改进的距离约束最小二乘模糊度搜索算法

针对短基线最小二乘模糊度搜索算法搜索效率低的缺点,该文提出了一种改善模糊度搜索空间以提高模糊度搜索效率的方法。最小二乘搜索算法通过基线长度范围确定模糊度搜索空间,完成模糊度的搜索和确认。距离约束的短基线模糊度搜索空间是一个空心椭球,各模糊度之间具有相关性,影响模糊度搜索效率。该文通过最小二乘去相关调整方法降低模糊度之间的相关性,减少搜索次数。实验证明,该算法的搜索效率提高了25%以上,且随着基线长度的增加,搜索效率有更多的提升。     

附有基线长度约束的模糊度快速解算方法

在超短基线数据处理中,基线长度可以通过钢尺精确测量,把基线长度作为约束条件,提出了一种附有基线长度约束的快速解算模糊度的搜索新方法.根据双差观测方程得出模糊度浮点解,在浮点解周围建立模糊度搜索空间,利用基线长度约束条件搜索模糊度整数解,进而快速确定基线解.通过一个算例展示该方法的效果.     

GPS姿态测量中模糊度搜索方法的确定与比较

GPS载波相位观测值作为高精度观测量在姿态测量中得到广泛应用。姿态测量系统中,基线长度可以通过提前量测精确求得。作为约束条件,可以用于模糊度搜索,提高模糊度搜索效率和准确度。本文介绍了传统的LAMBDA方法,且在此基础上提出了附有基线长度约束的LAMBDA搜索方法,并比较了两者的搜索效率。     

附有基线约束的LAMBDA算法整周模糊度确定

利用刚性载体上基线长度不变的特性,提高传统LAMBDA算法搜索模糊度的效率和准确度.对附有基线约束的单频LAMBDA算法进行了探讨,研究了动态定位中,利用较少历元,通过基线长度约束,提高模糊度解算成功率.     

一种改进的北斗三频基线解算方法

针对北斗导航系统目前是唯一能够播发真正实用三频信号的优势,该文中分析了最小二乘降相关搜索(LAMBDA)法与TCAR法在北斗三频模糊度解算中各自的优缺点。根据TCAR法在中短基线中超宽巷与宽巷模糊度固定成功率较高的特点,该文中提出了一种附有模糊度约束条件的北斗三频基线解算模型。通过北斗实测数据实验分析可知,相对于传统的三频定位模型,在短基线情况下具有超宽巷与宽巷模糊度约束的北斗三频定位模型的模糊度固定成功率较高;同时在中等长度基线情况下,模糊度固定速度和坐标收敛速度也比传统模型快。     

一种改进的北斗三频基线解算方法

针对北斗导航系统目前是唯一能够播发真正实用三频信号的优势,该文中分析了最小二乘降相关搜索(LAMBDA)法与TCAR法在北斗三频模糊度解算中各自的优缺点。根据TCAR法在中短基线中超宽巷与宽巷模糊度固定成功率较高的特点,该文中提出了一种附有模糊度约束条件的北斗三频基线解算模型。通过北斗实测数据实验分析可知,相对于传统的三频定位模型,在短基线情况下具有超宽巷与宽巷模糊度约束的北斗三频定位模型的模糊度固定成功率较高;同时在中等长度基线情况下,模糊度固定速度和坐标收敛速度也比传统模型快。     

一种改进的北斗三频基线解算方法

针对北斗导航系统目前是唯一能够播发真正实用三频信号的优势,该文中分析了最小二乘降相关搜索(LAMBDA)法与TCAR法在北斗三频模糊度解算中各自的优缺点。根据TCAR法在中短基线中超宽巷与宽巷模糊度固定成功率较高的特点,该文中提出了一种附有模糊度约束条件的北斗三频基线解算模型。通过北斗实测数据实验分析可知,相对于传统的三频定位模型,在短基线情况下具有超宽巷与宽巷模糊度约束的北斗三频定位模型的模糊度固定成功率较高;同时在中等长度基线情况下,模糊度固定速度和坐标收敛速度也比传统模型快。     

顾及基线先验信息的GPS模糊度快速解算

采用GPS相位观测值进行快速定位时,其解算模型严重病态,最小二乘解得的浮点模糊度精度差且相关性大,导致整周模糊度搜索空间过大,难以正确固定。本文提出一种顾及基线先验信息和模糊度线性约束的整数条件的GPS模糊度快速解算方法,先用顾及基线先验信息的正则化算法解得精度较高且相关性较小的浮点模糊度,以减小整周模糊度的搜索空间;再综合利用整周模糊度间的线性约束的整数条件和基线先验信息,进一步有效地减小模糊度搜索空间,提高搜索效率。算例表明:顾及基线先验信息的正则化算法有效地改善了模糊度浮点解,模糊度线性约束的整数条件有效地提高搜索效率和成功率。     

附有基线长度约束的单频数据单历元LAMBDA方法整周模糊度确定

针对某些GPS动态定位中基线长度精确已知的特性，提出了附有基线长度约束的LAMBDA方法，同时在实践中使用两步搜索，对LAMBDA方法进行了优化。实测数据处理结果表明，该方法对LAMBDA方法的改进效果较为显著，能在基线长度已知条件下较高成功率地确定单频单历元数据的整周模糊度。     

非线性基线长约束条件线性化近似对模糊度解算影响

GNSS动态相对定位中常附加非线性的基线长约束进行解算, 而LAMBDA方法只能处理无约束或者线性约束的模型, 为了应用LAMBDA方法, 应对非线性约束条件进行线性化近似。通常附加该约束后, 模糊度固定成功率会提高, 但对于超短基线有时反而会降低。何种条件下附加线性化近似的基线长约束条件可以提高模糊度固定成功率尚未有定论。本文基于附加基线长约束的GNSS相对定位数学模型, 推导基线长约束条件线性化近似余项对浮点解的最大影响值公式, 给出基线长约束能否线性化近似的诊断条件。当该条件满足时, 线性化近似余项影响可以忽略, 附加线性化近似的基线长约束可以改善浮点解解算精度, 提高模糊度固定成功率;若不满足, 则线性化近似余项影响可能不可以忽略, 附加约束会因浮点解有偏不能固定为正确的模糊度, 并通过算例验证了相关结论。     

New method for single epoch, single frequency land vehicle attitude determination using low-end GPS receiver

Stand-alone, unaided, single frequency, single epoch attitude determination is the most challenging case of GNSS compass processing. For land vehicle applications, the baseline approximately lies in the plane of the local geodetic horizon. This provides an important constraint that can be exploited to directly aid the ambiguity resolution process. We fully integrate the constraint into the observation equations, which are transformed orthogonally. Our method can acquire the high-quality float solution by means of a heading search strategy. The fixed solution is obtained by weighted constrained integer least squares for each possible heading. The correct solution is identified by three consecutive steps: Kolmogorov?CSmirnov test, heading verification, and global minimizer of the fixed ambiguity objective function. The analysis focuses on single frequency, single epoch land vehicle attitude determination using low-end GPS receivers with very low precision of carrier phase and code measurements. The error analysis is given for choosing a proper baseline length in practical application. Experimental results demonstrate that this scheme can improve the ambiguity success rate for very short baseline.     

差分GPS载波相位整周模糊度快速解算方法

本文提出了一种整周模糊度的快速求解方法,将差分GPS的测量值分配到主要测量值集合和次要测量值集合中,用主要集合中的相位测量值限定简约搜索空间,而次要集合中的相位测量值用来验证候选集合。利用已知的基线长度的约束条件,对搜索空间进行了简约,提高了求解整周模糊度的速度,同时,通过Cholesky分解提高搜索效率。     

基于北斗三频约束的中长基线解算研究

利用北斗三频模糊度易固定的特点,提出一种具有北斗三频约束的BDS/GPS基础模糊度快速解算方法。针对中长基线,利用多历元平滑无电离层组合模糊度,从无电离层组合模糊度中分离出北斗基础模糊度;然后将北斗基础模糊度带入基线解算模型中,约束求解出GPS基础模糊度,最后将GPS与BDS基础模糊度回带观测方程,可实现基线的快速解算。经北斗实测数据验证表明,文中方法可快速固定GPS基础模糊度,较传统卡尔曼滤波求解模糊度方法,大大减少正确固定模糊度所需的原始观测历元数,实现基线的快速解算。     

基于ICSO的DGPS整周模糊度的求解方法

针对差分全球定位系统(DGPS)模糊度解算过程中效率低,搜索慢的问题,对鸡群优化算法(CSO)进行适应性改进,并将改进后的鸡群优化算法(ICSO)应用到整周模糊度的快速解算中,利用卡尔曼滤波求出双差模糊度的浮点解和协方差矩阵,采用Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovasz (LLL)降相关算法对模糊度的浮点解和方差协方差矩阵进行降相关处理,以降低模糊度各分量之间的相关性,在基线长度固定的情况下,利用ICSO搜索整周模糊度的最优解. 采用经典算例进行仿真,仿真结果表明,与已有文献相比在整周模糊度的解算过程中改进的鸡群优化算法能有效提高搜索速度和求解成功率.      

Integer least-squares theory for the GNSS compass

Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) carrier phase integer ambiguity resolution is the key to high-precision positioning and attitude determination. In this contribution, we develop new integer least-squares (ILS) theory for the GNSS compass model, together with efficient integer search strategies. It extends current unconstrained ILS theory to the nonlinearly constrained case, an extension that is particularly suited for precise attitude determination. As opposed to current practice, our method does proper justice to the a priori given information. The nonlinear baseline constraint is fully integrated into the ambiguity objective function, thereby receiving a proper weighting in its minimization and providing guidance for the integer search. Different search strategies are developed to compute exact and approximate solutions of the nonlinear constrained ILS problem. Their applicability depends on the strength of the GNSS model and on the length of the baseline. Two of the presented search strategies, a global and a local one, are based on the use of an ellipsoidal search space. This has the advantage that standard methods can be applied. The global ellipsoidal search strategy is applicable to GNSS models of sufficient strength, while the local ellipsoidal search strategy is applicable to models for which the baseline lengths are not too small. We also develop search strategies for the most challenging case, namely when the curvature of the non-ellipsoidal ambiguity search space needs to be taken into account. Two such strategies are presented, an approximate one and a rigorous, somewhat more complex, one. The approximate one is applicable when the fixed baseline variance matrix is close to diagonal. Both methods make use of a search and shrink strategy. The rigorous solution is efficiently obtained by means of a search and shrink strategy that uses non-quadratic, but easy-to-evaluate, bounding functions of the ambiguity objective function. The theory presented is generally valid and it is not restricted to any particular GNSS or combination of GNSSs. Its general applicability also applies to the measurement scenarios (e.g. single-epoch vs. multi-epoch, or single-frequency vs. multi-frequency). In particular it is applicable to the most challenging case of unaided, single frequency, single epoch GNSS attitude determination. The success rate performance of the different methods is also illustrated.     

基于白噪声滤波技术及零空间约束的单频GPS模糊度解算方法

给出了一种适合单频GPS接收机的快速模糊度解算方法，利用白噪声技术提高了浮点解的精度，以基于零空间约束的累积残差和伪性能指标的比例检验法为主要的搜索策略，加速弃伪存真的过程，实验结果表明方法能快速、稳定的解算初始整周模糊度。     

Generalized integer aperture estimation for partial GNSS ambiguity fixing

In satellite navigation, the key to high precision is to make use of the carrier-phase measurements. The periodicity of the carrier-phase, however, leads to integer ambiguities. Often, resolving the full set of ambiguities cannot be accomplished for a given reliability constraint. In that case, it can be useful to resolve a subset of ambiguities. The selection of the subset should be based not only on the stochastic system model but also on the actual measurements from the tracking loops. This paper presents a solution to the problem of joint subset selection and ambiguity resolution. The proposed method can be interpreted as a generalized version of the class of integer aperture estimators. Two specific realizations of this new class of estimators are presented, based on different acceptance tests. Their computation requires only a single tree search, and can be efficiently implemented, e.g., in the framework of the well-known LAMBDA method. Numerical simulations with double difference measurements based on Galileo E1 signals are used to evaluate the performance of the introduced estimation schemes under a given reliability constraint. The results show a clear gain of partial fixing in terms of the probability of correct ambiguity resolution, leading to improved baseline estimates.