地震监测数据实时传输与汇聚系统

地震监测数据实时传输与汇聚是实现我国地震观测系统数据汇集处理工程化、运维管理智能化以及地震监测服务体系现代化的基础.新升级研发的地震监测数据实时传输与汇聚系统实现了地震监测数据的实时波形数据流服务,其具有丰富的适配器用于汇集地震监测台站或数据中心的实时地震波形或触发信息数据流.新系统支持快流/慢流混合传输和预警数据低延...     

青海省新增地震台波形数据质量评价

为了进一步提升青藏高原地震监测能力,中国地震局在青海、西藏和新疆3个地区建设地震台站。为确保高质量产出地震数据,以青海地区新增16个地震台站为例,围绕观测数据的完整性和可靠性,基于数据连续率、台基噪声水平和事件波形记录质量,对地震观测数据质量进行评价,结果发现：青海地区新增地震台站观测环境较好,总体运行稳定,数据连续率较高,适合进行宽频带数字地震观测;地震台站空间分布更加均匀,青海省中西部地区理论地震监测能力从约M_S 4.5提升到M_S 2.0,地震监测能力提升。本项工作的开展,为我国青藏高原地震监测能力提升提供了业务化支撑。     

物联网MQTT协议在地震波形实时传输中的应用

针对密集观测中台站实时波形数据汇集的应用需求,提出基于物联网MQTT协议,具备登录安全认证和波形数据传输加密的地震波形实时汇集方案.研发了地震数据采集器中基于MQTT协议的地震波形数据传输软件和云服务端的数据汇集软件.基于云服务器和通用MQTT服务器进行了基于MQTT协议的实时波形数据汇集实验,实验结果表明可利用物联网和云平台实现地震观测数据实时汇集与处理.     

地震台站基础信息完善及应用分析

地震台站作为地震系统基础单元,是设置地震监测设施并开展地震监测的基层机构,完备的地震监测设施和良好的地震观测环境是地震观测的基础。掌握完整、准确的地震台站基础信息是做好地震台站管理的关键。由于观测手段更新、观测环境变迁和建设条件差异的原因,投入运行后的地震台站基础信息与规划设计有偏差,一定程度上影响地震观测数据的准确性和有效性。本文论述了地震台站基础信息完善的意义,通过实例说明准确、有效的地震台站基础信息,在地震观测干扰排查、观测环境保护和台站升级改造方面的应用,旨在引起行业重视地震台站基础信息的收集、管理和应用,进而确保地震观测数据科学有效。     

序言

地震台阵是为监测微弱地震信号而发展起来的一种地震观测系统。特别是近 2 0年来 ,随着地震观测技术、电子技术、通讯技术和计算机技术的飞跃进步 ,地震台阵又有了更快更新的发展 ,在全球范围内逐步形成了多种台阵广泛分布的局面。当前 ,地震台阵已成为全球地震活动监测网的重要组成部分。地震台阵观测系统 ,采用独特的地震数据处理方法 ,将台阵内若干子台的数据汇聚在一起 ,以达到压低干扰背景 (如地面噪声 ) ,提高信噪比 ,突出地震信号 ,从而获得比单一地震台站更强 (数倍于单一地震台站 )的地震检测能力 ,是一种先进的地震观测技术。通过…     

大容量地震数据存储器及其应用

1　地震数据存储器的功能近年来,我国的数字地震观测技术和设备有了很大发展,特别是通过实施“八五”国家科技攻关项目,全面系统地研制出一批数字地震观测所需的仪器设备和软件,并正在“九五”项目中发挥重要作用。在实施的“九五”项目中,地震数据的记录和存储主要以实时传输记录和小容量的FRAM内存为主(庄灿涛等,1995),这样的记录存储方式对不一定必须实时分析数据的研究工作,例如,大数量子台的台阵观测,流动观测,勘址观测就显得既费用高又不方便,对于这类工作,实时传输记录并不是优选的记录和存储方式。从目前数字地震观测技术发展看,…     

地震观测环境调查评估及监控

地震观测数据的准确性和连续性,不仅取决于观测仪器、观测方法和观测技术水平,在很大程度上还依赖于良好的地震观测环境。客观、全面地对地震台站的观测环境进行调查评估,并建立地震观测环境监控体系,对于观测数据的质量控制、地震预报水平的提高和地震行政执法均具有重要意义。     

地震观测数据平台体系架构研究

随着中国地震观测网络项目的实施,我国建设了现代化的地震综合观测系统,日产出数据约40GB.如何对地震观测数据进行规划,实现有效的存储和管理,建设完善的数据管理体系,为地震观测业务系统的持续发展和新业务拓展提供支撑,发挥地震观测数据的效益,使之能更好地为国民经济建设服务,已成为地震观测数据系统建设的关键.本文基于我国地震观测系统现状,结合地震观测台网的组织结构和数据分布、产出特点,阐述了地震观测数据汇聚、存储、交换和服务模式,探讨了我国地震观测数据平台的架构体系.     

基于IPv6的地震观测网络模型探讨

地震台站的数据共享和安全访问是基于IPv4的地震观测网络系统急需解决的关键技术问题,由于IPv4的地址局限,缺乏安全认证和数据加密措施,现有的地震观测网络系统建立在私有IP地址的行业局域网,只能实现基于台网级的数据共享访问。下一代互联网IPv6协议取代IPv4是必然趋势,本研究以实现台站级数据访问为目标,构建在IPv6网络环境下地震观测网络系统的安全组网模型,同时针对现有观测系统的特点,探讨IPv4地震观测系统过渡到IPv6的系统模型,为下一步IPv6技术在地震行业的推广应用打下基础。     

“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”技术系统建设及其对汶川大地震研究的数据支撑

“十五”期间中国地震观测系统得到了迅速的发展, 中国地震局地球物理研究所于2007年底完成“中国数字地震观测网络”项目“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”技术系统的建设.该数据备份中心可以准实时地接收并存储全国1000多个固定地震台站的信号,具备海量数据校验、数据格式转换、以用户定制方式截取地震事件波形数据和数据网络下载的功能.到目前为止,已累计为国内10多个科研单位开展的70多项研究提供了近70TB海量波形数据的服务,特别在快速开展的汶川特大地震震后相关研究中提供了重要的数据支撑和保障作用.本文介绍了“国家数字测震台网数据备份中心”技术系统建设、汶川特大地震数据服务快速响应、大地震快速响应波形数据自动截取系统建设,以及对地震学及相关科学研究的数据支持情况.     

SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Distribution of throughfall and stemflow in multi‐strata agroforestry,perennial monoculture,fallow and primary forest in central Amazonia,Brazil

The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Anthropogenic Eutrophication and Red Tide Outbreak in Lacustrine Systems of the Kashmir Himalaya

Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate.