苏南及沿江地区柏山组,下蜀组的时代及成因

柏山组与下蜀组是江苏西南部丘陵山区的两个岩石地层单位,也是第四纪特定气候环境下形成的两类土状堆积。经与平原区第四纪地层对比,柏山组的层位与平原区的海门组上段至启东组下段相当,沉积时代为早更新世晚期到中更新世早期;下蜀组与平原区的启东组至湖组相当。沉积时代为中更新世晚期至晚更新世。柏山组网纹红土是早期干凉气候环境下堆积的黄土,经后期强烈湿热、氧化及流水冲刷后的产物,成因以洪冲积为主;下蜀组黄土是干凉气候环境下的产物,是风尘物质经流水改造后的产物,具多成因特点。     

江苏句容地区早石炭世大塘期高骊山组沉积类型与层序特征

江苏句容高骊山是早石炭世大塘期高骊山组出露较好的剖面。通过野外观测和镜下分析研究,显示高骊山组主要发育泥岩、硅质岩和砂岩。岩性组合显示高骊山组由4 个岩性段组成: ①粉砂岩段、②页岩段、③硅质岩和页岩互层段和④砂岩段。沉积类型分析显示,高骊山组主要发育滨海沉积、浅海--半深海沉积和三角洲沉积,可进一步识别出滨海泻湖、深水陆棚、三角洲前缘和三角洲平原等4 种亚相,泻湖泥质沉积、深水泥质沉积和硅质沉积、间湾、水下河道、朵叶间、分流河道和河道间等7 种沉积微相,以发育深水硅质沉积为特色。根据岩性和岩相变化,高骊山组是一个完整的三级沉积层序。该层序由低位体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域组成。相对海平面变化分析显示,研究区在高骊山时期经历了一个三级海平面升降过程,控制了三级层序的发育。根据沉积构造分析,高骊山时期为挤压背景下的弧后前陆沉积。     

合肥盆地烃源岩有机质热演化历史分析

利用镜质体反射率资料及其定量恢复的合肥盆地的古地温结合伊利石结晶度测定系统研究了盆地石炭-二叠系以来的热演化史,在此基础上分析了石炭-二叠系、下侏罗系、中上侏罗系、白垩系、古近系的烃源岩有机质的热演化程度及热演化史,结果表明合肥盆地C-P系呈现为高成熟阶段,并在下侏罗统沉积之后开始进入生油门限,在上侏罗统沉积后地温曾达245℃,而在白垩纪中期(朱巷组沉积后)最大古地温度达到过305℃指示进入了过成熟阶段。下侏罗统防虎山组Ro值和伊利石结晶度也显示了较高的热演化程度,在中侏罗统沉积后开始进入生油门限,在早白垩世朱巷组沉积后达到了最高的热演化程度,最大古地温达260℃。中-上侏罗统随着下白垩统朱巷组的沉积而进入生油门限,在下白垩统沉积之后达到了最大的古地温度,分别为225℃、230℃,指示开始进入过成熟阶段,朱巷组最大埋藏温度出现在早白垩世末,达到了110～120℃,指示进入了成熟期。在上覆古近系沉积后曾达到最大古地温(110～160℃),显示进入了成熟阶段。古近系定远组未进入成熟阶段,最大古地温出现在定远组沉积之后,但小于50℃。     

酒泉盆地营尔凹陷下沟组沉积特征及其控制因素

营尔凹陷白垩系下沟组是目前酒泉盆地油气勘探中寻找岩性油气藏最有利的层段之一,对其沉积体系展开系统的研究可为下一步勘探部署提供重要的指导。综合运用岩心、测井、录井等资料,对营尔凹陷下沟组的沉积体系展开了细致的鉴别和演化特征研究,结果表明,下沟组主要发育4种沉积体系:辫状河三角洲沉积体系、扇三角洲沉积体系、湖底扇沉积体系和湖泊沉积体系。辫状河三角洲主要发育于凹陷的西北部缓坡带,越过长2断层坡度变陡、湖盆加深,演化为湖底扇沉积体系。扇三角洲发育于研究区东北、东南和西南部的陡坡背景下,湖相沉积主要发育于北部次凹和南部次凹。沉积体系演化可以划分为3个阶段:下沟组一段沉积时期湖盆快速充填阶段;下沟组二段沉积时期湖盆扩张阶段;下沟组三段沉积时期稳定的三角洲沉积阶段。进一步研究表明,沉积体系类型及展布范围受到不同类型的同沉积断裂及其组合样式的控制,而物源发育和砂体展布样式则受到传递带的影响。     

干旱气候环境下季节性河流沉积特征——以库车河剖面下白垩统为例

通过对库车河剖面下白垩统巴西改组—古近系库姆格列木群底部的沉积露头实测,分析砂岩岩性组合、沉积构造特征、砾岩特征及沉积古环境,并结合现代天山南北季节性河流沉积特征,认为干旱气候条件下发育的季节性河流及季节性河流三角洲是白垩纪库车坳陷发育的重要沉积体系.下白垩统巴什基奇克组砂岩特征与现今广泛发育的季节性河流沉积特征极为相似,既有较为典型的河流相正韵律砂体大面积沉积,河道底部内碎屑泥砾与厚层块状的大型交错层理等砂岩,又显示出高能细砂岩和高能粉砂岩沉积,并具有较低的成分成熟度和较高的结构成熟度基本特征.在此基础上,建立了库车河剖面下白垩统巴西改组—巴什基奇克组沉积相模式:巴西改组沉积时期,库车坳陷发育面积较大的宽浅型湖泊,天山前发育的季节性河流进入湖泊后形成季节性河流三角洲;巴什基奇克组沉积时期,古天山前出现了多个小型湖泊,古天山山前发育大量的季节性辫状河与多个小型季节性辫状三角洲沉积.     

黔北西部及邻区晚三叠世末期-中侏罗世沉积与层序地层特征

黔北西部及邻区晚三叠世末期-中侏罗世,为印支运动导致的海相沉积历史结束后开始的一段陆相沉积时期。其沉积特点是湖泊沉积占主导,河流沉积次之。在纵向上表现为河流沉积出现在该时期地层序列的下部二桥组和上部下沙溪庙组和上沙溪庙组中;湖泊沉积则贯穿整个研究时期的地层中,特别是地层序列中部自流井组中发育良好。河流沉积具二元结构,下部为边滩沉积,上部为堤岸沉积。湖泊沉积分为滨湖、浅湖和深湖三个亚相沉积,在地层序列上显示出两个由浅至深的旋回变化特点。研究时期的地层具有旋回性特点,以不整合面及相应的整合面作为层序界面,可分为5个沉积层序,每个层序由水进体系域和水退体系域组成,粗略地反映了湖平面的5次进退变化。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中部石炭-二叠系沉积相带与砂体展布

鄂尔多斯盆地石炭-二叠系广泛发育潮坪、三角洲、湖泊沉积。中上石炭统本溪组和太原组以潮坪相为主,下二叠统山西组沉积初期以全盆地范围广布三角洲平原沉积为特征,山西组沉积后期到下石盒子组沉积期,南北差异特征明显,北部发育三角洲平原,南部发育三角洲前缘。上二叠统石盒子组和石千峰组发育湖泊沉积。三角洲平原分流河道和三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体在盆地内最为发育,是该区的主体储集砂体。潮坪砂坝和三角洲前缘指状砂坝也是较有利的储集体。其纵向发育和横向展布是今后气田勘探的一个重要研究课题。     

皖南前南华纪浅变质岩系的沉积地质特征及其构造古地理意义

皖南地区前南华纪浅变质岩系是江南造山带东段的重要组成部分。根据对本区前南华纪浅变质地层——环沙组和牛屋组所进行的沉积地质学研究,可识别出浊积岩相和深海—半深海相沉积,两者均属活动类型沉积建造。进一步的沉积相序研究表明,环沙组沉积环境总体反映出浅—深—浅—深的沉积变化,牛屋组沉积环境总体反映出由深变浅的沉积变化。对发育于环沙组和牛屋组上段的小型斜层理进行测量,经水平校正后两者古流向都指向北,证明其物源都来自南方。沉积岩骨架颗粒统计结果表明,环沙组物源构造属性为岩浆弧,牛屋组上段物源构造属性为再旋回造山带。结合侵入牛屋组下段的花岗岩地球化学特征研究,推测环沙组沉积于弧后盆地,牛屋组下段沉积于边缘海盆地,牛屋组上段沉积于周缘前陆盆地。在总结前人研究成果的基础上,探讨了江南造山带东段本区相应时段的大地构造演化格局。     

豫西济源地区中下三叠统遗迹网络分析

豫西济源地区下三叠统和尚沟组和中三叠统二马营组均为陆相河湖相沉积,本研究在和尚沟组和上覆二马营组中下段分别识别出遗迹化石5属6种和7属9种,这些化石材料成为探究大灭绝事件后陆地造迹生物复苏的良好材料。运用遗迹网络分析方法构建了和尚沟组和二马营组中下段遗迹网络,相关参数显示自早三叠世和尚沟组沉积期至中三叠世二马营组中下段沉积期,遗迹网络节点增加,平均度、平均加权度和图密度有所降低,网络直径、平均聚类系数和平均路径长度呈明显增加趋势,遗迹网络复杂化以及造迹生物对恶劣环境适应性的增强,这些可能是二叠纪—三叠纪之交灭绝事件(Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction, PTME)后生物复苏的潜在标志。推测PTME后华北地区生物复苏和生态恢复可能遵循着类似的模式,但后续研究仍需陆相实体化石证据的佐证与补充。     

鄂尔多斯盆地保德地区上古生界沉积相与沉积演化特征

山西组与下石盒子组是鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界主要的勘探目的层系,本溪组和太原组发育的煤层是主要的烃源岩,深入研究上古生界沉积相及沉积演化特征对油气勘探具有一定的指导意义。以保德地区扒楼沟剖面露头实测为基础,通过岩性和岩石组合、沉积相分析,建立了不同沉积体系的沉积序列,并进一步探讨了该区上古生界沉积演化过程。结果表明:保德地区上古生界自下而上发育本溪组、太原组、下石盒子组、上石盒子组、石千峰组,识别出障壁海岸、碳酸盐台地、曲流河和辫状河4种沉积相,并建立8种典型的沉积序列;受区域构造演化控制,本溪组与太原组时期发生大规模海侵,山西组至石千峰组时期海水逐渐退出盆地,研究区晚古生代经历了障壁海岸-碳酸盐台地-河流相的沉积演化过程。     

湘东南印支期褶皱特征及形成机制

湘东南地区以王仙岭-坪石一线为界,分为东部隆起区和西部坳陷区,分别发育两种不同类型和成因的印支期褶皱.东部隆起区大面积出露前泥盆纪褶皱基底并发育隔槽式褶皱,由泥盆纪跳马涧组与褶皱基底间的不整合界面所显示,表明褶皱基底参与了褶皱作用;露头显示褶皱过程中盖层未沿不整合界面产生明显滑脱.基于上述事实,认为隔槽式褶皱形成于基底(厚皮式)横向收缩与压扁作用,并从理论上论证了隔槽式褶皱不可能是盖层沿基底滑脱的产物,修正了前人的薄皮式观点.西部坳陷区主要出露中泥盆世-中三叠世地层并发育类侏罗山式褶皱,褶皱具有波长小且大小不一、垂向上不协调等特征,并伴生大量走向断裂,说明褶皱受不同层位软弱层顺层滑脱作用控制,其深层机制与区域断裂逆冲活动有关.     

Phanerozoic stratigraphy and structure of the northern Barrier Ranges,western New South Wales

Devonian strata near Fowlers Gap and Nundooka Stations, northern Barrier Ranges comprise ～2.7 km of sparsely fossiliferous, fluvially deposited sandstones (Mulga Downs Group). These strata are subdivided into the Coco Range Sandstone (oldest, Emsian‐Eifelian) found west of the north‐trending Nundooka Creek Fault, and the Nundooka Sandstone (youngest, ?Frasnian‐Famennian found east of the fault). Eleven stratigraphic units are mapped and two of these in the Coco Range Sandstone are formally named as The Valley Tank Arenite and Copi Dam Arenite Members. The Coco Range Sandstone and Nundooka Sandstone are tentatively correlated with strata in the Bancannia Trough. Deposition of the Coco Range Sandstone and Nundooka Sandstone was, however, separate from that of the Bancannia Trough, probably due to topographic highs which occurred east of the Western Boundary Fault.

The Coco Range Sandstone is cut by northeast‐trending faults splaying from the Nundooka Creek Fault. These faults have vertical planes and are thought to predate deposition of the Nundooka Sandstone. In the Late Cretaceous the Nundooka Creek and Western Boundary Faults became active and areas west of these faults were uplifted to form Coco Range and Bald Hill. This fossil landscape was progressively buried by deposition of the Palaeocene‐Eocene Eyre Formation until it was half covered by strata. During the Oligocene silcrete of the Cordillo Surface formed and was overlain conformably by the sandy Doonbara Formation (Miocene). Since the Miocene, much of the Eyre Formation has been removed by erosion to exhume a Late Cretaceous landscape. Subsequently in the ?Pliocene there was some faulting along the Nundooka Creek and Western Boundary Faults because locally the Cordillo Surface and the Doonbara Formation dip toward the faults at 30–72°. At three localities there is evidence of probable Quaternary activity on the Nundooka Creek and the Western Boundary Faults (downthrow to the east) suggesting a different style of tectonics from that in the Miocene.     

马朗凹陷断裂-烃源岩空间配置关系与石油垂向运移特征

马朗凹陷的原油类型可以划分为3大类,Ⅰ类原油来自二叠系芦草沟组,Ⅱ类原油来自石炭系哈尔加乌组,Ⅲ类原油为Ⅰ与Ⅱ类原油的混源油。通过断裂活动强度、垂向输导断裂与烃源岩的匹配关系的研究,结合原油含氮化合物的分析资料,分析了马朗凹陷油气的垂向运移特征。研究表明,断层的断裂活动强度控制着油气的垂向运移能力,垂向输导断裂与烃源岩相匹配时,烃源岩生成的油气才能向上运移至上覆地层聚集成藏。二叠系芦草沟组烃源岩厚度中心附近的垂向输导断裂断穿侏罗系,所以,芦草沟组烃源岩生成的Ⅰ类原油可以运移至侏罗系聚集成藏,而石炭系哈尔加乌组烃源岩附近的断裂大都未断至二叠系和侏罗系,所以哈尔加乌组烃源岩生成的Ⅱ类原油未能运移到侏罗系聚集成藏,而主要在石炭系成藏。与断裂输导分析相配合,含氮化合物可以很好示踪油气的垂向运移方向,沿断裂从深层到浅层,原油含氮化合物总浓度逐渐降低,1,8DMC/1,3 DMC或1,8DMC/2,4 DMC值增大。     

Comparison of the Typical Metallogenic Systems in the North Slope of the Tongbai‐East Qinling Mountains and its Geologic Implications

The Tongbai-East Qinling Mountains, an important part of the Central orogenic belt, is one of the most important metallogenic belts in China and contains lots of orogenic-type and VMS-type (Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide type) metallogenic systems. The Dahe and Shuidongling VMS-type Cu-Zn deposits, located in the Erlangping Group in Tongbai and East Qinling Mountains, respectively, show similar geological and geochemical features. The Huoshenmiao Formation in the East Qinling region and the Liushanyan Formation in the Tongbai region are spilite-keratophyre sequences occurring in the western and eastern sides of the Nanyang Basin, respectively, and are interpreted to be equivalent to each other. The orogenic-type Au-Ag deposits can be subdivided into two styles; namely, fault- or structure-controlled (e.g. Yindonggou) and stratabound (e.g. Poshan). The Poshan and Yindongpo orogenic-type Au-Ag deposits, whose ore bodies are strictly hosted in carbonaceous strata in the Tongbai Mountains, show obvious stratabound characteristics. Their ore-fluids are enriched in K+ and SO42? and are regarded as K+-SO42? types. The Pb-isotope ratios of sulfides of the ores are extremely uniform and significantly different from those of the tectonostratigraphic terranes of the Qinling orogens except for the ore-hosting strata of the Waitoushan Formation. The Yindonggou and Xuyaogou orogenic Au-Ag deposits in the East Qinling Mountains, whose ore bodies are hosted in the faults cutting the hosting strata or granite body, show fault-controlled characteristics. Their ore-fluids belong to the Na+-Cl? type. The Pb-isotope ratios of sulfides of ores are similar to those of the northern Qinling orogenic belt. The Waitoushan Formation, dominated by carbonaceous sericite-rich schists and only occurring in Tongbai region, should be detached from the Erlangping Group, which occurs both in the western and eastern sides of the Nanyang Basin. Future ore exploration in the Tongbai-East Qinling Mountains should focus on fault-controlled Au-Ag lodes.     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘中部微小断层的成因机制与控藏特征

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘作为南北构造带的一部分,不仅是研究该盆地形成、演化及油气成藏的重要窗口,也是探讨中生代特提斯洋关闭、新生代青藏高原隆升的热点地区。本文将盆地西缘中部及以东的新生界覆盖区作为一个整体,利用二维和三维地震资料进行精细构造解释,在天环坳陷中生界发现大量微小断层。地震解释表明：地震剖面上,微小断层具有正、逆断层并存,切穿层位差异大,挤压褶皱相伴生的特点;平面上,微小断层呈北西西—南东东向规律性展布,与西部前缘带的大型断层共同构成扫帚状展布的断层发育带。晚侏罗世燕山运动主幕,北东东向构造挤压应力由南向北传递,由于受东西向横向构造转换带的阻挡,在本区产生压扭作用,微小断层的形成受此压扭作用控制。微小断层形成后,主要经历了早白垩世伸展作用和晚白垩世—至今的后期改造。依据断层切穿的层位及改造阶段,将微小断层划分为3个期次,井震联合分析认为：Ⅰ期断层主要改善了延长组致密储层的物性,一般在延长组内部成藏;Ⅱ期断层主要促进了石油的运移,在延长组和延安组均能成藏;Ⅲ期断层对早期油藏具有一定的破坏作用。     

藏北羌塘中部上二叠统—下三叠统天泉山组的建立及意义——对龙木错-双湖-澜沧江洋构造演化的指示

藏北羌塘中部改则县以北天泉山、屏风岭等地区大面积分布一套浅变质岩系,岩性以变质杂砂岩、千枚岩为主,夹变质玄武岩、变质安山岩等火山岩夹层,因缺乏化石依据时代不明。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年测得安山岩的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄为251.4±2.4Ma,同时结合该地区已测得的254Ma的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄,证实这套浅变质岩系的时代应属于晚二叠世—早三叠世,并非传统意义的展金组。在剖面测制和区域对比的基础上,将天泉山、屏风岭一带的浅变质岩系重新厘定为上二叠统—下三叠统天泉山组。天泉山组的发现和建立不仅进一步完善了该区的地层系统,而且是龙木错-双湖-澜沧江洋首次发现的晚二叠世—早三叠世洋盆地层记录,为进一步丰富和研究龙木错-双湖-澜沧江洋的演化提供了重要的地层证据。     

福建龙岩白沙地区地质特征与找煤潜力分析

白沙地区位于龙永煤田的北部,区内地质条件复杂,东部大面积出露白垩系上统沙县组,西部出露二叠系中统童子岩组,北部出露奥陶系中上统罗峰溪组及泥盆系上统天瓦栋组。童子岩组含煤岩系含可采煤层5层,局部可采煤层3层,大部分隐伏于深部。区内构造以断裂为主,推覆构造发育,主要有印支期的滑脱断层,燕山期的逆冲推覆断层,推覆构造控制煤系的赋存厚度与形态。应用"红层下"与"老地层推覆体下"找煤理论,认为东部"红层"下、北部"老地层"下具有找煤潜力。     

Tectonics and sedimentation in the Fohnsdorf-Seckau Basin (Miocene, Austria): from a pull-apart basin to a half-graben

The Miocene intramontane Fohnsdorf-Seckau Basin is situated at the junction of the sinistral Mur-Mürz-fault system and the dextral Pöls-Lavanttal fault system. The basin comprises a 2,400-m-thick coal-bearing fluviodeltaic-lacustrine succession (Lower to Middle Miocene, Upper Karpatian?/Lower Badenian) which is overlain by a 1,000-m-thick alluvio-deltaic conglomeratic succession (Apfelberg Formation, ?Middle/Upper Badenian) in the south. A three-stage model for the basin evolution has been reconstructed from structural analysis and basin fill geometries. During a first pull-apart phase, subsidence occurred along ENE-trending, sinistral strike-slip faults of the Mur-Mürz fault system and NE-SW to N-S-trending normal faults, forming a composite pull-apart basin between overstepping en-echelon strike-slip faults. The Seckau and Fohnsdorf sub-basins are considered as two adjacent pull-aparts which merged into one basin. During the second phase, N-S to NNW-SSE extension and normal faulting along the southern basin margin fault formed a half-graben, filled by wedge-shaped alluvial strata (Apfelberg Formation). During the third phase, after the end of basin sedimentation, the dextral Pöls-Lavanttal fault system reshaped the western basin margin into a positive flower structure.     

金坛盆地云林凹陷古近系阜宁组石盐矿缺失原因研究

文章依据研究区内施工的二维地震勘查及钻探验证工程等相关资料,结合邻区揭露地层对比,分析了预测结果产生误差的原因,并对区域内较发育的断层对金坛盆地石盐成矿的影响进行了系统研究。结果表明单一地球物理方法勘查的不确定性,是使得预测结果产生误差的重要原因。区内DF1、DF2断层形成时间晚于阜宁组形成时间,对石盐沉积成矿不构成影响。形成于始新世―古新世F19正断层,导致位于该断层下盘的云林凹陷整体抬升,使得阜宁组含盐系地层被剥蚀,而位于该断层上盘的荣炳矿区阜宁组上段地层则发生同沉积加厚,形成石盐资源。     

Transverse fold evolution in the External Sierra,southern Pyrenees,Spain

Fault-slip data are used to reconstruct varying tectonic regimes associated with transverse fold development along the eastern and southern margins of the Jaca basin, southern Pyrenees, Spain. The Spanish Pyrenean foreland consists of thrust sheets and leading-edge décollement folds which developed within piggyback basins. Guara Formation limestones on the margins of the Jaca basin were deposited synchronously with deformation and are exposed in the External Sierra. Within the transverse folds, principal shortening axes determined from P and T dihedra plots of fault-slip data show a shift from steep shortening in stratigraphically older beds to NNE–SSW horizontal shortening in younger beds. Older strata are characterized by extensional faults interpreted to result from halotectonic (salt tectonics) deformation, whereas younger strata are characterized by contraction and strike-slip faults interpreted to result from thrust sheet emplacement. The interpretation of the timing for the shortening axes in the younger strata is supported by the observation that these axes are parallel to shortening axes determined from finite strain analysis, calcite twins, and regional thrusting directions determined from fault-related folds and slickenlines. This study shows that fault population analysis in syntectonic strata provides an opportunity to constrain kinematic evolution during orogeny.