西准噶尔夏尔莆岩体岩浆混合的地球化学证据

夏尔莆岩体是西准噶尔地区典型的岩浆混合花岗岩体之一,由寄主岩石、微细粒镁铁质包体、中基性岩墙群3部分组成。元素地球化学成分的双扩散和相关度是判别岩浆化学混合的最有效手段之一。寄主岩石和中基性岩墙群的地球化学特征差异明显,具不同的演化特征。微细粒镁铁质包体与寄主岩石之间存在强烈的元素双扩散作用,与中基性岩墙又存在亲缘性,地球化学特征具两者之间的过渡性。初步认为夏尔莆岩体是以寄主岩石为代表的地壳岩浆和以微细粒镁铁质包体和中基性岩墙代表的地幔岩浆之间混合的产物。地球化学显示的岩浆混合信息印证了岩相学揭示的岩浆混合成因,为解决该岩体久存的成因分歧从地球化学角度提供了重要依据。     

新疆西准噶尔夏尔莆岩体岩浆混合的岩相学证据

夏尔莆岩体由寄主岩石、微粒镁铁质包体和中基性岩墙群组成,具丰富、典型的岩浆混合岩相学特征.野外露头,寄主岩石中暗色矿物分布不均并发育暗色矿物集合体、微小的镁铁质包体和不均匀混合条带;包体具有明显的塑性变形,与寄主岩石或界线截然或渐变过渡,常发育反向脉和寄主岩石中的长石巨晶(捕虏晶);中基性岩墙群与微粒镁铁质包体紧密共生并延伸方向基本一致,发育寄主岩石中的长石捕虏晶,被寄主岩的反向脉横切.在镜下,包体与寄主岩混合带中均发育斜长石异常环带和多种不平衡矿物共生现象,包体中发育针状磷灰石.这些特征表明镁铁质包体和中基性岩墙群来源于与寄主岩石同一岩浆事件的基性岩浆,并与其发生了强烈的岩浆混合作用.岩相学特征为夏尔莆岩体岩浆混合成因提供了重要佐证.     

西准噶尔夏尔莆岩体岩浆混合岩石化学证据

夏尔莆岩体是西准噶尔地区较典型岩浆混合花岗岩.岩体由寄主岩石(中酸性侵入岩)、微粒镁铁质包体和中基性岩墙群3部分组成.寄主岩石(中酸性侵入岩)与微细粒镁铁质包体具相似岩石化学特征,有明显元素双扩散现象.在图解中,寄主岩石具良好线型岩浆混合演化特征,微细粒镁铁质包体也位于演化趋势上,显示两者具共同成因联系,中基性岩墙群具独立演化趋势,属不同岩浆端元.岩石化学显示的岩浆混合信息与岩相学表现的岩浆混合特征完全吻合,支持岩浆混合成因认识,为解决该岩体成因分歧提供重要依据.     

新疆西准噶尔夏尔莆岩体中微粒镁铁质包体特征及意义

夏尔莆岩体寄主岩石为闪长岩-花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩组合,其中镁铁质微粒包体十分发育.包体个体大小悬殊.多密集成群、成带状分布,具明显塑性变形特征.包体与寄主岩石或界线截然或渐变过渡.包体中发育斜长石异常环带、针状磷灰石和来自寄主岩石中的长石捕虏晶,包体中不平衡矿物间的共生现象普遍.岩相学特征表明为基性岩浆和酸性岩浆经岩浆混合作用而成.这一新认识为探讨夏尔莆岩体及达尔布特花岗岩带成因提供新佐证.     

西秦岭温泉花岗岩岩石化学特征及岩浆混合信息

西秦岭温泉岩体是壳幔混浆的产物。寄主岩石以贫CaO富FeOtot为特征 ,ANKC值大于 1 1 ,NK A值均小于 0 9,属铝过饱和钙碱性系列岩石 ,系上地壳碎屑岩类熔融而成。基性端元暗色微细粒镁铁质包体及基性岩墙 ,高Na2 O及K2 O ,而贫FeOtot。两类岩浆混合形成的混浆花岗岩 ,岩石地球化学介于两个端元并有显著的过渡特征和依从关系反映了重要的岩浆混合信息     

西秦岭糜署岭岩体镁铁质微粒包体的特征及成因

糜署岭岩体的岩石组合为灰白色似斑状二长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩-石英闪长岩，其中镁铁质微粒包体十分发育。包体密集成群、成带状分布，个体大小悬殊且有定向性。有的包体具有细粒边，有的见冷凝边；包体与寄主岩石在成分、色率以及组构上多呈弱过渡关系，界线模糊；包体中发育斜长石异常环带及针状磷灰石，常有寄主岩石中的钾长石巨晶(捕虏晶)。这些特征提供了基性岩浆与酸性岩浆混合的证据，也为探讨本区中生代壳幔混合作用和地壳增生提供了信息。     

浙东早白垩世岩浆混合作用：新昌小将岩体U-Pb年代学及地球化学证据

在中国东南沿海地区广泛发育的中生代中酸性岩浆岩中多处发现了暗色包体,被认为是大规模壳幔相互作用和岩浆混合作用的产物。本文获得了浙东新昌地区小将岩体的花岗岩及暗色闪长质包体的锆石U-Pb年代学和和地球化学新结果。锆石U-Pb定年表明寄主花岗岩(121.1±0.9Ma)与暗色闪长质包体(117.6±1.0Ma)近于同期形成于早白垩纪。寄主花岗岩为高硅、富碱、富钾、准铝质或弱过铝质的钙碱性花岗岩,具有较强的铕负异常(δEu=0.23~0.30)和Sr、Ba、P和Ti等元素的亏损,属于高分异的I型花岗岩;暗色闪长质包体具有重稀土亏损的特征,与寄主花岗岩在主量和微量元素上呈现混合作用趋势。小将岩体的上述特征与浙东晚中生代和福建沿海同期的岩浆岩特征一致,它们可能都是在早白垩纪伸展构造背景下,起源于俯冲交代的岩石圈地幔部分熔融产生的基性岩浆或者演化为闪长质成分,并与壳源花岗质岩浆发生混合作用的结果。本文研究为浙东及浙闽沿海地区晚中生代壳-幔作用和岩浆混合作用提供了新的证据。     

云南马厂箐岩体中深源包体特征及其锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄

马厂箐岩体属于滇西富碱侵入岩的重要组成部分,在马厂箐岩体中发现了镁铁质暗色深源包体,这对于研究滇西富碱侵入岩带的起源、演化、成岩成矿作用以及区域地球动力学机制具有重要意义。本文基于对深源包体地质特征研究,通过开展LA-ICPMSU-Pb锆石定年,得到花岗斑岩中镁铁质深源包体锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为35.13±0.23Ma(MSWD=0.64),与其寄主岩花岗斑岩年龄(35.0±0.2Ma)和(似)斑状花岗岩年龄(33.78±0.21Ma)较为一致,结合深源包体及其寄主岩锆石的Th/U比值及Ti温度计特征,证明了包体的岩浆混合成因。分析认为:马厂箐富碱侵入岩体为壳源岩浆与幔源岩浆混合作用的产物;包体与其寄主岩具有相同或相似的岩浆演化过程;35Ma左右存在幔源岩浆的底侵注入,幔源岩浆的注入混合可能是这套岩浆成矿的关键。     

岩浆混合作用:来自岩石包体的证据

镁铁质岩浆与长英质岩浆之间的混合作用是导致壳幔混源花岗岩类形成的主要机制。暗色、细粒且具火成结构的岩石包体是指示岩浆混合作用存在的可靠证据。这些岩石包体具有下列特征:(1)包体常呈等轴状,表明包体岩浆曾以液态球滴状存在于寄主岩浆中;(2)由于基性岩浆温度恒高于酸性岩浆(温度超出约300℃),这类包体常具有淬冷边;(3)包体有时含有反向脉;(4)包体中能见到自寄主岩浆捕获的长石捕虏晶。进一步分析了三个典型的含暗色微粒包体的花岗质杂岩(平潭、普陀山、花山—姑婆山)研究实例,认为暗色微粒包体的形成,可用来自深部岩浆房的玄武质岩浆向浅部酸性岩浆房的注入作用来解释。     

岩浆混合作用与火成岩多样性的耦合关系:以东昆仑造山带白日其利长英质岩体为例

壳-幔岩浆相互作用如何影响长英质火成岩的岩石学多样性是当前岩石学研究的焦点问题之一.以岩石类型丰富的东昆仑白日其利长英质岩体和暗色微粒包体为研究对象,开展系统的锆石U-Pb年代学、矿物学、全岩元素地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究,探讨和解析这一重要科学问题.LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,暗色微粒包体（247.8±2.0 Ma）与二长花岗岩（247.5±1.4 Ma）、花岗闪长岩（248.8±2.1 Ma）和石英闪长岩（248.8±1.5 Ma）均侵位结晶于早三叠世.岩相学和矿物学研究表明,白日其利长英质岩石与包体的成因机制与壳-幔岩浆的机械或化学混合作用密切相关.元素地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成研究揭示,幔源镁铁质岩浆端元起源于受俯冲板片流体交代的富集地幔熔融,而壳源长英质岩浆端元则起源于东昆仑古老的变质杂砂岩基底.岩石成因分析揭示,幔源镁铁质岩浆侵入长英质晶粥岩浆房,促使长英质晶粥发生活化,随后壳-幔岩浆端元以不同比例和不同方式发生机械和化学混合等相互作用,从而形成镁铁质岩墙、包体、石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩等多种岩石类型.晶粥状态下壳-幔岩浆相互作用是控制东昆仑长英质火成岩多样性和大陆地壳生长演化的重要方式.      

班公湖-怒江缝合带西段阿翁错复式岩体的岩浆混合成因:地球化学、年代学和暗色微粒包体证据

阿翁错复式岩体位于班公湖-怒江缝合带西段,是班公湖-怒江特提斯洋俯冲消减,造山过程中岩浆响应的重要组成部分,以广泛发育暗色微粒包体和岩浆混合、不协调现象为特征。本文以阿翁错复式岩体为研究对象,对寄主岩和暗色微粒包体开展了系统的地质学、地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究,探讨了阿翁错复式岩体的岩浆混合成因。暗色微粒包体塑性变形特征明显,与寄主岩呈截然或渐变接触,偶见反向脉发育,包体具细-中粗粒结构,含斜长石、钾长石、角闪石、暗色镶边石英等斑晶,偶见角闪石斑晶横跨包体和寄主岩,在包体及包体周围寄主岩中见长柱状斜长石、角闪石和针状磷灰石等结构特征,表明暗色微粒包体为岩浆混合作用的产物。寄主岩与包体均为准铝质、钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列岩石,主要氧化物含量在Harker图解上具有良好的线性关系,稀土元素配分曲线图和微量元素蛛网图具有高度一致性,表明二者具有强烈的地球化学亲源关系,且经历了相似的岩浆演化过程。寄主岩和暗色微粒包体的成岩年龄分别为109. 1±1. 0Ma和107. 4±0. 7Ma,岩浆混合作用发生在早白垩世晚期,处于班公湖-怒江特提斯洋由弧-陆碰撞向陆陆碰撞的转换阶段即软碰撞阶段。研究表明,在班公湖-怒江特提斯洋向北向羌塘地块之下俯冲的背景下,洋壳脱水,引起上覆地幔楔发生部分熔融,形成镁铁质岩浆,镁铁质岩浆向上运移,并底侵于壳-幔边界,引发下地壳物质发生部分熔融,形成长英质岩浆,当镁铁质岩浆从底部注入长英质岩浆房时,镁铁质岩浆快速冷凝,形成部分色率高、粒度细,具冷凝边的包体,与寄主岩呈截然型接触,随着端元岩浆之间的温差逐渐降低,包体色率降低,粒度变大,与寄主岩呈渐变过渡。     

Timing of Magma Mixing in the Gangdisě Magmatic Belt during the India-Asia Collision： Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb Dating

Abstract  Abundant mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) extensively distribute in granitoids in the Gangdisê giant magmatic belt, within which the Qüxü batholith is the most typical MME‐bearing pluton. Systematic sampling for granodioritic host rock, mafic microgranular enclaves and gabbro nearby at two locations in the Qüxü batholith, and subsequent zircon SHRIMP II U‐Pb dating have been conducted. Two sets of isotopic ages for granodioritic host rock, mafic microgranular enclaves and gabbro are 50.4±1.3 Ma, 51.2±1.1 Ma, 47.0±1 Ma and 49.3±1.7 Ma, 48.9±1.1 Ma, 49.9±1.7 Ma, respectively. It thus rules out the possibilities of mafic microgranular enclaves being refractory residues after partial melting of magma source region, or being xenoliths of country rocks or later intrusions. Therefore, it is believed that the three types of rocks mentioned above likely formed in the same magmatic event, i.e., they formed by magma mixing in the Eocene (c. 50 Ma). Compositionally, granitoid host rocks incline towards acidic end member involved in magma mixing, gabbros are akin to basic end member and mafic microgranular enclaves are the incompletely mixed basic magma clots trapped in acidic magma. The isotopic dating also suggested that huge‐scale magma mixing in the Gangdisê belt took place 15–20 million years after the initiation of the India‐Asia continental collision, genetically related to the underplating of subduction‐collision‐induced basic magma at the base of the continental crust. Underplating and magma mixing were likely the main process of mass‐energy exchange between the mantle and the crust during the continental collision, and greatly contributed to the accretion of the continental crust, the evolution of the lithosphere and related mineralization beneath the portion of the Tibetan Plateau to the north of the collision zone.     

内蒙古沙德盖花岗岩岩浆混合作用:岩相学、矿物化学和年代学证据

华北地台北缘乌拉山地区的沙德盖钾长花岗岩体中普遍发育以二长岩为主的暗色微粒包体,包体具塑性流变特征,与寄主岩的接触界线或为截然或为渐变过渡。岩相学观察表明,包体中发育多种反映岩浆混合作用的典型组构,如石英眼斑、环斑长石、镁铁质团块、钾长石巨晶的溶蚀、磷灰石的针柱状形貌、长石中的包体带以及钙长石的"针尖"结构等。造岩矿物的电子探针分析表明,岩浆混合在沙德盖岩体的形成中起了重要作用,寄主花岗岩浆主要来自下地壳,而暗色包体岩浆则主要为地幔来源。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素定年结果显示,沙德盖花岗岩及其暗色微粒包体的形成时代基本一致,分别为233.4±2.3Ma和229.7±1.5Ma(中三叠世),进一步佐证了该岩体是岩浆混合作用的产物。研究认为,当铁镁质岩浆与长英质岩浆混合时,早期基性岩浆的快速淬冷形成了边界清楚、具明显冷凝边且暗色矿物含量较高的包体;随着两种不同成分岩浆之间温差的减小以及组分的交换,进一步形成了颜色较浅、边界渐变过渡和无明显冷凝边的包体。     

东准噶尔卡拉麦里地区黄羊山花岗岩和包体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及地质意义

高精度LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,黄羊山岩浆混合花岗岩加权平均~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄为311±12Ma,首次获得闪长质微细粒包体加权平均~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄为300±6Ma,在误差范围内完全一致,均属于晚石炭世,前者代表黄羊山岩浆混合花岗岩成岩年龄,后者代表暗色闪长质微粒包体的形成年龄,表明两者是同时代形成的,属于300Ma前后准噶尔周边地区后碰撞岩浆活动的产物.岩石地球化学研究表明,寄主岩石具有高硅、低铝、贫钙镁、富碱和高分异的特征,寄主岩石、包体和辉绿岩脉成分均落在了混合趋势线上,寄主岩富集Rb和Th等大离子亲石元素及Zr、Hf等高场强元素,亏损Ba、Sr、Ta和Ti等元素,δEu值(为0.01)极低,具有低的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr初始比值和高正的ε_(Nd)(t)值.黄羊山碱性花岗岩是在后碰撞拉张的构造背景下,幔源岩浆发生底垫作用,由于幔源岩浆底垫作用,下地壳温度升高而熔融形成酸性壳源岩浆,部分幔源岩浆沿着地壳中的深断裂带上涌,发生不同程度壳幔混合形成的,其中闪长质微细粒包体就是基性的幔源岩浆和酸性的壳源岩浆不同程度的混合的记录者,研究区的辉绿岩脉是幔源岩浆直接分异演化的产物.     

Fingerprinting feldspar phenocrysts using crystal isotopic composition stratigraphy: implications for crystal transfer and magma mingling in S-type granites

 Microsampling of cm-scale feldspar crystals within an S-type granite from the Lachlan Fold Belt of southeastern Australia has revealed complex internal Sr and Nd isotopic variations. The observed isotopic zonations are in part interpreted as recording feldspar crystallisation in a dynamically mixing magma system, the isotopic composition of which was varying in response to the influx of more mafic and isotopically more mantle-like magmas, the latter stages of which are now represented in modified form by microgranular enclaves. Similar core to rim isotopic variations in feldspar megacrysts from a microgranular enclave and the adjacent host granite strongly suggest megacrysts in the enclave were transferred from the granitic magma during crystallisation. Feldspar rims have higher ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_i and lower ɛ_Nd(i) than adjacent whole rock analyses, but match those of mineral separates from the surrounding enclave matrix. This suggests that the final stages of megacryst growth occurred in the presence of a component that had previously interacted with a high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, low ɛ_Nd(i) component such as metasedimentary wall rocks. Isotopic heterogeneities are also presererved within different mineral phases in the enclave matrix, suggesting that differing phases grew at differing stages of equilibration between the enclave magma and its host granitic magma. Our results reveal major isotopic heterogeneities on a single crystal and also inter-mineral scale in a pluton which shows well constrained evidence for magma mingling. These results indicate the suitability of feldspars as recorders of isotopic change in magmatic systems, even those which have cooled slowly in the plutonic environment and suggest that much heterogeneity in plutonic systems may be overlooked on a whole rock scale. Received: 28 September 1998 / Accepted: 29 December 1999     

Granite,gabbro and mafic microgranular enclaves in the Gejiu area,Yunnan Province,China: a case of two-stage mixing of crust- and mantle-derived magmas

Geochronological, geochemical, whole-rock Sr–Nd, and zircon Hf isotopic analyses were carried out on the Jiasha Gabbro, mafic microgranular enclaves (MME) and host Longchahe Granite samples from the Gejiu area in the southeast Yunnan province, SW China, with the aim of characterizing their petrogenesis. Compositional zoning is evident in the gabbro body as the cumulate textures and mineral proportions in the gabbro interior are distinct from the gabbro margin. The Longchahe Granite largely comprises metaluminous quartz monzonite with distinctive K-feldspar megacrysts, but also contains a minor component of peraluminous leucogranite. The MME have spheroidal to elongated/lenticular shapes with sharp, crenulated and occasionally diffuse contacts with the host granite, which we attribute to the undercooling and disaggregation of mafic magma globules within the cooler host felsic magma. Field observations, geochronology, geochemistry, Sr–Nd and zircon Hf isotopic compositions point to a complex petrogenesis for this granite–MME–gabbro association. Zircon ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages determined by LA-ICP-MS for a mafic enclave, its host granite and the gabbro body are 83.1 ± 0.9 Ma, 83.1 ± 0.4 Ma and 83.2 ± 0.4 Ma, respectively, indicating coeval crystallization of these igneous rock units. Crystal fractionation processes can explain much of the compositional diversity of the Jiasha Gabbro. The geochemical features of the gabbro, such as high Mg^# (up to 70) and Cr (up to 327 ppm), enrichment in LILEs (e.g., Rb, Ba, K₂O) and LREEs, and depletion in HFSE (e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti), together with initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of 0.708–0.709 and negative εNd(t) values (−5.23 to −6.45), indicate they were derived from a mantle source that had undergone previous enrichment, possibly by subduction components. The Longchahe Granite has a large range of SiO₂ (59.87–74.94 wt%), is distinctly alkaline in composition, and has Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic compositions ((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i > 0.712, εNd(t) = −6.93 to −7.62 and εHf(t) = −5.8 to −9.9) that are indicative of derivation from a crustal source. However, the most primitive rocks of Longchahe Granite are compositionally distinct from any feasible crustal melt. We interpret the spectrum of rock types of the Longchahe Granite to have formed via mixing between crustally derived peraluminous leucogranite magma and mantle-derived magma of similar heritage to the Jiasha Gabbro. We speculate that this mixing event occurred early in the magmatic history of these rocks at relatively high temperature and/or deep in the crust to allow efficient physical mixing of magmas. Saturation and accumulation of K-feldspar and zircon in the mixed magma is invoked to explain the megacrystic K-feldspar and elevated K₂O and Zr content of some of the granitic rocks. A later episode of magma mixing/mingling is preserved as the MME that have geochemical and isotopic compositions that, for the most part, are intermediate between the granite and the gabbro. The MME are interpreted to be fractionated melts of mafic magma related to gabbro that were subsequently injected into the cooler, partly crystalline granitic magma. Mingling and mixing processes within the convectively dynamic upper crustal magma chamber resulting in a hybrid (MME) magma. During this second mixing episode, element interdiffusion, rather than bulk physical mixing, is interpreted to be the dominant mixing process.     

Timing of granitic magma mixing in the southeastern Gyeongsang Basin,Korea: SHRIMP-RG zircon data

Late Cretaceous calc-alkaline granites in the Gyeongsang Basin evolved through the mixing of mafic and felsic magmas. The host granites contain numerous mafic magmatic/microgranular enclaves of various shapes and sizes. New SHRIMP-RG zircon U–Pb ages of both granite and mafic magmatic/microgranular enclaves are 75.0?±?0.5 Ma and 74.9?±?0.6 Ma, respectively, suggesting that they crystallized contemporaneously after magma mixing. The time of injection of mafic melt into the felsic magma chamber can be recognized as approximately 75 Ma by field relations, petrographic features, geochemical evolution, and SHRIMP-RG zircon dating. This Late Cretaceous magma mixing event in the Korean Peninsula was probably related to the onset of subduction of the Izanagi (Kula)–Pacific ridge.