二连盆地北缘晚中生代火山岩Ar-Ar年代、地球化学及构造背景

中国东北二连盆地周缘分布有三组时代不同的晚中生代火山岩,其中早、中期为两套地球化学性质不同的流纹岩,晚期为玄武质火山岩。本文通过测定火山岩基质Ar-Ar同位素年龄,表明早期查干诺尔组流纹岩形成于142Ma,晚期不拉根哈达组基性火山岩形成于129Ma,可见二连盆地北缘晚中生代火山岩时代均为早白垩世。通过对主、微量元素地球化学特征和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成研究,以及与邻区同期满克头鄂博组英安岩和流纹岩、玛尼吐组英安岩、霍林河地区查干诺尔组英安岩、流纹岩对比,认为早期查干诺尔组流纹岩来源于新成下地壳,岩浆演化过程经历了强烈分异作用;中期流纹岩源区为中上地壳或下地壳岩浆经历了上地壳强烈同化混染作用;晚期不拉根哈达组基性火山岩则源于受俯冲洋壳流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔。结合早白垩世区域岩石圈减薄背景,本文认为研究区早白垩世火山岩形成于陆内伸展构造环境。     

Young bimodal volcanism at Medicine Lake volcanic center,northern California

The last 10,000 years of activity at the Medicine Lake volcanic center in northern California is characterized by bimodal mafic and siliceous volcanism. Interflow element variations are complex and exhibit a discontinuity for most elements between 57 and 62 per cent SiO₂. No simple linear or curvilinear element trends exist between the mafic (Modoc) and siliceous (glass) volcanics.The geochemical variation patterns exhibited by volcanic rocks from the Medicine Lake volcanic center preclude any simple model for magma origin involving either varying degrees of melting or of fractional crystallization. A model is tentatively invoked for the andesites and basalts involving ? 35 per cent melting of eclogite (of altered rise tholeiite composition) in a descending slab followed by varying amounts of fractional crystallization and perhaps magma mixing. Up to 20 per cent of shallow fractional crystallization of plagioclase and minor Ti-magnetite seems to be required by the Sr, Eu anomaly, and TiO₂ distributions.Compositional variation and high δO¹⁸ values in most dacite glass flows are best interpreted in terms of a crustal origin involving up to 50 per cent partial melting of average continental crust. Rhyolite glasses may have formed by small degrees of melting (20–30 per cent) of this crust followed by 5–10 per cent of shallow fractional crystallization (removing dominantly plagioclase) or by 40–50 per cent fractional crystallization of a dacite parent (~63 per cent SiO₂) produced in the crust. The shallow fractional crystallization is necessary to explain the low Sr contents and large negative Eu anomalies in the rhyolites. Dacites from the Composite Flow are tentatively interpreted to have formed by shallow mixing of a hybrid magma (composed of varying amounts of andesite and dacite) with rhyolite prior to and during eruption.     

An Early Devonian to Early Carboniferous volcanic arc in North Tianshan,NW China: Geochronological and geochemical evidence from volcanic rocks

The Late Paleozoic volcanic and sedimentary rocks are widespread in the North Tianshan along the north margin of the Yili block. They consist of basalt, basaltic andesite, andesite, trachyandesite, dacite, rhyolite, tuff, and tuffaceous sandstone. According to zircon sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) dating, the age of the Late Paleozoic volcanic rocks in Tulasu basin in western part of North Tianshan is constrained to be Early Devonian to Early Carboniferous (417–356 Ma), rather than Early Carboniferous as accepted previously. Geochemical characteristics of the Early Devonian to Early Carboniferous volcanic rocks are similar to those of arc volcanic rocks, which suggest that these volcanic rocks could be the major constituents of a continental arc formed by the southward subduction of North Tianshan Oceanic lithosphere. Geochemical studies indicate that the magma source of the volcanic rocks might be the mantle wedge mixed with subduction fluid, which is geochemically enriched than primitive mantle but depleted than E-MORB. The calculation shows that the basalt could be formed by ∼10% partial melting of subduction fluid modified mantle wedge. Andesites with high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.7094–0.7104) and negative εNd(t) (−4.45 to −4.79) values reveal the contribution of continental crust to its source. The calculation of assimilation–fractional crystallization (AFC) shows that the fractional crystallization process of the basaltic magma, which was accompanied with assimilation by different degree of continental crust, produced andesite (7–9%), dacite (∼12%) and rhyolite (>20%).     

Ar/Ar age and geochemistry of the post-collisional Miocene Yamadağ volcanics in the Arapkir area (Malatya Province), eastern Anatolia, Turkey

The Neogene Yamadağ volcanics occupy a vast area between Sivas and Malatya in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. These volcanic rocks are characterized by pyroclastics comprising agglomerates, tuffs and some small outcrops of basaltic–andesitic–dacitic rocks, overlain upward by basaltic and dacitic rocks, and finally by basaltic lava flows in the Arapkir area, northern Malatya Province. The basaltic lava flows in the Arapkir area yield a ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age of 15.8 ± 0.2 Ma, whereas the dacitic lava flows give ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages ranging from 17.6 through 14.7 ± 0.1 to 12.2 ± 0.2 Ma, corresponding to the Middle Miocene. These volcanic rocks have subalkaline basaltic, basaltic andesitic; alkaline basaltic trachyandesitic and dacitic chemical compositions. Some special textures, such as spongy-cellular, sieve and embayed textures; oscillatory zoning and glass inclusions in plagioclase phenocrysts; ghost amphiboles and fresh biotite flakes are attributable to disequilibrium crystallization related to magma mixing between coeval magmas. The main solidification processes consist of fractional crystallization and magma mixing which were operative during the soldification of these volcanic rocks. The dacitic rocks are enriched in LILE, LREE and Th, U type HFSE relative to the basaltic rocks. The basaltic rocks also show some marked differences in terms of trace-element and REE geochemistry; namely, the alkaline basaltic trachyandesites have pronounced higher HFSE, MREE and HREE contents relative to the subalkaline basalts. Trace and REE geochemical data reveal the existence of three distinct magma sources – one subalkaline basaltic trachyandesitic, one alkaline basaltic and one dacitic – in the genesis of the Yamadağ volcanics in the Arapkir region. The subalkaline basaltic and alkaline basaltic trachyandesitic magmas were derived from an E-MORB type enriched mantle source with a relatively high- and low-degree partial melting, respectively. The magmatic melt of dacitic rocks seem to be derived from an OIB-type enriched lithospheric mantle with a low proportion of partial melting. The enriched lithospheric mantle source reflect the metasomatism induced by earlier subduction-derived fluids. All these coeval magmas were generated in a post-collisional extensional geodynamic setting in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey.     

Geochemical constraints on the origin of mafic and silicic magmas at Cordón El Guadal, Tatara-San Pedro Complex, central Chile

The aim of this study is to quantify the crustal differentiation processes and sources responsible for the origin of basaltic to dacitic volcanic rocks present on Cordón El Guadal in the Tatara-San Pedro Complex (TSPC). This suite is important for understanding the origin of evolved magmas in the southern Andes because it exhibits the widest compositional range of any unconformity-bound sequence of lavas in the TSPC. Major element, trace element, and Sr-isotopic data for the Guadal volcanic rocks provide evidence for complex crustal magmatic histories involving up to six differentiation mechanisms. The petrogenetic processes for andesitic and dacitic lavas containing undercooled inclusions of basaltic andesitic and andesitic magma include: (1) assimilation of garnet-bearing, possibly mafic lower continental crust by primary mantle-derived basaltic magmas; (2) fractionation of olivine + clinopyroxene + Ca-rich plagioclase + Fe-oxides in present non-modal proportions from basaltic magmas at ∼4–8 kbar to produce high-Al basalt and basaltic andesitic magmas; (3) vapor-undersaturated (i.e., P _H2O<P _TOTAL) partial melting of gabbroic crustal rocks at ∼3–7 kbar to produce dacitic magmas; (4) crystallization of plagioclase-rich phenocryst assemblages from dacitic magmas in shallow reservoirs; (5) intrusion of basaltic andesitic magmas into shallow reservoirs containing crystal-rich dacitic magmas and subsequent mixing to produce hybrid basaltic andesitic and andesitic magmas; and (6)␣formation and disaggregation of undercooled basaltic andesitic and andesitic inclusions during eruption from shallow chambers to form commingled, mafic inclusion-bearing andesitic and dacitic lavas flows. Collectively, the geochemical and petrographic features of the Guadal volcanic rocks are interpreted to reflect the development of shallow silicic reservoirs within a region characterized by high crustal temperatures due to focused basaltic activity and high magma supply rates. On the periphery of the silicic system where magma supply rates and crustal temperatures were lower, cooling and crystallization were more important than bulk crustal melting or assimilation. Received: 2 July 1997 / Accepted: 25 November 1997     

川西新元古代双峰式火山岩成因的微量元素和Sm-Nd同位素制约及其大地构造意义

系统的微量元素和Sm-Nd同位素分析表明,川西地区早震旦世苏雄组双峰式火山岩中的大多数玄武岩具有高的正ε_Nd(T)值(+5～+6)、大离子亲石元素和LREE富集,与现代典型的洋岛玄武岩和大陆溢流玄武岩省中的碱性玄武岩有非常相似的地球化学和同位素组成特征。酸性火山岩的ε_Nd(T)值较低(+1.1～+2.6),地球化学特征总体上与A₂-型花岗岩相似,它们是受地壳混染的OIB型玄武质岩浆在地壳中部的一个“双扩散”岩浆房通过结晶分异形成的。苏雄组双峰式火山岩形成于典型的大陆裂谷环境,非常类似于现代与地幔柱活动有关的高火山活动型裂谷火山岩,扬子块体西缘 800Ma前的裂谷作用和火山活动应是约825Ma前的华南地幔柱活动引发的结果。     

Geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic characteristics of Murgul (Artvin) volcanic rocks in the Eastern Black Sea Region (Northeast Turkey)

The studied volcanic rocks are footwall and hanging wall dacites from the Murgul mine and the surrounding area. Moreover, the hanging wall dacites contain enclaves. Footwall dacite contains biotite, whereas hanging wall dacitic rocks contain hornblende as a ferromagnesian mineral. The enclaves in the hanging wall dacite have sizes that range from 1 cm to 20 cm and contain hornblende as a ferromagnesian mineral. The volcanic rocks show tholeiitic and transitional affinities. They are rich in large ion lithophile element and light rare earth element with pronounced depletion of high field strength elements. The chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns (La_N/Lu_N = 1.47–5.12) show low to medium enrichment, which reveal that the rocks were obtained from similar sources in Murgul volcanic rocks. The initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values range from 0.70442 to 0.70525, and the initial ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd values range from 0.512741 to 0.512770. The main solidification processes involved in the evolution of the volcanic rocks consist of fractional crystallization with minor amounts of crustal contamination and magma mixing. All geochemical data support that these rocks originated from andesitic magma, and that the parental magma of the rocks were probably derived from an enriched upper mantle, previously modified by subduction-induced metasomatism in a geodynamic setting.     

Intra-continental back-arc basin inversion and Late Carboniferous magmatism in Eastern Tianshan,NW China: Constraints from the Shaquanzi magmatic suite

The Yamansu belt,an important tectonic component of Eastern Tianshan Mountains,of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt,NW China hosts many Fe-(Cu)deposit.In this study,we present new zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemical data of the volcanic rocks of Shaquanzi Formation and diorite intrusions in the Yamansu belt.The Shaquanzi Formation comprises mainly basalt,andesite/andesitic tuff,rhyolite and sub-volcanic diabase with local diorite intrusions.The volcanic rocks and diorites contain ca.315-305 Ma and ca.298 Ma zircons respectively.These rocks show calc-alkaline affinity with enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements(LILEs),light rare-earth elements(LREEs),and depletion in high field strength elements(HFSEs)in primitive mantle normalized multi-element diagrams,which resemble typical back-arc basin rocks.They show depleted mantle signature with ε_(Nd)(t)ranging from+3.1 to +5.6 for basalt;+2.1 to+4.7 for andesite;-0.2 to+1.5 for rhyolite and the ε_(Hf)(t)ranges from-0.1 to +13.0 for andesites;+5.8 to +10.7 for andesitic tuffs.We suggest that the Shaquanzi Formation basalt might have originated from a depleted,metasomatized lithospheric mantle source mixed with minor(3-5%)subduction-derived materials,whereas the andesite and rhyolite could be fractional crystallization products of the basaltic magma.The Shaquanzi Formation volcanic rocks could have formed in an intracontinental back-arc basin setting,probably via the southward subduction of the Kangguer Ocean beneath the Middle Tianshan Massif.The Yamansu mineralization belt might have undergone a continental arc to back-arc basin transition during the Late Carboniferous and the intra-continental back-arc basin might have closed in the Early Permian,marked by the emplacement of dioritic magma in the Shaquanzi belt.     

赣东北婺源-德兴地区新元古代浅变质火山岩的地球化学和锆石U-Pb年龄

赣东北婺源-德兴地区新元古代地层中浅变质火山岩主要由变质玄武岩、英安岩和流纹岩组成.全岩地球化学分析表明浅变质玄武岩具有拉斑玄武岩的地球化学特征,起源于尖晶石辉橄岩低度部分熔融,英安岩岩浆起源于壳源杂砂岩部分熔融,流纹岩可能为英安质岩浆结晶分异的产物.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年揭示婺源浅变质英安岩形成于861±8Ma,德兴张村西浅变质流纹岩形成于860±3Ma,铜厂铜矿矿区凝灰质板岩形成于860±6Ma,均为早新元古代Tonian期.同时这些定年样品中保存了2.8 ～2.5Ga、2.0～1.7Ga和～1.0Ga的继承或捕获锆石记录.结合浅变质玄武岩和英安质火山岩的地球化学特征和成因,这套岩石最有可能形成于新元古代早期安第斯型活动大陆边缘弧后盆地构造背景.     

藏东日扎山一带马拉松多组流纹岩年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

为确定藏东日扎山一带马拉松多组流纹岩的形成时代及成岩构造环境,探讨古特提斯洋闭合时间,应用LA-ICP-MS方法对其进行锆石U-Pb精确定年,并开展岩石学和地球化学研究。结果表明,该区流纹岩岩浆锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为244±1.2Ma,较精确地限定了马拉松多组流纹岩的形成时代,为中三叠世早期。岩相学及地球化学研究结果显示,马拉松多组流纹岩具高硅(Si O_2=72.72%～76.88%),富碱((K_2O+Na_2O)=6.64%～7.41%,K_2ONa_2O),过铝质(Al_2O_3=11.76%～13.03%,A/CNK=1.17～1.31)特征;岩石富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb,高场强元素Th、U,而亏损大离子亲石元素Sr和Ba,高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Zr、Hf、Ti等;稀土元素配分模式表现出轻稀土元素富集(LREE/HREE=1.93～2.89),轻稀土元素分馏程度稍高于重稀土元素的右倾V字形分布模式,具有明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0.36～0.41);其成因可能与幔源岩浆的底侵和加厚地壳的减薄有关,是幔源基性岩浆底侵导致地壳物质脱水发生部分熔融的产物,即主要是陆壳和硅铝质源岩部分熔融形成的,岩浆在上升过程中经历了结晶分异作用。其化学性质具有S型向A型流纹岩演化的趋势,以及同碰撞弧火山岩与碰撞后A型流纹岩的双重特性。综合研究认为,研究区在早中三叠世处于弧-陆碰撞后活动大陆边缘短暂的后造山伸展构造环境,古特提斯洋(金沙江洋)在此之前已经闭合。     

Geochemical and geochronological study of the Sanshui basin bimodal volcanic rock suite,China: Implications for basin dynamics in southeastern China

Sanshui basin is one of the typical Mesozoic–Cenozoic intra-continental rift basins with voluminous Cenozoic volcanic rocks in southeastern China. Thirteen cycles of volcanic eruptions and two dominant types of volcanic rocks, basalt and trachyte–rhyolite, have been identified within the basin. Both basalt and trachyte–rhyolite members of this bimodal suit have high values of εNd (+2.3 to +6.2) and different Sr isotopic compositions (initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios are 0.70461–0.70625 and 0.70688–0.71266 for basalts and trachyte–rhyolite, respectively), reflecting distinct magma evolution processes or different magma sources. The results presented in this study indicate that both of the trachyte–rhyolite and basaltic magmas were derived from similar independent primitive mantle, but experienced different evolution processes. The trachyte-rhyolitic magma experienced significant clinopyroxene and plagioclase fractionational crystallization from deeper magma chamber with significant crustal contamination, while the basaltic magmas experienced significant olivine and clinopyroxene fractionational crystallization in shallower magma chamber with minor crustal contamination. New zircon U–Pb dating confirms an initial volcanic eruption at 60 Ma and the last activity at 43 Ma. Geologic, geochemical, and geochronological data suggest that the inception of the Sanshui basin was resulted from upwelling of a mantle plume. The Sanshui basin widened due to subsequent east–west extension and the subsequent volcanism constantly occurred in the center of the basin. Evidence also supports a temporal and spatial association with other rift basins in southeastern China. The upwelling mantle plume became more active during late Cenozoic time and most likely triggered opening of other basins, including the young South China Sea basin.     

江西德兴银山火山岩-次火山岩 带状岩浆房初步研究

银山地区火山岩－次火山岩由流纹岩、流纹英安斑岩、英安质熔岩、英安斑岩和粗面安山斑岩组成,喷发和侵入存在着反序特征．通过各种物理化学方法确定了岩浆房中存在的化学成分和温度、密度、粘度梯度．建立了以英安质岩浆为主,顶部有一层富ＳｉＯ２、富Ｋ的流纹质岩浆,底部为少量粗面安山质岩浆的带状岩浆房．岩浆演化及带状岩浆房的形成是分离结晶、同化混染、岩浆对流和边界层机制共同作用的结果．     

长白山上新世以来玄武岩成分演变规律及其成因

火山岩成分的多样性是岩浆物理和化学过程在其产生、运移、存储和喷发过程中的综合反映。长白山火山区自上新世以来喷发了大量的玄武质火山岩,其成分变化范围较大(Mg O 3.2%~7.8%)。以往研究认为其成分的变化主要受地幔不均一、部分熔融程度和分离结晶的影响,没有明显地壳混染。本研究发现这些玄武岩经历了不同程度的上、下地壳的混染。同时,结合火山岩的年龄发现玄武岩地球化学成分和同位素比值随时间呈现脉动式的变化。根据87Sr/86Sr和Mg O的突变点可以分为3段:5~2Ma,2~1Ma,1~0Ma。通过定性和定量的模拟发现地幔不均一性和部分熔融程度差异造成玄武岩成分的变化有限,而分离结晶、地壳混染和岩浆补给的岩浆作用是形成玄武岩成分随时间脉动变化的主要原因。并结合能量约束-补给-混染-分离结晶算法(ECRAFC)模拟得出以下结论:天池和望天鹅喷发中心的玄武质岩浆最初都存储于同一下地壳岩浆房,可能由于上地壳构造差异导致岩浆迁移路径和存储区不同;长白山岩浆房迁移有从5~2Ma阶段由下地壳向上地壳逐渐变浅,2~1Ma阶段由上地壳向下地壳快速变深的规律,而1~0Ma阶段的玄武岩由岩浆从下地壳直接快速喷出地表形成;长白山玄武质岩浆的活动与本区的构造断裂活动密切的关系,5Ma以来,火山岩成分随时间的周期性波动可能与本区构造应力的周期性的强拉张-弱拉张过程有关。     

Carboniferous Bimodal Volcanic Rocks and Their Plate Tectonic Setting,Hainan Island

The Carboniferous volcanic rocks in western Hainan Island consist of a series of oceanic tholeite and rhyoporphyrite,showing bimodal nature.Similar geochemical characters,in terms of abun-daces and relative rations of incompatible elements and REE and the REE patterns,between the basalt and continental rift-associated tholeiite indicate the occurrence of Late Paleozoic rifting in the area.The basaltic magma,with a low degree of evolution,was originated from deep mantle,show-ing contamination by low crustal material.The rhyolite is thought to be formed from partial melting of the continental crust by higher thermal flow in a rift environment rather than from fractional crystallization of a basaltic magma.     

内蒙古科尔沁右翼前旗地区满克头鄂博组火山岩年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

对内蒙古科尔沁右翼前旗地区满克头鄂博组火山岩的形成时代与地球化学特征进行了研究。对2件典型流纹岩样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,结果分别为145.9±1.0 Ma和146.0±1.3 Ma,为晚侏罗世。该区满克头鄂博组火山岩属于过铝质、高钾钙碱性系列,具有高Si O2(63.28%～77.40%,平均为71.06%)、高全碱(K2O+Na2O)含量(7.52%～10.14%,平均为8.66%),富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、P等特征,显示出壳源岩浆的典型特征。满克头鄂博组流纹质和粗面岩在主微量元素上具有良好的演化趋势,推测是壳源物质部分熔融之后,经历了不同程度的分离结晶作用后喷发形成。同时,该组火山岩具有造山后岩浆作用地球化学特征,结合大兴安岭地区满克头鄂博组时空分布上存在自西南向东北年龄逐渐变新的特点,认为该期火山作用与蒙古-鄂霍次克缝合带闭合后伸展作用密切相关。     

Adakite-like volcanism of Ecuador: lower crust magmatic evolution and recycling

In the Northern Andes of Ecuador, a broad Quaternary volcanic arc with significant across-arc geochemical changes sits upon continental crust consisting of accreted oceanic and continental terranes. Quaternary volcanic centers occur, from west to east, along the Western Cordillera (frontal arc), in the Inter-Andean Depression and along the Eastern Cordillera (main arc), and in the Sub-Andean Zone (back-arc). The adakite-like signatures of the frontal and main arc volcanoes have been interpreted either as the result of slab melting plus subsequent slab melt–mantle interactions or of lower crustal melting, fractional crystallization, and assimilation processes. In this paper, we present petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic (Sr, Nd, Pb) data on dominantly andesitic to dacitic volcanic rocks as well as crustal xenolith and cumulate samples from five volcanic centers (Pululagua, Pichincha, Ilalo, Chacana, Sumaco) forming a NW–SE transect at about 0° latitude and encompassing the frontal (Pululagua, Pichincha), main (Ilalo, Chacana), and back-arc (Sumaco) chains. All rocks display typical subduction-related geochemical signatures, such as Nb and Ta negative anomalies and LILE enrichment. They show a relative depletion of fluid-mobile elements and a general increase in incompatible elements from the front to the back-arc suggesting derivation from progressively lower degrees of partial melting of the mantle wedge induced by decreasing amounts of fluids released from the slab. We observe widespread petrographic evidence of interaction of primary melts with mafic xenoliths as well as with clinopyroxene- and/or amphibole-bearing cumulates and of magma mixing at all frontal and main arc volcanic centers. Within each volcanic center, rocks display correlations between evolution indices and radiogenic isotopes, although absolute variations of radiogenic isotopes are small and their values are overall rather primitive (e.g., ε_Nd = +1.5 to +6, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.7040–0.70435). Rare earth element patterns are characterized by variably fractionated light to heavy REE (La/Yb_N = 5.7–34) and by the absence of Eu negative anomalies suggesting evolution of these rocks with limited plagioclase fractionation. We interpret the petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic data as indicating open-system evolution at all volcanic centers characterized by fractional crystallization and magma mixing processes at different lower- to mid-crustal levels as well as by assimilation of mafic lower crust and/or its partial melts. Thus, we propose that the adakite-like signatures of Ecuadorian rocks (e.g., high Sr/Y and La/Yb values) are primarily the result of lower- to mid-crustal processing of mantle-derived melts, rather than of slab melts and slab melt–mantle interactions. The isotopic signatures of the least evolved adakite-like rocks of the active and recent volcanoes are the same as those of Tertiary ”normal” calc-alkaline magmatic rocks of Ecuador suggesting that the source of the magma did not change through time. What changed was the depth of magmatic evolution, probably as a consequence of increased compression induced by the stronger coupling between the subducting and overriding plates associated with subduction of the aseismic Carnegie Ridge.     

西藏边坝地区早白垩世火山岩年代学、地球化学及其大地构造意义

白垩纪是班公湖-怒江洋演化的重要构造转折期,该时期火山岩对于研究古大洋的构造演化具有重要意义。本文对西藏边坝地区早白垩世火山岩进行了岩相学、年代学和地球化学研究,结果表明,该套火山岩由底到顶,主要为玄武安山岩、安山岩、英安岩和流纹岩,锆石U-Pb年龄为116~120 Ma。中基性火山岩SiO₂为54.07%~62.63%,Mg^#为48~67,SiO₂-Mg^#显示良好线性关系;酸性火山岩SiO₂为72.64%~75.41%,Mg^#为40~50。火山岩样品相对富集轻稀土元素、亏损重稀土元素,富集K、Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素,CaO-δEu和SiO₂-Na₂O没有明显线性关系。因此,西藏边坝地区火山岩应形成于班公湖-怒江洋盆南向俯冲活动大陆边缘环境,中基性火山岩与酸性火山岩岩浆源区不同。在班公湖-怒江洋萎缩关闭早期,板块俯冲流体交代古老岩石圈地幔发生部分熔融,镁铁质矿物分离结晶而产生中基性火山岩;晚期则发生地壳部分熔融形成酸性火山岩。     

西秦岭月照-琵琶寺地区火山岩地球化学特征及地质意义

月照-琵琶寺地区的变质火山岩出露于甘肃武都县境内,夹在泥盆系和前震旦碧口群地层之间.按地球化学分类,火山岩可划分为双峰式和碱性两个系列.双峰式火山岩系由低K富Na拉斑玄武岩和酸性英安岩、流纹岩组成.该玄武岩具有类似MORB的微量元素特征,平坦的稀土配分模式,但富Th贫Nb显示其受到陆壳混染的影响.该套火山岩总体特征指示其为大陆裂谷向成熟洋盆转化阶段的产物,从而推测本区火山岩可能为勉略古洋盆西延的分支产物.     

内蒙古正蓝旗地区中生代火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄与板内伸展环境成因讨论

内蒙古东南部正蓝旗地区中生代火山岩广泛出露,岩性主要包括流纹岩、粗面岩、碎斑熔岩、熔结凝灰岩以及黑曜岩等,以碎斑熔岩发育为显著特征。本次研究测得流纹岩、霏细质碎斑熔岩及熔结凝灰岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(141.4±0.7)Ma、(141.6±0.6)Ma和(139.4±0.7)Ma,三者在误差范围内一致,表明研究区火山活动(从溢流、爆发到侵出)持续的时间很短,时代为早白垩世早期,属张家口组。除个别样品,正蓝旗地区晚期侵出的碎斑熔岩与早期溢流相的流纹岩、粗面岩在地球化学特征上极为一致,均为富硅富钾,贫Ca、Mg和Al,属粗面岩-流纹岩组合,部分样品具有碱性流纹岩的特征;富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,而强烈亏损Ba、Sr、Ti、P;轻稀土元素(LREE)富集,Eu强烈亏损,轻、重稀土元素分馏较强(LaN/YbN主要介于6.87~42.74)。碎斑熔岩体相较于早期熔岩更加富硅贫碱,表明流纹岩-粗面岩喷溢之后,岩浆房中剩余岩浆又经过一定程度的分异,向更为富硅贫碱方向演化之后侵出地表。正蓝旗地区火山岩具有A型花岗岩的特征,为A_1型为主,A_1—A_2过渡的地球化学特征。碎斑熔岩体与流纹岩-粗面岩的Nb/Ta介于10.46~24.02,在地壳和地幔岩浆Nb/Ta比值之间;Y/Nb、Ti/Yb、Ti/Zr均体现出壳幔混合的特点;Rb/Sr介于0.61~64.51,为壳源特征。因此,研究区火山岩是造山后向板内非造山转换并以板内非造山为主的伸展环境下,经较为强烈地幔物质改造的下地壳部分熔融的产物。     

滇西北碰撞型火山岩的地球化学特征

滇西北地区碰撞造山带中出露两个火山岩系，即中三叠世攀天阁组和晚三叠世崔依比组。对其地球化学研究表明：攀天阁组由酸性火山岩组成，来源于陆壳，是在陆－陆对接碰撞时期受强烈挤压促使壳发生深熔作用形成的；崔依比组是“双峰式”（玄武岩－流纹岩）火山岩特征，来源于亏损地幔，是碰撞后拉伸，由于深部的张裂促使地幔发生局部熔融生成原始岩浆，经结晶分离作用，在上升过程中有陆壳物质混染的情况下，以玄武岩和流纹岩相互交替