单道扫描电感耦合等离子发射光谱的内标元素选择的灰色关联分析再研究(英文)

应用动态灰色模型（ＧＭ）的灰色关联分析（ＧＩＡ）为单道扫描（ＳＣＳ）电感偶合等离子发射光谱（ＩＣＰＯＥＳ）选择内标（ＩＳＴＤ）。经发射强度序列的ＧＩＡ计算和关联度序列优化后,Ｇｅ ２１９．８７ 被指定为内标。应用内标法和无内标法对中华人民共和国标样ＧＢ０７２３２ 的各元素的分析结果的相对百分误差范围分别为：０．８％ ～７．５％ 和２．５％ ～１７．５％ 。变更系数（ＣＶ）范围分别为：０．７％ ～２．９％ 和２．０％ ～５．８％ 。对内标选择与平均关联度的关系,Ｇｅ ２１９．８７ 特征的某些具体问题及统计相关分析与灰色关联分析在内标选择计算中的不可替代性问题,亦进行讨论     

氢化物-原子荧光法测定海水痕量硒及其形态

采用氢化物原子荧光法（ＨＧＡＦＳ） 测定海水痕量硒,并利用ＫＢＨ４ 对Ｓｅ（ Ⅳ） 和Ｓｅ（ Ⅵ） 的还原能力不同,以６ｍｏｌ／ｄｍ３ＨＣｌ 将海水中Ｓｅ（ Ⅵ） 还原为Ｓｅ（ Ⅳ） 再经氢化反应而测定其形态浓度。以正交设计法对ＨＧＡＦＳ法测定硒的实验条件进行优化选择。在佳化条件下本方法测定溶解态硒的检出限为０ ．０７２μｇ／ｄｍ３ ,对１ ．００μｇ／ｄｍ３Ｓｅ 浓度的样品变异系数为±２．３ ％ 。标准曲线表明,在０～２５μｇ／ｄｍ３Ｓｅ 浓度范围内有理想的线性关系。该方法可直接测定海水中的溶解态总硒、Ｓｅ（ Ⅳ） 及Ｓｅ（ Ⅵ） ,回收率为９９ ±２ ％ 。     

正己烷/海水微乳液形成的相图研究

用相图方法研究正己烷／海水微乳液的形成。体系相图由水（或人工海水，盐度分别为０，１３．６９６，３０．０７０和４１．１１８）／油（正己烷）／表面活性剂（ＡＳ，ＣＴＡＢ及ＢＲＩＪ３５）／助表面活性剂（正丁醇）在４０℃时构成。分别研究表面活性剂类型，油及醇含量和海水盐度对微乳液形成的影响。结果表明：醇与表面活性剂的摩尔浓度比值大于１时，最适宜于形成微乳液；形成微乳液区的面积随正己烷含量增加而减少；含离子     

砷酸根的液—固界面交换吸附研究——pH和Ca(Ⅱ)的影响

研究ｐＨ和Ｃａ（Ⅱ）对砷酸根在海水与ＮａＣｌ介质中对水合氧化物和粘土矿物上交换吸附的影响：（１）在酸性条件下和海水及ＮａＣｌ介质中，砷酸根在针铁矿上的交换率Ｅ（％）—ｐＨ曲线呈平顶峰型、在δ－ＭｎＯ呈峰型、在粘土上分别呈双峰型和肩峰型。这是砷酸根存在多种形式与固体表面发生离子／配位子交换以及介质中阴离子竞争交换吸附共同作用的结果。（２）在碱性条件下的海水介质中，砷酸根与水合氧化物和粘土矿物的Ｅ（％）—ｐＨ曲线都呈Ｖ型，这是因为生成了具有一定结构的液—固界面三元络合物之故。（３）在ＮａＣｌ介质中，Ｃａ加入起促进作用，再次证明液—固界面三元络合物生成机理与Ｖ型曲线的内在关系     

脂溶性壳多糖的制备

提出通过甲烷磺酸／酰氯体系低温均相制备乙酰化甲壳质（ＡＣＣ）、己酰化甲壳质（ＨＣＣ）、十二酰化甲壳质（ＤＣＣ）及已酰化Ｎ－苄基甲壳胺（ＮＢＣ），从而获得脂溶性Ｎ－苄基己酰甲壳胺（ＮＢＨＣ）的反应条件，并对各酰化产物在不同溶剂中的溶解性能进行试验。指出：产物ＡＣＣ溶于甲酸中；ＨＣＣ、ＤＣＣ溶于甲酸及乙醇中；ＮＢＨＣ溶于甲酸、乙醇、乙醚、苯及乙酸乙酯中。     

金属离子对牙鲆仔鱼的毒性影响

本文用静水生物实验法进行了Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ金属离子对海洋底栖鱼类牙鲆（Ｐａｒａｌｉｃｈｔｈｙｓｏｌｉｖａｃｅｕｓ）仔鱼的成活影响研究。结果表明：Ｃｕ（２＋）、Ｃｄ（２＋）、Ｚｎ（２＋）、Ｐｂ（２＋）对牙鲆仔鱼２４ｈＬＣ（５０）分别为１．１４、１．５１、４．６８、５．８９ｍｇ／ｄｍ３．４８ｈＬＣ（５０）分别为０．１４、０．８３、０．９９、３．４７ｍｇ／ｄｍ３．７２ｈＬＣ（５０）分别为０．０６、０．３６、０．７１、０．９３ｍｇ／ｄｍ３．９６ｈＬＣ（５０）分别为０．０２、０．１４、０．４３、０．５３ｍｇ／ｄｍ３．Ｃｕ（２＋）对牙鲆仔鱼的毒性最大，Ｐｂ（２＋）的毒性最小．４种金属离子对仔鱼的毒性顺序依次为：Ｃｕ（２＋）＞Ｃｄ（２＋）＞Ｚｎ（２＋）＞Ｐｂ（２＋）．     

海脉冲营养素(HMC)研究——HMC对小鼠免疫功能的影响

研究海脉冲营养素“ＨＭＣ”对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明：小鼠口服ＨＭＣ３００ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ｄ，连续７～１０ｄ，可增加小鼠免疫器官的重量（Ｐ＜０．０５）；提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数（Ｐ＜０．０１）；促进ＰＨＡ刺激的淋巴细胞转化反应（Ｐ＜０．０１）和提高ＡＮＡＥ＋淋巴细胞百分率（Ｐ＜０．０５）；对小鼠血清溶血素和ＰＦＣ数目的生成无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５），对ＨＰＡ和ＣＴＸ引起的免疫抑制有拮抗作用。提示：ＨＭＣ是一种有效的免疫调节剂。     

湄洲湾海域夏秋季溶解铜,镉,镍的分布特征

１９９２年６月湄洲湾海域溶解态Ｃｕ、Ｃｄ、Ｎｉ的含量范围（平均值）分别为０．３７￣３．２７（０．９０）、０．００９￣０．１３３（０．０２６）和０．４３￣１５．２０（２．０８）μｇ／ｄｍ＾３,１０月分别为０．４６￣１．９７（１．０８）、０．０１５￣０．８１（０．０２９）和０４６￣１３．０４（３．１５）μｇ／ｄｍ＾３。６月和１０Ｃｕ、Ｃｄ、Ｎｉ含量分布,除了与夏秋季不同水系消长和潮汐的影响有关外,还与     

珠江口海水密度的研究

用磁力浮沉子密度测量装置,在１５ ～２５ ℃之间的三个温度下测定了珠江口２０ 个水样的密度。结果表明,测定值皆高于相应条件下国际标准海水状态方程的计算值,在海水盐度范围０．０８～３３ ．４４６ ,密度平均偏差范围为２ ．４ ～５４．０ ×１０ － ３ｋｇ／ｍ３ 。测定密度和计算密度的偏差随盐度的降低而增大,与盐度的变化成直线相关：与（Ｃａ２ ＋ ）／Ｓ、ＳＯ４２ － ／Ｓ比和比碱度之间皆呈指数曲线相关。珠江口水样（Ｃａ２ ＋ ）／Ｃ１ 、ＳＯ４２ － ／Ｃ１ 和比碱度平均值分别超出大洋水平均值１７ ．８ ％ 、８ ．２１ ％ 和１５２ ％ ,其余的Ｎａ ＋ ／Ｃ１、Ｋ＋ ／Ｃ１ 和Ｓｒ２ ＋ ／Ｃ１ 比值与大洋水无明显差别,基本类同。珠江口海水的高碱度、高（Ｃａ２ ＋ ）／Ｃ１ 和高ＳＯ４２ － ／Ｃ１ 是造成其海水密度正偏差的主要因素。经计算机拟合,首次导出了珠江口海水密度的状态方程,该方程计算值与实验值的平均标准偏差为±２．５×１０－ ３ｋｇ／ｍ３ 。     

氯化钙－氨吸附／脱附过程传热特性研究

报导采用管式结构的氯化钙－氨吸附／脱附过程传热特性试验台．试验结果表明ＣａＣｌ２对ＮＨ３的吸附／脱附化学反应对ＣａＣｌ２－ＮＨ３介质的传热机理有较大影响．通过建立相应物理模型对ＣａＣｌ２吸附／脱附过程进行了数值分析     

黄丝藻细胞代谢物提取方法的比较研究

利用代谢物组学技术有助于更为深入地了解不分枝丝状微藻黄丝藻细胞的生物学特性。本研究比较了3种黄丝藻细胞破碎方法(冻融法、超声破碎法、液氮研磨法)以及基于气相色谱-质谱联用技术的3种黄丝藻代谢物提取系统(冷甲醇、热乙醇、甲醇/氯仿法),以期为黄丝藻细胞的代谢组学分析奠定基础。结果显示:液氮研磨法处理下的黄丝藻细胞破碎效果最佳;根据提取到的代谢物的种类角度出发,冷甲醇法的提取效果要明显优于其他2种提取方法。在黄丝藻细胞中共检测到40种代谢物,包括9种氨基酸、17种有机酸、12种糖类和2种醇类物质。     

Water flooding of the Oseberg Øst oil field,Norwegian North Sea: Application of formation water chemistry and isotopic composition for production monitoring

This case study demonstrates how natural heterogeneities of formation and injection waters can be applied to a number of production related applications, extending into the mature life of a reservoir. Break-through of injection water, identification and characterisation of production intervals and evaluation of responses to operational events are some of the possible applications during production.The Oseberg Øst oil field in the North Sea represents a complex situation with commingled production from all Brent Group formations. The Sr isotope composition is an excellent parameter for defining the natural baseline of formation water, with a good spatial resolution and vertical stratification. Aquifer water from the Utsira Formation is injected for pressure support, and reinjection of produced water has also been applied since the onset of water production. Utsira Formation water has high Mg, low Ba and low Sr content compared to the reservoir formation waters. Isotopic compositions (δD and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) are also distinct. A non-reactive behaviour of Ba and Sr is verified from binary cross-plots and geochemical modelling. Break-through of injection water could be identified in five production wells based on Ba/Mg ratios. In one of the reservoir compartments (Beta Saddle), water injection points were changed after approximately three years. The Ba/Mg ratio could also identify the second injection water break-through in one of the wells due to an intermediate period of higher formation water content. Since the Sr content in the Utsira water is low, the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio is a good natural tracer for formation water movements even at high ratios of injected water. In particular, the vertical stratification of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr is useful for quantifying production from different intervals in commingled wells. A methodology for using operational events, such as production allocations or shut-ins, for characterisation of production zones is discussed.     

腰英台气田天然气水合物防治

松辽盆地南部长岭断陷腰英台深层构造腰深1井井筒及输气管线发生水合物堵塞现象,分析认为天然气水合物是导致堵塞的原因。天然气水合物是在一定温度和压力条件下由天然气中烃分子与游离水结合而形成。计算出腰深1井水合物添加甲醇的合理量,通过从油管和套管添加甲醇,使该井恢复了正常生产,日产气量（6～12）×10^4m^3。防堵的关键是注入甲醇和连续平稳生产。     

养殖迁移对菲律宾蛤仔挥发性有机物质组成变化的影响

环境条件变化是造成贝类挥发性有机物质(VOCs)组成变化的主要原因。菲律宾蛤仔养殖生产中,常进行从开放式自然滩涂迁移至人工围塘养殖的活动。本文研究了这一过程前后菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)肌肉组织的VOCs组成特征、变化及其与环境因子相关性。结果显示:基于固相微萃取和气质联用技术,共鉴定出52种VOCs,分别属于醛、醇、酯、烃、呋喃、烷烃、烯、芳香烃、含硫和含氮化合物等。迁移前样本中,检出41种化合物,迁移至人工围塘养殖20 d后,检出32种。迁移造成了化合物种类数量降低、种类发生变化。醛、醇类的相对含量最高、迁移前后的变化尤为显著,呈现由醛高醇低的组成逆转为醇高醛低的特点。溶氧是影响VOCs组成变化及其醇、醛类差别的重要因子。饵料生物量、相对丰度和多样性与VOCs的组成具有显著相关性:自然滩涂微型真核生物多样性高但生物量和丰度相对低,人工围塘多样性低但生物量和丰度高,是VOCs组成差异的关键影响因子。本研究建立了贝类VOCs与关键环境因子的直接联系,为进一步解析贝类品质的环境关系、优化和调控养殖环境等研究提供了参考。     

海水养殖珍珠的漂白技术研究

通过对漂白体系中溶剂、表面活性剂、双氧水浓度3个重要参数的优化选择,研究了海水养殖珍珠的漂白技术。首次发现在海水养殖珍珠漂白过程中,以海水为介质漂白效果明显优于用甲醇、乙醇、丙酮和蒸馏水。在以海水为介质的漂白体系中,表面活性剂贝芬家用洗手液使用效果较优,双氧水体积分数为5%,效果最佳。同时探讨了漂白时间对珍珠长麻的影响。     

Life strategies,energetics and growth characteristics of Calanoides carinatus (Copepoda) in the Angola-Benguela frontal region

Rates of daily egg production, moulting and egg hatching success, as well as total lipid content and composition of Calanoides carinatus, were measured in the region of the southern Angola Curre nt SAC), the Angola-Benguela Front (ABF) and the coastal upwelling area of the northern Benguela Current (NBC) system during February–March 2002. There were distinct differences in the vertical distribution, growth characteristics, lipid content and composition of populations in the SAC/ABF and NBC regions, indicative of different physiological states. Whereas in the NBC, C. carinatus was actively growing in response to elevated chlorophyll a levels associated with coastal upwelling, it comprised deep-living C5 copepodids with very large wax ester reseves (c. 40–50% dry mass) and extremely low metabolism in the SAC/ABF, suggesting diapause. This study provides the first data on lipid composition (lipid classes, fatty acids and alcohols) of this copepod in the region; in particular, the diapausing C5 contained high-levels of long-chain, mono-unsaturated fatty acids (23% of all fatty acids) and alcohols (69% of all fatty alcohols) in addition to trophic markers of diatoms, viz. 16:1(n-7) and 20:5(n-3). Based on total lipidcontent, the maximum survival time of the diapausal component of C. carinatus was estimated to be 149–192 days, whereas active surface-dwelling C5s and females could not survive for more than 10 days without feeding.     

Production and characterization of an extracellular polysaccharide of antarctic marine bacteria Pseudoalteromonas sp. S-15-13

1Introduction Antarctica is often viewed as one of earth s lastgreat frontiers. Low temperature, high gradients insalinity, and strong ultraviolet radiation combinedwith lowlight conditions provide inhospitable condi-tions for life. Surviving in these ext…     

Numerical studies of methane production from Class 1 gas hydrate accumulations enhanced with carbon dioxide injection

Class 1 gas hydrate accumulations are characterized by a permeable hydrate-bearing interval overlying a permeable interval with mobile gas, sandwiched between two impermeable intervals. Depressurization-induced dissociation is currently the favored technology for producing gas from Class 1 gas hydrate accumulations. The depressurization production technology requires heat transfer from the surrounding environment to sustain dissociation as the temperature drops toward the hydrate equilibrium point and leaves the reservoir void of gas hydrate. Production of gas hydrate accumulations by exchanging carbon dioxide with methane in the clathrate structure has been demonstrated in laboratory experiments and proposed as a field-scale technology. The carbon dioxide exchange technology has the potential for yielding higher production rates and mechanically stabilizing the reservoir by maintaining hydrate saturations. We used numerical simulation to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of using carbon dioxide injection to enhance the production of methane from Class 1 gas hydrate accumulations. Numerical simulations in this study were primarily concerned with the mechanisms and approaches of carbon dioxide injection to investigate whether methane production could be enhanced through this approach. To avoid excessive simulation execution times, a five-spot well pattern with a 500-m well spacing was approximated using a two-dimensional domain having well boundaries on the vertical sides and impermeable boundaries on the horizontal sides. Impermeable over- and under burden were included to account for heat transfer into the production interval. Simulation results indicate that low injection pressures can be used to reduce secondary hydrate formation and that direct contact of injected carbon dioxide with the methane hydrate present in the formation is limited due to bypass through the higher permeability gas zone.     

浮游植物叶绿素a含量简易测定方法的比较

用乙醇、DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)、丙酮3种不同有机溶剂分别萃取苏州环城河水样中的浮游植物细胞叶绿素a,在分光光度计上测定其叶绿素a含量,试验数据经方差分析、Q检验,结果显示,乙醇法、DMF法的叶绿素a萃取率极显著高于丙酮(F=54.20＞F0.01(2,18)(6.01)).另用这3种萃取方法分别测定无常蓝纤维藻(Dactylococcopsis irregularis )纯培养液叶绿素a含量,通过直线回归,同样证明乙醇法、DMF法重复率较高,稳定性好,萃取率高.从安全、简便、重复性高等方面综合考虑,认为用乙醇萃取法是目前水域环境中浮游植物叶绿素a简易测定的最佳方法.     

深海细菌Pseudomonas sp.bIp-2黑色素生成条件研究及其hppD基因的克隆

从大西洋深海沉积物中分离得到1株产黑色素细菌b Ip-2,16S rRNA基因序列分析表明该菌隶属于假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）,与施氏假单胞菌（P.stutzeri）有最高的16S rRNA基因序列相似性（99%）.进一步对该菌的生长及产黑色素条件进行了初步研究,结果表明b Ip-2在稳定生长期后期才开始大量积累黑色素;b Ip-2可在4～37℃的温度范围下生长,最适生长温度为37℃,在28℃具有最高的黑色素产量;b Ip-2生长的pH范围偏碱性,在p H=7的最适生长条件下黑色素产量最高,同时碱性环境有利于黑色素的快速形成;b Ip-2可以在1%～9%的NaCl浓度范围中生长,在5%的NaCl浓度下具有最高的黑色素产量;低浓度的Fe^2＋（0.05 mmol/dm^3）可以提高黑色素的产量,Fe^2＋浓度≥0.20 mmol/dm^3时明显抑制黑色素的生成,而Fe^2＋浓度为1.00 mmol/dm^3时可完全抑制菌株的生长;低浓度的Cu^2＋（0.1 mmol/dm^3）对黑色素的产量无明显影响,Cu^2＋浓度≥0.5mmol/dm^3时可抑制黑色素的生成,而Cu^2＋浓度超过1.0 mmol/dm^3时可完全抑制菌株的生长.通过PCR扩增获得菌株b Ip-2的对羟苯基丙酮酸双加氧酶（hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase,HPPD）全长基因（1087 bp）,分析发现其编码的HPPD蛋白序列（含361氨基酸）与来自菌株Pseudomonas stutzeri RCH2的HPPD蛋白序列具有最高的同源性（序列相似性为97%）.这些结果为深入研究该细菌所产黑色素的合成,应用及生态作用奠定了基础.