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1.
Photosynthetic characteristics of intertidal Zostera capricorni were measured under different tidal conditions in Whangapoua Harbour on the eastern Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand, and compared with permanently submerged seagrass beds. Photosynthetic characteristics were measured using pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorom‐etry and oxygen (O2) electrode techniques. Gross light saturated photosynthesis measured as oxygen exchange averaged 5.74 and 5.36 mg O2 g–1 dry weight (DW) h–1 and leaf respiration rates averaged 1.22 and 1.38 mg O2 g–1 DW h–1, for intertidal and subtidal plants respectively. Photosynthesis of both intertidal and shallow subtidal plants was light saturated at between 195 and 242 μmol photons m 2 s–1, suggestive of acclimation to a high light environment. Despite the period of exposure at low tide clearly being an important time for photosynthetic gains for intertidal plants, when water clarity was sufficiently high, maximum rates of photosynthesis were also possible when the beds were submerged. If average water clarity was at the clearer end of a range measured for this site (Kd = 0.85 m–1) then it was calculated that for intertidal seagrass beds growing at mean sea level in Whangapoua, c. 50% of above‐ground production could occur while plants were submerged.  相似文献   

2.
Porewater nutrient dynamics during emersion and immersion were investigated during different seasons in a eutrophic intertidal sandflat of Tokyo Bay, Japan, to elucidate the role of emersion and immersion in solute transport and microbial processes. The water content in the surface sediment did not change significantly following emersion, suggesting that advective solute transport caused by water table fluctuation was negligible. The rate of change in nitrate concentration in the top 10 mm of sediments ranged from −6.6 to 4.8 μmol N l−1 bulk sed. h−1 during the whole period of emersion. Steep nutrient concentration gradients in the surface sediment generated diffusive flux of nutrients directed downwards into deeper sediments, which greatly contributed to the observed rates of change in porewater nutrient concentration for several cases. Microbial nitrate reduction within the subsurface sediment appeared to be strongly supported by the downward diffusive flux of nitrate from the surface sediment. The stimulation of estimated nitrate production rate in the subsurface layer in proportion to the emersion time indicates that oxygenation due to emersion caused changes in the sediment redox environment and affected the nitrification and/or nitrate reduction rates. The nitrate and soluble reactive phosphorus pools in the top 10 mm of sediment decreased markedly during immersion (up to 68% for nitrate and up to 44% for soluble reactive phosphorus), however, this result could not be solely explained by molecular diffusion.  相似文献   

3.
Spatial patterns of non-indigenous species show scale-dependent properties. Sargassum muticum is an invasive macroalga widely distributed along the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula. Despite being quite abundant from Norway to South Portugal, there is little information about its patterns of distribution, particularly at a large spatial scale (i.e. thousands of kilometres). Here, we examined the spatial variation in the invasion success of S. muticum from rockpools at multiple spatial scales using a hierarchical design. In addition, we analysed how the richness of native assemblages was related to its invasion success and how this relationship changed over different scales. Most of the variation in the invasion success was found at the smallest scales of pool and plot. Furthermore, the invasibility of native macroalgal assemblages was related to the native species richness, but causes that determined invasion success could not be separated from the effects provoked by the invader. Results suggest that small-scale (centimetres to metres) processes contribute considerably to the heterogeneity of S. muticum invasion success.  相似文献   

4.
龙须菜对3种赤潮微藻生长的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在共生条件下,研究了鲜龙须菜对前沟藻、米氏凯伦藻和塔玛亚历山大藻等3种赤潮微藻生长的影响.在此基础上,以龙须菜培养水过滤液和龙须菜水溶性抽提液为实验用液,分析它们对上述3种赤潮微藻的抑制作用.最后,采用甲醇浸泡龙须菜干粉末,研究了其甲醇提取物对3种赤潮微藻生长的影响.结果表明,当鲜龙须菜浓度≥32 g·L-1时,其能显...  相似文献   

5.
To account for tidal variations in the regional climate of a water basin, we propose adding up the vertical eddy diffusivity, determined by wind and thermohaline forcings, and the diapycnal diffusivity, determined from the solution to the problem of the internal tidal wave (ITW) dynamics. This approach agrees with the approximation of “weak interaction” between turbulence of various origins. Then, the hydrothermodynamics equations are integrated with and without regard for ITW-induced diapycnal diffusion until a quasistationary solution is reached. Next we compare these solutions, found by using the 3D finite-element hydrostatic model QUODDY-4. This comparison shows that the contribution of tides to the formation of the Barents Sea climate in summer is not negligible with respect to certain hydrological characteristics. We present the fields of the dynamic topography of a free surface, surface current velocities, and seawater temperature and salinity at the depth of the pycnocline in the sea to illustrate the occurrence of tidal effects.  相似文献   

6.
Deposit feeding in the coastal epibenthic mudsnail Hydrobia ulvae, as estimated by egestion rate, varies in relation to the tidal cycle. In nature, feeding is maximal when the snails are covered by tidal water; after exposure, feeding reduces slightly but significantly whilst the sediment surface remains damp; and it is minor or ceases whilst the snails are buried in pits in the drying sediment. Within each of these three phases, however, egestion rate remains unchanged both in relation to phase duration, and with temperature over an ambient range of 18–30 °C (mean 24 °C). These findings form another example of disagreement between field and laboratory results on feeding in Hydrobia.  相似文献   

7.
用叶绿素荧光仪测试了7个条斑紫菜品系在不同氮磷浓度、盐度、pH及光质条件下的光合效率及光合色素含量。结果显示,条斑紫菜叶状体最适氮浓度为1.0~1.5mg/L,最适磷浓度为0.05~0.15mg/L;在盐度为20~30条件下紫菜的光合效率保持较高的水平;紫菜生长的适宜pH值为8.0。在其它条件相同时,紫菜在不同的光质照射下光合效率顺序为:白光绿光红光蓝光。所实验紫菜品系的藻红蛋白含量和变异幅度均显著大于藻蓝蛋白和别藻蓝蛋白,而叶绿素含量无明显变异。  相似文献   

8.
Changes have been determined in the concentrations of volatile saturate and aromatic hydrocarbons in Prudhoe Bay Crude Oil (PBC) weathered under three different simulated environmental conditions. A combination of light and water sprayed upon the surface of the oil produced the largest relative decreases in volatile saturate and most aromatic hydrocarbons. After 24 days, detectable amounts of monoaromatic hydrocarbons were absent in all three weathered oils, as were the saturate hydrocarbons from C8 to C10. Retention of aromatic hydrocarbons appeared to be related to molecular weight, as enrichments of triaromatics (phenanthrenes) were observed in weathered PBC relative to the original crude oil. These data are discussed with respect to effects resulting from spilled oil impacting benthic organisms residing in intertidal and shallow subtidal communities.  相似文献   

9.
选择1种代表性的潮间带大型海藻鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)为试材,研究了其抗氧化酶体系对不同剂量UV-B胁迫的响应.结果显示,SOD及其CAT酶活性与UV-B辐射的剂量和时间关系密切,而POX活性与此相关不显著.各处理和对照中均未测出有效的APX活性.抗氧化剂AsA含量在低、中剂量UV-B辐射时呈增加趋势.SOD同工酶谱受到UV-B辐射的显著影响.中度剂量下CAT酶出现新的谱带(CATⅡ).低、中剂量胁迫下POXⅡ活性有轻微增加,而在此次研究中,未能检测到APX同工酶谱带.这些结果表明鼠尾藻中SOD与CAT酶活性及AsA水平对UV-B辐射增强响应最敏感,在该藻抗紫外胁迫的应激反应体系中处于核心地位.  相似文献   

10.
《Oceanologica Acta》1999,22(5):517-528
The recent expansion of the Red Sea macroalga Caulerpa racemosa and its impact on the diversity and abundance of macrobenthos were examined and compared in the summers of 1992 and 1997, in Moni Bay, Cyprus. The phytobenthic community of the bay in 1992 was dominated by the seagrass Posidonia oceanica while, in 1997, the Lessepsian migrant C. racemosa became the most dominant, forming extensive mats. Changes in the vegetation system in Moni Bay have caused significant compositional changes in macrofaunal assemblages. A total of 178 individuals of 62 species are recorded. The composition of the macrofauna in 1992 was dominated by gastropods (44 %), crustaceans (22%), bivalves (17 %), polychaetes (11 %) and echinoderms (6 %). In 1997, the gastropods and crustaceans had decreased to 13 % and 16 % respectively, while, polychaetes had increased to 38 % becoming the most dominant taxon. Bivalves and echinoderms also increased to 22 % and 11 %, respectively, in 1997. The proliferative growth of C. racemosa imposed successional changes on the macrofaunal assemblages in Moni Bay, Cyprus, between 1992 and 1997. It remains to be tested whether the expansion of C. racemosa is related to the increase of water temperature associated with global warming or nutrient inputs or with the differences in the life history characteristics of this migrant vs. native algal species.  相似文献   

11.
This paper examines the influence of aSargassum forest on the pH distribution in a small cove facing Wakasa Bay. The diurnal changes in spatial distribution of density and pH were observed in May 1977 during the season of luxuriant seaweed growth, and in August 1977 during the season of little growth. The observations were made at three-hour intervals for 24 hr in May, and 9 hr in August. During the period of strong density stratification, the observed pH distributions were divided into two types: (1) lower pH inshore and higher offshore in the upper layer in the evening and early morning, and (2) higher pH inshore and lower offshore in the daytime. During the period of weak stratification, a homogeneous pH distribution was observed. The pH distribution influenced bySargassum forest during the season of luxuriant growth was different from that during the season of little growth. The process that brought these spatial distributions is discussed. From early dawn to forenoon during the season of luxuriant growth, the heavier water, produced inshore by cooling through nocturnal radiation, cascaded as a stable laminar flow under the lighter water remaining under canopies of the forest and detached floating seaweeds. Reaching the offshore lower layer, and co-acting with algal respiration, this cascade influenced pH distribution. Some dynamical parameters for the process of cascading are calculated and examined.  相似文献   

12.
During a period of about two years at Parkmore Point, Co. Kerry, Ireland, fucoids drastically decreased in the mid and upper shore, meanwhile barnacle abundance increased on the upper shore and mussels increased on the lower shore. Causes could not be determined but human interference was excluded due to remoteness, and changes were so localized as to exclude climatic factors. These drastic natural changes emphasize the need for guarded interpretation of monitoring data from areas suspected of pollution.  相似文献   

13.
Diurnal wind (DW) and nonlinear interaction between inertial and tidal currents near the Xisha Islands of the South China Sea (SCS) during the passage of Typhoon Conson (2010) are investigated using observational data and a damped slab model. It is found that the DWs, which are dominated by clockwise wind components, are prominent at our observational site. The DWs increase after the passage of the typhoon from 1 to about 4 m/s, which may be due to the decrease of the sea surface temperature caused by the passage of the typhoon. Kinetic energy spectra and bicoherence methods reveal nonlinear interactions between the inertial currents and the 2MK3 tidal constituent at our observational site. The slab damped model reproduces the inertial currents successfully induced by the total observed winds, and it is shown that the inertial currents induced by DWs are positively proportional to the DWs speed. Even though the observed inertial currents are distinct, the proportion of inertial currents induced by DWs to those induced by the total observed winds is just 0.7%/4% before/after the passage of typhoon. This shows that the inertial currents induced by the DWs are unimportant near the Xisha Islands during the typhoon season.  相似文献   

14.
海洋绿藻长茎葡萄蕨藻(Caulerpa lentillifera,又名海葡萄)因具有较高经济和生态价值而备受关注,光照和温度变化均会改变长茎葡萄蕨藻生理代谢,最终影响其经济价值和生态功能。文章比较研究不同生长光强下(40、80、120和160μmol·photons·m–2·s–1)长茎葡萄蕨藻不同部位,即直立枝和匍匐枝的生理和生化特征,以及其对升温(+3℃、+6℃和+9℃)的响应。结果显示,光强由40升至120μmol·photons·m–2·s–1时对长茎葡萄蕨藻相对生长率(RGR)的影响不显著,但是光强升至160μmol·photons·m–2·s–1时可使RGR降低49%。弱光下(40μmol·photons·m–2·s–1)直立枝的叶绿素(Chl a)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量为匍匐枝的1.52和1.49倍;直立枝的Chla和Car含量随生长光强升高而降低,匍匐枝随光强升高而升高,二者蛋白含量则均随光强...  相似文献   

15.
The utilisation of a brackish estuarine marsh by nekton was investigated over a semi-lunar cycle in August 1994. Nekton migrating in and out of the intertidal creeks of the marsh ‘Het Verdronken Land van Saeftinghe’ in the Westerschelde estuary, SW Netherlands, was sampled passively during seven complete tidal cycles. Sampling one tidal cycle yielded three consecutive flood samples and four consecutive ebb samples. Sampling occurred every 2–3 days, covering diel, tidal and semi-lunar situations, thus allowing comparison of tidal, diel and semi-lunar influences on the composition of the intertidal fauna.Two different tidal-migration modes were observed. The mysid shrimp, Mesopodopsis slabberi, showed maximum abundance around high tide. For the remaining common species, the mysid (Neomysis integer), the shrimp (Palaemonetes varians), the crab (Carcinus maenas) and the goby (Pomatoschistus microps) and the amphipod (Corophium volutator), highest densities were recorded during lower water heights. The faunal assemblage shifts between the different tidal stages.On two occasions, consecutive day and night samples were taken. Total densities were higher during the night samples. During spring tide, difference in community composition was noticed between the night and the day samples. During neap tide, day–night differences were less clear. Recorded total densities were highest during spring tide and lowest during neap tide. At maximum water levels, a drop in total density was observed. A shift in community composition occurred between spring and neap tides.  相似文献   

16.
钱塘江涌潮具有动力作用强和流速变化快等特点。涌潮水流紊动复杂,流速的垂向分布和紊动强度息息相关。通过涌潮水流实测资料的分析可以发现,涌潮作用下流速垂向分布在底部和上层存在差异。为研究涌潮作用下流速垂向分布的特征,应用基于非结构网格下有限体积法模型FVCOM对钱塘江涌潮河段水流运动进行三维数值模拟。考虑到涌潮紊动作用复杂且对流速的垂向分布起着重要影响,采用不同的湍流模式对涌潮传播过程中水流的运动特征开展研究。通过与涌潮河段实测资料的验证,复演涌潮到达前后水流运动特征,给出涌潮水流湍动能的变化过程。研究成果有助于深入认识涌潮水流紊动特征和流速的分布规律,为涌潮作用下物质输运的研究提供基础。  相似文献   

17.
遥感水边线技术在潮间带冲淤分析研究中的应用   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以辽东湾盘锦滩为试验区,利用遥感水边线方法研究了潮间带的冲淤演变,结合遥感水边线和海图0m线边界建立了3个时段的潮滩数字高程模型,获得了辽东湾盘锦滩不同时段近20a来的冲淤空间变化,并用2008年实测地形资料对遥感水边线和反演地形进行了评价。研究结果表明,从Landsat5,4,2合成彩色影像上目视解译的水边线与实测地形走向相近;实测地形与反演地形之间的误差集中在-0.9m~0.8m之间,平均误差为-0.16m,标准偏差为0.40,误差在±0.6m之间的区域占总面积的81.1%。遥感技术作为一种补充手段,可用于潮间带岸滩演变空间分析,其精度有待于进一步提高。  相似文献   

18.
Estuarine tidal flats are both ecologically and economically important, hence developing methods to reliably measure ecosystem health is essential. Because benthic fauna play a central role in the food web of tidal flats, in this study we set out to quantitatively describe the intertidal zonation of macro-invertebrates and their associations with specific environmental parameters along three transects in the Saemangeum tidal flat, Korea. The abundance and biomass of intertidal fauna with respect to five environmental parameters (i.e., shore level, mud content, coarse sand content, water content, and organic content) were measured, to identify environmental factors that influence macrofaunal distribution in intertidal soft bottom habitats. A total of 75 species were identified, with dominant species showing distinct zones of distribution along all transects. The number of species recorded in each transect was found to be dependent on sediment characteristics and salinity. Cluster analysis classified the entire study area into three faunal assemblages (i.e., location groups), which were delineated by characteristic species, including (A) ‘Periserrula–Macrophthalmus’, (B) ‘Umbonium–Meretrix’, and (C) ‘Prionospio–Potamocorbula’. Four environmental variables (i.e., shore level, water content, mud content, and organic content) appeared to determine factors that distinguished the three faunal assemblages, based on the discriminant analysis. The faunal assemblage types of the sampled locations were accurately predicted from environmental variables in two discriminant functions, with a prediction accuracy of 98%. It should be noted that the zonation of benthos in the lower section (C) of Sandong had been affected by the construction of a nearby dike, while this parameter had remained essentially unchanged at the other two location groups (A–B). Overall, the zonation of benthos from the Saemangeum tidal flat was explained adequately by the measured environmental variables, implying that faunal assemblages are closely associated with certain combinations of abiotic factors. The identification of such reliable associations may facilitate the development of statistical models to predict faunal distributions based on environmental variables at both local and regional scales. The entire study area was embanked in 2006 (one year after this study), and an integrated plan was set into force to develop claimed land into industrial, residential and agricultural districts, which also included a partial restoration program of the tidal flats located near to the study area.  相似文献   

19.
This paper aims to reveal spatial variation in the abundance of infaunal bivalves and polychaetes at different spatial scales (station: 200–800 m intervals; plot: 5–20 m), and to reveal environmental variables affecting the spatial distribution of animals in the Natori River estuary, Japan. We found six bivalve species and eight polychaete species from 52 plots at 12 stations. Nuttallia olivacea and Heteromastus sp. were found to be the most abundant species of bivalves and polychaetes, respectively. Assemblage patterns of bivalves and polychaetes were classified into five distinct groups. Substrata (silt-clay contents), salinity, and relative elevation were the variables found to affect the infaunal assemblage patterns. Chlorophyll a was not a significant variable, but benthic animals were absent at sites with extremely low chlorophyll a conditions. Macrobenthic assemblage patterns were different not only between stations but often differed between plots at the same station, reflecting the complex assemblage structure of benthic invertebrates. Detailing such animal–environment relationship is essential in understanding the potential food supply for estuarine fishes.  相似文献   

20.
The influence of salinity on growth and Cu uptake in the green macroalga Ulva reticulata collected from the intertidal area in the Western Indian Ocean was studied under controlled laboratory conditions. Exposure concentrations ranged from 5 to 500 μg Cu l−1 at five salinities (ranging 20–40). The accumulation of Cu increased with decreasing salinity, so that the uptake at 500 μg Cu l−1 was approximately 2.7, 2.4 and 2.0 times higher at salinities of 20, 25, and 30 respectively, than uptake at salinity of 35, and with uptake being lowest at salinity of 40. Ulva maintained a positive growth rate over the whole salinity range (20–40), with highest rates at salinity of 35. When exposing to Cu at low salinities (20 and 25), the growth rate of Ulva was strongly inhibited suggesting an increase in toxicity of Cu with decreasing salinity. EC50 and NOEC increased with increase in salinity, implying a reduced Cu toxicity at high salinities. It was concluded that salinity needs to be considered when using macroalgae, such as U. reticulata, as a bioindicator of heavy metals in areas with heavy rainfall, underground fresh water intrusion or in estuaries, as they might accumulate more metals and be more negatively affected.  相似文献   

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