基于 GIS 的台风预警系统设计与实现简

根据台风特点及所造成的灾害,基于ArcGIS Server 平台,结合Flex 技术,设计并实现了台风预警系统.该系统具有丰富的表现力、交互性及较强的实用性;实现了台风历史信息的查询及管理,台风路径的展示及影响区域分析,台风灾害的评估等功能,为相关部门实现台风预警提供了数据支撑及决策依据.     

应用GIS技术的台风灾害危险性评估系统

由于台风灾害危险性评估是一个复杂的多源信息综合分析的过程,借助功能强大、操作简便和显示直观的ArcGIS作为开发平台,开发了台风灾害危险性评估系统,实现了台风灾害危险性评估的可视化,发挥GIS强大的空间信息可视化管理和分析功能,为台风防灾减灾提供决策服务.     

面向灾害风险评估的台风数值模拟及可视化

针对具体台风对地区灾害风险影响的快速应急的特点,运用Shapiro台风风场模型,结合GIS技术,以201319号“天兔”台风为例,实现了台风的数值模拟、该台风具体时刻的影响区域的可视化及对广东省的灾害风等级区划,以期为应急部门的防灾减灾工作提供科学的参考依据.     

基于地理国情普查的风暴潮灾害产业风险评估

以厦门市为例,基于地理国情普查数据,采用风暴潮灾害静态情景模拟及指标体系法,实现了基于格网的厦门市风暴潮灾害产业风险评估。通过分析厦门市台风风暴潮灾害产业综合风险及风险评价,为地理国情普查数据在灾害风险评估中的研究提供借鉴。     

天地一体技术在台风灾害中的应用

台风灾害应急服务系统以满足台风灾害的应急服务需求为目的,由台风灾害数据库、台风灾情监测子系统、台风应急决策子系统和台风灾害信息发布子系统等组成,为政府及时做出抢险救灾的决策提供科学依据,避免或减轻台风灾害给人民生命财产安全造成的损失。     

基于iPad的台风路径信息管理系统

基于iPad的台风路径信息管理系统,将台风路径信息应用到当前最为流行的移动设备iPad上,为政府、气象等部门的气象灾害应急指挥提供了新的技术手段和方法,具有可以随时、随地办公的优势,从而及时地向广大群众传递台风防灾减灾信息,增强台风防灾减灾能力。重点阐述了基于iPad的台风路径信息管理系统的构建流程以及台风路径功能实现的方法。     

浙江省台风灾害风险区划研究

利用AHP层次分析法,针对传统台风灾害评价系统中评价因子不全面的缺点,以当前灾害学对灾害的评估理论为基础,以孕灾环境、致灾因子、承灾体为子系统对浙江省台风灾害进行风险评估。其中致灾因子包括台风暴雨和台风大风;孕灾环境包括地形、河网等自然环境因子;承灾体包括人口密度、经济发展水平等社会经济因子以及海塘、堤防等环境因子。分析结果经过可视化最终得出浙江省台风灾害风险区划图。结果表明,浙江省各市台风灾害存在地域性差异,总体上从内陆到沿海台风灾害风险逐步增大,而沿海各市之间的灾害风险也不完全相同,可作为台风灾害管理资源分配的理论参考基础。     

台风灾害下无人机激光雷达技术的电网巡视应用

针对台风过后人工巡检电力线路效率低、勘测困难的难题,在收集了台风来临时刻对我国南方架空线路带来的影响资料的基础上,该文总结了台风及暴雨对输电线路运行设备的影响.该文从灾前隐患点排查、灾后灾情勘探和评估等方面着手,研究了基于垂起固定翼无人机载激光雷达的台风灾害后电网巡视的关键技术,并提出了台风前后灾情评估技术路线.通过某电力线路的巡检证明了上述技术路线的可行性.试验表明,基于垂起固定翼无人机载激光雷达技术可以提高面向台风灾害的特殊电力线路巡检的精度、完整性、工作效率.     

基于ArcGIS三维建模技术的水灾模拟系统

洪水灾害严重影响着国民经济发展,危害人民生命财产安全,破坏生态环境。本文以福州市为背景,首先简要分析了台风对福州市的影响和引发的灾害;其次运用MATLAB对降雨量的大小进行预测分析并得出地表保水能力的强弱,确定淹没范围;最后应用分析得到的降雨数据,实现洪水淹没状态和周边场景的模拟。     

基于VGI的台风灾情评估研究

近年来,在灾害应急的舞台上,一种新的数据来源——自发地理信息(VGI)由于其在海地地震、台风海燕等巨灾中的优异表现逐渐为人们所重视。结合我国实际情况,本文选取了新浪微博上的台风达维的相关数据,从微博的数量和内容分析两个方面初步探讨了VGI在台风灾情评估中的作用,证明了采用VGI数据分析台风灾情具有充分的可行性。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。