Russian studies of Antarctic auroras: A review

The studies of auroras at Russian Antarctic observatories in the Southern Hemisphere began in 1957 during the second Complex Antarctic expedition and performed almost continuously up to 1993 during more than 30 years. Many observers of auroras and scientists that analyzed obtained results participated in these studies. Members of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AANII), Russian Committee on Hydrometeorology (Rosgidromet); Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radiowave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN); Vernov Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (NIIYaF MGU); Polar Geophysical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (PGI); St. Petersburg State University (SPbGU); Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth (IFZ); Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (IKFIA SB RAN); and other institutions made an enormous contribution to the studies of Antarctic auroras. The main results of the studies of Antarctic auroras, obtained by Russian scientists, are reviewed in this work.     

Scientific investigations by the Polar Geophysical Institute on the Spitsbergen archipelago

In October 2010, it will be 50 years since the founding of the Polar Geophysical Institute of the Kola Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences. The paper covers the scientific investigations conducted by the Polar Geophysical Institute on the Spitsbergen archipelago. Brief information is given regarding both the history and the current stage of investigations by the Academy of Sciences on Spitsbergen. The experimental equipment installed at the Barentsburg Observatory of the Polar Geophysical Institute is described. The scientific problems that the Polar Geophysical Institute is solving in this region are discussed.     

1999年度中俄合作岩石破裂实验研究

１９９９年１１月～１２月,俄罗斯科学院圣彼得堡Ｉｏｆｆｅ技术物理研究所Ｖ．Ｓ．Ｋｕｋ－ｓｅｎｋｏ教授等专家应邀来华,与中国地震局地球物理研究所和中国科学院地球物理研究所合作,在震源物理实验室开展分米级尺度岩石破裂实验研究。实验中采用了ＳＤＡＥ－８型系统,进行声发射地定位和实时显示。实验采用了多种典型构造模拟和加－卸载方式,取得了丰富的成果。该实验开辟了国际间实质性合作的新途径。     

基于高分辨率地形数据的冲洪积扇特征提取与演化模式讨论——以海原断裂带老虎山地区冲洪积扇为例

干旱—半干旱地区第四纪冲洪积扇蕴含着丰富的气候与构造信息,划分并描述不同时期的冲洪积扇单元及其地貌特征是开展第四纪冲洪积扇研究的重要步骤。野外考察等传统方法是对冲洪积扇进行描述与填图的最重要的途径之一,但在此之前对冲洪积扇进行大范围的自动化地貌初步分级则可为地貌填图提供指导,从而提高后续的野外工作效率。文中借助航空影像生成的0. 2m分辨率数字高程模型提取老虎山地区各冲洪积扇单元的起伏度与粗糙度,实现对各冲洪积扇单元的分类与差异探讨。研究表明,随着提取窗口尺寸的增大,粗糙度迅速增大,而当提取窗口增大到一定程度后粗糙度过渡为缓慢增大并达到稳定的状态。在尺寸为8m×8m的滑动取样窗口下,起伏度与粗糙度随着冲洪积扇年龄的增加,呈现先减小而后增大的趋势,这恰好反映了冲洪积扇的动态演化过程。     

The neotectonic deformation and earthquake activity in Zhuanglang river active fault zone of Lanzhou

Introduction Zhuanglang river active fault zone, which located in the western of Zhuanglang river valley, north of Hekou, the Xigu district of Lanzhou city, is composed of several echelon small faults, these faults display not very clear on surface. Predecessors thought that this fault from Yongdeng to Hekou was active in Late Pleistocene and even in Holocene through limited research works, they also believed that these earthquakes with magnitude 641 happened at Yongdeng and magnitude 521 …     

A numerical method to calculate the electromagnetic field of a horizontal current dipole

Summary A computer program is described to calculate the field of an oscillating current dipole over a horizontally stratified medium for the quasi-static case. Multi-layer master curves for frequency sounding can be calculated with this program. Examples of these curves are presented.Contribution No. 90 of the Geophysical Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich.     

Studying the Volga R. in the voyage of the R/V Akademik Topchiev

The expedition for studying the Volga R. was organized by the Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Inland Water Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, with the participation of the Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry on the r/v Akademik Topchiev (June 2–18, 2016). The main objective of the expedition studies of the Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, was to examine the sedimentation and biogeochemical processes in the mixing zone of the Volga and its tributaries with the aim to assess the present-day water quality and trends in its changes in the recent years. In this context, the study was focused on the aerosols of near-water layer, surface water, and bottom sediments along the route the Rybinsk Reservoir (Borok Settl.)–Lower Volga (Astrakhan C.). The methodology was based on a multidisciplinary study of dissolved compounds and suspended particles (<1 μm). The main attention was focused on studying the spatial variations of biogenic substances, organic compounds (Corg in suspension and solution), the suspension itself, and hydrcarbons.     

地震动反应谱与RC框架结构地震响应相关性分析

弹塑性时程分析一般用来评估和验算结构抗震性能,如何选取合适的输入地震动是其中关键工作之一。为给结构弹塑性时程分析选取地震动提供合理的参考参数,本文讨论了地震动反应谱参数与结构地震响应之间的相关性。首先建立了6层和7层两个钢筋混凝土(RC)框架结构数值模型,分别对两个结构进行了大量地震动作用下的时程反应分析,并考察了地震反应特点;然后将结构地震响应与地震动反应谱参数建立关系并进行了相关性分析。结果表明:对RC框架而言,结构地震响应与弹性谱参数相关性较小,与等强度反应谱相关性随标准屈服强度降低而增大,与等延性反应谱相关性随延性增大而增大,而与地震动输入能量谱在标准屈服强度较小时相关性最大。建议RC框架结构在进行地震反应时程分析时,可以参考地震动的弹塑性输入能量谱、等强度速度谱和等延性加速度或位移谱,以选取引起结构不同地震反应水平的输入地震动。本文结果和结论可供结构弹塑性时程分析选取合适的输入地震动参考。     

武汉交通学校群楼爆破拆除塌落振动分析

为了分析一次性爆破拆除多栋建筑造成的地面振动的特征及对周边建筑物的影响,对武汉交通学校群楼爆破拆除中的地面振动进行了测量,并对实测的塌落振动的峰值、频谱特性进行分析。结果表明:此次监测记录到的峰值频率在5～10 Hz,对比高架桥以及单一高层结构爆破拆除数据,倒塌叠加使得振动能量在频谱上分布更加离散,其峰值频率与周边结构自振频率相差变大,周边建筑共振的危险性降低;对于周围的结构而言,水平振动持时大于竖向振动,但水平振动幅值明显小于竖向振动;爆破塌落振动的竖向分量对周围结构的威胁较大,应采取有效的缓冲及隔振措施;由《爆破安全规程》和周边建筑爆破前后主振频率分析可知,本次爆破拆除工作未对周边建筑造成破坏性影响,验证了群楼爆破拆除方案的高效性和安全性。     

Geomagnetic field variations in southeastern Europe between 6500 and 100 years B.C.

Results from joint work between the Geophysical Institute (Sofia, Bulgaria), and the Geomagnetic Institute (Grocka, Yugoslavia) on the geomagnetic field variation in the prehistoric past are presented. Preliminary curves of variation of the three geomagnetic elements: declination, inclination and intensity are presented. The movement of the virtual pole position for the 6500 years time period B.C. is derived. The curves and the virtual pole positions provide a dating tool for archaeological purposes and determination of the periodicities in the geomagnetic secular variations in southeastern Europe.     

地球动力学观测技术在西班牙Lanzarote火山预测中的应用研究

中国和西班牙合作在西班牙Ｌａｎｚａｒｏｔｅ火山地球动力学实验里开展了对地球动力学观测技术与仪器的研究，并对监测和长期实验结果进行了解释。用合作研究的先进仪器和观测技术监督并获取火山及地震的前兆地壳变动信息，对于探索预测火山爆发规律，推动地球动力学观测技术和仪器的发展以及深入研究对火山和地震等灾害的防御对等等，将具有十分重要的科学价值。     

高速扩频微波组网技术在防震减灾中的应用

扩频微波技术是近几年发展起来的高新技术,是目前发展宽带网络技术的主要手段之一。采用扩频微波方式组网在地震系统还尚属首次。“京区扩频微波高速链路建设”是采用2－3Mbp/s速率扩频微波技术将中国地震局京区主要直属单位及北京市地震局的计算机网络互联起来,构成中国地震局北京城区计算机网络互联的计算机广域网扩频微波网络平台及中国地震局北京城区计算机网络信道骨干网。同时利用扩频微波建立了与中国科技网相连的信道,将京区各单位和全国各省（市）地震局的计算机网络接入因特网。     

国际地震和火山电磁方法组织2016年兰州研讨会——纪念兰州地震研究所开创地电监测预报地震半个多世纪①

为纪念中国地震局原兰州地震研究所开创我国地电学方法地震监测预报工作历经半个多世纪,文章在介绍国际地震和火山电磁方法组织(EMSEV)的同时,介绍了2016年8月25—29日在中国大陆首次召开、由兰州地震研究所(甘肃省地震局)为主举办单位的EMSEV国际研讨会及相关的科学活动以及会后几年来我国地震电磁学的进展.     

Temperature variations in the mesopause region according to the hydroxyl-emission observations at midlatitudes

The seasonal temperature variations in the mesopause region and the inter-day and nighttime temperature variability, the measure of which is standard deviations, have been studied based on the hydroxyl emission spectral observations at the Zvenigorod station of the Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics in 2000–2011 and Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics geophysical station (Tory) in 2008–2011. The long-term variations in all temperature variability parameters have been analyzed.     

国际地震和火山电磁方法组织2016年兰州研讨会——纪念兰州地震研究所开创地电监测预报地震半个多世纪——纪念兰州地震研究所开创地电监测预报地震半个多世纪

为纪念中国地震局原兰州地震研究所开创我国地电学方法地震监测预报工作历经半个多世纪,文章在介绍国际地震和火山电磁方法组织(EMSEV)的同时,介绍了2016年8月25—29日在中国大陆首次召开、由兰州地震研究所(甘肃省地震局)为主举办单位的EMSEV国际研讨会及相关的科学活动以及会后几年来我国地震电磁学的进展。     

Sixty years since the foundation of the (state) institute of geophysics at the charles university in Prague

Conclusion It was the intention of the author to present, on the occassion of the sixtieth anniversary of the foundation of the Institute of Geophysics on Dec. 20th, 1920, a sequence of events and episodes connected with the history of geophysics in Czechoslovakia, in which the most significant role was played by the State Institute of Geophysics and its founder Professor Václav LÁSKA. In many cases LÁSKA's ideas have preserved their vitality up to the present and, perhaps, they will prove to be a new inspiration even to younger generations of Czechoslovak geophysicists.     

地形坡度和高程变异系数在识别墨脱活动断裂带中的应用

喜马拉雅东构造结位于青藏高原东南端,是欧亚板块与印度板块碰撞、会聚的地带,其内部的南迦巴瓦峰地区是喜马拉雅山东段的最高山峰,雅鲁藏布江围绕南迦巴瓦峰形成一个"几"字形的大转弯。南迦巴瓦地区东侧的雅鲁藏布江河谷位于喜马拉雅山的南麓,属于亚热带湿润气候区,分布有茂密的热带雨林植被。该地区的阿尼桥右旋走滑断裂带是南迦巴瓦构造结的东边界断裂。利用30m分辨率的DEM数据,在Arc GIS软件平台上获得了南迦巴瓦及其周边地区的地形坡度和高程变异系数2个定量地貌参数。在地形坡度分布图上,墨脱附近的雅鲁藏布江东西两岸的山体地形为坡度>30°的陡坡,在陡地形坡度的背景下,存在NE走向、断续分布的坡度为5°～25°的缓坡条带。地形高程变异系数分布图上,墨脱附近的雅鲁藏布江两岸地形为高程变异系数>0. 9的高地形起伏区,在高地形起伏区的背景上,发育NE走向、断续分布的高程变异系数为0. 2～0. 9的缓地形起伏条带。通过野外地质地貌调查和探槽开挖,发现上述地貌参数异常条带处为活动断裂通过的位置。上述工作表明,地形坡度和高程变异系数2个地貌参数的定量分析有助于发现地形坡度大、植被覆盖严重、剥蚀强度大的地区的活动断层。     

Wanted: geophysics for teachers

The Institute of Physics is seeking short summaries of geophysics topics to support school teachers, in a move aimed at boosting the teaching and awareness of geophysics in schools.     

Geodynamic Technique Applied to the Volcanic Activity Forecast of Lanzarote Island in Spain

In accordance with the Agreement of Sino-Spain Science and Technology Cooperation,the Institute of Seismology,SSB of China and the Institute of Astronomy and Geodesy of Spain have together performed research at the Geodynamics Laboratory of Lanzarote(Canary Islands)with geodynamic instrumentation.Researchers conducted observation and then analyzed the data compiled.Researchers using the advanced geodynamic instruments could monitor the volcanic activity and seismicity in order to forecast the volcanic eruption and earthquakes.The results of this paper are obtained from this scientific and technological cooperation of the two institutes between China and Spain.     

宗务隆山南缘断裂构造地貌特征与晚第四纪滑动速率

宗务隆山南缘断裂位于柴达木盆地东北缘,是祁连山南缘与柴达木盆地的边界逆断裂,对其晚第四纪活动性进行研究对于理解祁连山地区应变分配模式以及该地区断裂向柴达木盆地内部的挤压扩展过程具有重要意义。文中通过遥感影像解译和野外地质调查,结合GPS地形剖面测量以及宇宙成因核素与光释光定年,对宗务隆山南缘断裂拜京图和蓄集乡等段落开展了详细的研究。综合分析拜京图和蓄集乡地区不同期次洪积扇的垂直位错以及相应地貌面的年龄,得到宗务隆山南缘断裂晚第四纪以来的平均垂直滑动速率为(0. 41±0. 05) mm/a,水平缩短速率为0. 47～0. 80mm/a,约占祁连山地区地壳缩短速率的10%。这些结果有助于进一步理解祁连山地区的应变分配模式以及柴达木盆地北缘地区的构造变形机制。