陵广泛分布,地表剥蚀、侵蚀严重,其独特的地质、地貌环境对常规深层油气检测技术带来了挑战,常常出现地震资料采集难度大、成本高、数据品质较差等问题,因此有必要开发利用新的油气探测方法进行深部油气探测.本文利用广域电磁法在鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘含油富集区—宁夏固原地区进行方法应用研究,采用"重磁电三维反演成像解释一体化系统"进行广域电磁法数据处理.获得了地下真实的电性分布,建立了广域视电阻率与目标层的电性关系,精细刻画了研究区内低幅构造与鼻状构造的发育情况以及圈闭特征.在综合研究的基础上,基本查明了测区内延安组地层、延长组地层分布、厚度及构造圈闭等信息,形成了适用于鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘油气勘探的广域电磁数据采集及处理方法.研究表明广域电磁法在该地区可作为优选含油富集区的有效探测手段.     

CEMP在鄂尔多斯西缘前陆盆地应用效果分析

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘前陆盆地属典型的黄土塬地貌,地表黄土切割剧烈,地下地质构造复杂。鉴于电磁阵列剖面(CEMP)法在山前带勘探的方法优势以及在西部多年的勘探成效,对鄂尔多斯盆地西缘及周边地区首次进行了CEMP勘探。实践证明,CEMP法勘探在黄土塬、复杂山区可以获得丰富、可信的地质成果,为查明盆山接触关系、目的层构造形态及预测油气有利区提供重要的依据。     

鄂尔多斯盆地黄土塬地震采集技术进展

鄂尔多斯盆地南部黄土塬地区油气资源丰富,但是受表层复杂黄土地质地貌影响,一度被认为是地震勘探的"禁区".经过几十年来地球物理学者对黄土塬采集方法不断的理论创新与实践验证,已经具备了一套成熟的、适合于黄土塬的地震勘探技术.本文主要是对鄂尔多斯盆地黄土塬目前比较成熟的地震采集技术现状进行介绍,包括:经过多年的实践,已经形成一套成熟的表层结构调查方法开展表层结构精细调查,来指导地震波的逐点激发因素设计;为了确保激发子波的能量和频带,通过"多井组合、基于岩性、含水性"的逐点井深设计;提出的黄土塬沟中弯线法、山地多线法、蛛网状三维、滚动非纵和三维等一系列的高效益、低成本地震观测系统,解决了黄土塬地震勘探的诸多难点问题.最后,对未来黄土塬地震采集技术的发展趋势进行展望.     

中国海域残留盆地油气勘探潜力分析

中国海包括专属经济区和大陆架约为300万平方公里.海域是我国油气资源可持续发展战略中重要组成部分，而其中残留盆地则是“油气二次创业”的主战场.本文从三个角度分析了中国海域的勘探潜力：1）巨大的勘探空间；海域大，新生代盆地及其前新生代残留盆地勘探面积巨大；2）巨大的技术空间，勘探程度及勘探技术水平均明显低于陆上油气区勘探水平；3）巨大的资源空间，海域具有优越的石油地质条件，不但有新生代成油气体系而且有前新生代含油气系统.有21亿吨以上有待发现的资源量.这表明，中国海域具有资源上的巨大潜力有待发掘，勘探前景极为广阔.     

海区前新生代残留盆地油气研究的综合地球物理技术

我国前新生代残留盆地油气资源的巨大潜力已为近年的一些勘探实践所证实,但是仍面临许多技术难题.本文介绍了近年在863计划支持下,针对残留盆地油气勘探难题所研究的一些方法与技术.其中包括针对我国海区残留盆地勘探目标的地震采集技术、基于弯曲射线的复杂构造叠前成像技术和残留盆地残余厚度提取技术等.这些技术已在我国海域进行了试验并取得了一定的成效.     

南祁连盆地重力异常特征及其地质意义

南祁连盆地具有丰富的油气资源,盆地内部坳陷边界、基底深度及内部构造控制着油气资源的分布.为落实南祁连盆地内部坳陷及构造分布,笔者充分利用多年来在研究区及周缘完成的各类勘探资料,以南祁连盆地的重力数据为主,结合相关资料,开展重力数据处理和综合反演解释,分析提取反映深大断裂的重力异常信息,并基于重力异常完成主要坳陷的密度界面深度反演和剖面2.5维反演,推断南祁连主要沉积盆地和坳陷的基底深度及起伏变化,进而综合讨论研究区主要坳陷的油气远景,为南祁连盆地油气资源战略调查和进一步勘探选区提供了依据.     

塔里木盆地前寒武系地层重磁电物性建模及储层激电响应特征

塔里木盆地轮探1井钻遇新元古界上震旦统优质白云岩储层,证实了盆内寒武系盐下白云岩储层为下一步的潜力勘探层系,对拓宽深层、超深层油气勘探领域具有重要意义.本文着重研究塔里木盆地周缘前寒武系地层露头标本,通过分析不同地层、不同岩性标本的密度、磁化率、电阻率、极化率和剩磁特征,建立了前寒武系地层的重、磁、电物性模型,并较全面地完善了盆地自太古宙以来的重磁电物性与地层的关系模型.同时,充分利用前寒武系地层密度、磁性和电性参数,通过多参数交会分析,揭示了古老地层不同岩性标本的重磁电物性响应特性.此外,基于深层已钻井岩心开展含油条件下的复电阻率特征分析,本研究为盆地深层油气非地震勘探提供了岩石物理模型,有助于提高深层重磁电勘探方法的分辨能力,对应用非地震勘探方法进行岩性识别和弄清物性界面特征具有指导意义.     

沉积盆地及其油气评价

石油和天然气资源蕴藏于沉积盆地之中,中国海陆地区共有沉积盆地350个左右,它们有不同的演化历史和复杂多样的特点,同时也制约着中国油气成藏规律,研究沉积盆地并评价其油气性是一项系统工程。这样不仅有助于油气勘探的科学化,预测油气赋存的位置和资源量,而且可以在宏观决策上为油气勘探的全局部署提供科学依据,并随勘探阶段的发展作出及时的具体指导。作为—个整体,首先应综合地质、地球物理的多种资料,阐明沉积盆地的形成演化历史,再对各种地质模型进行动态的定量模拟,然后求得油气评价.这项系统工程必须由多学科紧密配合,共同完成.     

叠后地震属性分析在油气田勘探开发中的应用

地震属性分析技术一直是地震特殊处理和解释的主要研究内容.随着油气勘探开发的发展,地震属性分析技术已经成为油藏地球物理研究的核心内容,是勘探地震与开发地震之间纽带.本文针对鄂尔多斯盆地的低幅度构造、低孔隙、低渗透率、致密性隐蔽油气藏的特点,综合应用相干数据体分析、地震相自动分类定性识别砂体厚度、地震振幅属性分析、频谱分解、多井约束的储层叠后反演等叠后属性分析技术,探索了一套适合该区油气特征的储层横向预测及油气识别模式.为该区油气勘探开发,储量计算提供可靠依据.同时也为隐蔽性油气藏的勘探开发积累了经验.     

阴山造山带及鄂尔多斯盆地北部地区上地壳的地震波属性结构及岩性推断

通过对跨越阴山造山带及鄂尔多斯块体北部的长剖面进行人工源宽角反射/折射地震探测,采集了地震记录中sg震相的走时,并进行了反演,求得了沿剖面辖区的上地壳S波速度结构模型.同时利用P波和S波速度结构求取了剖面沿线上地壳中泊松比的分布.根据所得到的地震波场属性与结构,结合该区已有的地质研究成果和钻孔信息,推断了剖面沿线不同构...     

“Exploring petroleum inside source kitchen”: Shale oil and gas in Sichuan Basin

The Sichuan Basin is rich in shale oil and gas resources, with favorable geological conditions that the other shale reservoirs in China cannot match. Thus, the basin is an ideal option for fully "exploring petroleum inside source kitchen" with respect to onshore shale oil and gas in China. This paper analyzes the characteristics of shale oil and gas resources in the United States and China, and points out that maturity plays an important role in controlling shale oil and gas composition. US shale oil and gas exhibit high proportions of light hydrocarbon and wet gas, whereas Chinese marine and transitional shale gas is mainly dry gas and continental shale oil is generally heavy. A comprehensive geological study of shale oil and gas in the Sichuan Basin reveals findings with respect to the following three aspects. First, there are multiple sets of organic-rich shale reservoirs of three types in the basin, such as the Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation and Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi Formation marine shale, Permian Longtan Formation transitional shale, Triassic Xujiahe Formation lake-swamp shale, and Jurassic lacustrine shale. Marine shale gas enrichment is mainly controlled by four elements: Deep-water shelf facies, moderate thermal evolution, calcium-rich and silicon-rich rock association, and closed roof/floor. Second, the "sweet section" is generally characterized by high total organic carbon, high gas content, large porosity, high brittle minerals content, high formation pressure,and the presence of lamellation/bedding and natural microfractures. Moreover, the "sweet area" is generally characterized by very thick organic-rich shale, moderate thermal evolution, good preservation conditions, and shallow burial depth, which are exemplified by the shale oil and gas in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, Longtan Formation, and Daanzhai Member of the Ziliujing Formation. Third, the marine, transitional, and continental shale oil and gas resources in the Sichuan Basin account for 50%, 25%, and 30% of the respective types of shale oil and gas geological resources in China, with great potential to become the cradle of the shale oil and gas industrial revolution in China. Following the "Conventional Daqing-Oil"(i.e., the Daqing oilfield in the Songliao Basin) and the "Western Daqing-Oil Gas"(i.e., the Changqing oilfield in the Ordos Basin), the Southwest oil and gas field in the Sichuan Basin is expected to be built into a "Sichuan-Chongqing Daqing-Gas" in China.     

鄂尔多斯盆地地质地球物理场特征与地壳结构

根据鄂尔多斯盆地的地质、地球物理场资料,分析了该盆地地质、地球特征场特征,反演计算了地壳深部结构,提供了该盆地油气远景区。     

Detection of gas reservoirs by the joint use of P- and PS-waves: A case study on the Ordos basin, China

We present an example of using converted-waves for characterizing onshore gas reservoirs in the Ordos basin in Northwest China. The Ordos basin is the largest gas province in China. The main gas reservoirs (about 3 300 m in depth) are in upper Paleozoic sandstone that has low or reversed P-wave impedance and is immediately above a coal seam. This makes it very difficult to image the gas reservoirs using conventional P-wave data. Analysis of core, log and VSP data shows a weak PP reflection but a relatively ...     

The radioactive abnormality characteristics of typical regions in Ordos Basin and its geological implications

There are many results of single mineral enrichment characteristic, such as oil, gas, coal and uranium, but little is known about the synergistic research of these important minerals and the study of uranium enrichment features in the deep basin. So, the study on the paragenesis regularity and coexisting relation of many minerals in the basin will promote the integrated forecast and cooperative exploitation of the basin. Based on the plentiful logging data and geological data, this paper studies the distributing feature of higher Gamma abnormality. The analysis on 33 core samples' test results indicates that the increasing of Gamma abnormality is due to the increasing of the uranium element, and the enrichment of uranium is a result of the activation and conglomeration of uranium. On the basis of the recognization of radioactive abnormality and the study about the reality of oil,gas,coal or uranium coexisting in a basin and its mechanism, the paper shows that there is a certain mutual promotion in oil, gas, coal and uranium in the basin, which provides an important theory basis for cooperative exploitation of energy resources.     

The radioactive abnormality characteristics of typical regions in Ordos Basin and its geological implications

There are many results of single mineral enrichment characteristic, such as oil, gas, coal and uranium, but little is known about the synergistic research of these important minerals and the study of uranium enrichment features in the deep basin. So, the study on the paragenesis regularity and coexisting relation of many minerals in the basin will promote the integrated forecast and cooperative exploitation of the basin. Based on the plentiful logging data and geological data, this paper studies the distributing feature of higher Gamma abnormality. The analysis on 33 core samples’ test results indicates that the increasing of Gamma abnormality is due to the increasing of the uranium element, and the enrichment of uranium is a result of the activation and conglomeration of uranium. On the basis of the recognization of radioactive abnormality and the study about the reality of oil,gas,coal or uranium coexisting in a basin and its mechanism, the paper shows that there is a certain mutual promotion in oil, gas, coal and uranium in the basin, which provides an important theory basis for cooperative exploitation of energy resources.     

中国陆域磁性基底深度及其特征

前寒武纪变质基底的起伏变化特征和沉积盖层的厚度变化对研究地质构造、能源和资源勘探具有重要意义.而前寒武纪变质基底与沉积盖层之间通常存在一定的磁性差异,这就为利用航磁资料研究磁性基底深度提供了地球物理条件.本文集合了中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心30多年来编制的中国陆域30多个盆地和地区的磁性基底深度图以及补算的部分地区磁性基底深度,经过统一坐标系、统一比例尺之后编制了1/100万比例尺的中国陆域磁性基底深度图(成图比例尺为1/250万).研究结果表明,以E105°线为界,我国西部地区沉积坳陷区盖层厚度大,集中分布在塔里木盆地、准噶尔盆地、柴达木盆地和西藏地区;东部地区沉积坳陷区盖层厚度整体上相对较薄,主要分布在松辽盆地、二连盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地、华北南部盆地、四川盆地、南黄海—苏北盆地等,但最厚处在四川盆地的西南部和鄂尔多斯盆地西缘.这些研究成果展现了我国前寒武纪变质基底和具有一定规模的岩浆岩侵入岩体的深度变化特征,同时反映了沉积盖层的厚度和赋存现状,可直观了解各种类型的沉积盆地和沉积坳陷区的深度和范围,为寻找基底之上油气藏提供了直接依据.     

鄂尔多斯盆地吴起地区上三叠统长2油层组有利储层分布及控制因素分析

鄂尔多斯盆地吴起地区上三叠统延长组长2油层组为典型的低孔低渗储集层,研究该区优质储集层的分布规律及形成条件,对于该层位油气勘探具有重要意义.本文通过研究岩芯、铸体薄片、储层物性等资料,探讨了储集层的沉积微相特征、岩石类型、孔隙类型、毛管压力特征、成岩作用特点及其对优质储集层的控制作用,表明吴起地区长2油层组主要发育长石岩屑砂岩,粘土质杂基等填隙物普遍发育,长2{的储集层物性最好,非均质性弱,主要孔隙类型为残余粒间孔和粒内溶孔,毛管排驱压力总体较低;沉积微相和后期成岩作用共同控制了优质储集层的分布.     

Crustal structure of the northeastern Tibetan plateau,the Ordos block and the Sichuan basin from ambient noise tomography

We apply ambient noise tomography to significant seismic data resources in a region including the northeastern Tibetan plateau,the Ordos block and the Sichuan basin.The seismic data come from about 160 stations of the provincial broadband digital seismograph networks of China.Ambient noise cross-correlations are performed on the data recorded between 2007 and 2009 and high quality inter-station Rayleigh phase velocity dispersion curves are obtained between periods of 6 s to 35 s.Resulting Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps possess a lateral resolution between 100 km and 200 km.The phase velocities at short periods (20 s) are lower in the Sichuan basin,the northwest segment of the Ordos block and the Weihe graben,and outline sedimentary deposits.At intermediate and long periods (25 s),strong high velocity anomalies are observed within the Ordos block and the Sichuan basin and low phase velocities are imaged in the northeastern Tibetan plateau,reflecting the variation of crustal thickness from the Tibetan plateau to the neighboring regions in the east.Crustal and uppermost mantle shear wave velocities vary strongly between the Tibetan plateau,the Sichuan basin and the Ordos block.The Ordos block and the Sichuan basin are dominated by high shear wave velocities in the crust and uppermost mantle.There is a triangle-shaped low velocity zone located in the northeastern Tibetan plateau,whose width narrows towards the eastern margin of the plateau.No low velocity zone is apparent beneath the Qinling orogen,suggesting that mass may not be able to flow eastward through the boundary between the Ordos block and the Sichuan basin in the crust and uppermost mantle.