内蒙古自治区兴安盟一带浅覆盖区化探岩屑测量方法研究及其找矿意义

内蒙古自治区兴安盟一带,地貌景观以残山丘陵为主,草原区占较大比例。近几年,笔者通过多种比例尺的化探土壤及岩屑方法的研究,发现由于风化残积物、风积物及水系沉积物的并存,造成因采样介质的差异而直接影响地球化学测量效果。通过对比不同粒度的样品,发现金属矿物微颗粒以物理状态不均匀混合在土壤(B层)或岩屑介质内。研究结果显示,小于60目的细粒样品圈定的化探异常衬值小,各元素空间关系复杂;相反采用小于4目大于20目粒度,以C层岩屑为代表的采样粒级提取的异常,衬值更大更直观,能清晰地表现出各元素之间的空间结构,对确定找矿靶区具有重要的指导意义。     

内蒙古中东部半干旱荒漠草原景观区岩屑地球化学测量的方法技术及应用效果

内蒙古中东部半干旱荒漠草原景观区选择B层-5～+40目粗粒级段的风化岩屑样品可以有效地排除风成沙的干扰,突出成矿及指示元素的地球化学异常特征.文中介绍了该景观条件下开展岩屑地球化学测量的方法技术,分析了白音查干矿区、油房西矿区和小东沟矿区的化探异常特征和找矿成果.认为在半干旱荒漠草原景观区开展岩屑地球化学测量是行之有效的找矿方法,已取得了明显的化探异常圈定和地质找矿效果.     

岩屑测量在智利Henan D矿区地质勘查中的应用

在智利北部地区的地质找矿工作中,对安托法加斯塔Henan D矿区开展了岩屑粒度试验和1∶10 000岩屑地球化学测量。粒度试验表明,采集B+C层或C层-5~+40目岩屑样品能较好的反映地质特征;岩屑测量圈定了6处Cu-Au-Ag综合异常,通过槽探和钻探异常查证,发现了良好的找矿线索,该区具有找到铁氧铜金型铜矿的潜力。工作表明,在智利安托法加斯塔大区荒漠化景观区实施岩屑测量能够达到明确找矿目标、缩小找矿范围、确定找矿靶区的目的。     

甘肃省二只哈拉地区地球化学勘查实例分析

分析二只哈拉地区地球化学勘查资料认为,在以二只哈拉为代表的祁连山高寒地区进行1∶5万水系沉积物测量,样品粒度取-40目,可获得较好成果。在海拔3 000 m以上地段,采用1∶2.5万沟系次生土壤样测量,粒度取-40目上,欠合理性。采集小于0.5 cm的岩块,岩屑混合物测量,按原生晕的方法分析样品,能清晰圈定异常。各类化探异常成果预示了二只哈拉粱一带存在金矿（化）体,1∶1万岩屑异常基本圈定了矿化体范围。     

岩屑测量在甘肃北山地区水系沉积物测量弱异常区找矿中的应用——以任家山金矿的发现为例

甘肃北山地形低缓地区利用水系沉积物测量方法找矿的效果并不十分明显。项目组在北山开展1∶5万矿产远景调查时,针对地表矿化对水系弱异常开展了1∶1万岩屑测量的查证工作,在该景观区开展岩屑地球化学测量时选择C层-4~+20目粒级的样品可以有效地排除风成砂的干扰,突出成矿及指示元素的地球化学异常特征,提高找矿效果,通过对圈出岩屑异常的查证工作发现了任家山金矿,并对岩屑测量在甘肃北山景观区地球化学水系弱异常找矿中的应用进行探讨。     

秦岭成矿带Pb、Zn化探异常与铅锌矿 常无对应关系的原因

秦岭成矿带中Pb、Zn化探异常区常无铅锌矿,而铅锌矿区又常无Pb、Zn异常,这种Pb、Zn异常与铅锌矿的不对应关系,通常导致大量的Pb、Zn异常无找矿指示意义,甚至给找矿评价、勘查部署选区工作带来了某些误导。本次的大量实验研究表明,秦岭地区水系沉积物中Pb、Zn元素主要在较粗粒级(-10~+60目)组分和细粒(小于140目)组分两端粒级中富集,而在中等粒度(80~120目)中贫化。以往所采用的统一粒度(-60目)样品分析所圈定的Pb、Zn异常,主要是细粒级吸附态的Pb、Zn在远离铅锌矿源区富集的反映,强化了远离矿源“次生富集”的信息。据此建议,在秦岭地区开展的面积性化探工作中,首先通过典型矿区粒级试验,建立区内不同背景区成矿元素的合理粒级范围,使所选用的粒度组合(粗、中、细粒)对在不同粒级中富集的元素更具代表性,改变秦岭Pb、Zn等化探异常指导找矿工作的被动局面,确保化探工作能更好地指导地质找矿和勘查部署选区工作。     

1:20万区域化探方法核心技术"取样粒级"的讨论

内蒙古区域化探扫面采用水系沉积物测量(或土壤测量),取粗粒级样品,取得了较好的地质找矿效果,但局部景观区找矿效果受到了一些影响.我国南北方水系沉积物中元素含量呈"U"形分布,反映了南北方不同的风化类型,以及所取不同粒级样品的物质成分也不同;取粗粒级和细粒级样品均可能有化探异常显示,采用-5～+20目(0.9 mm≤A＜4 mm)和-120目(A＜-0.125 mm)组合粒级作为采样粒级.为提高工效,取样时可以采用-5目(或-20目)全粒级物质,也能获取更多的找矿信息.这种取样粒级技术,也适宜于全国各种不同的景观区的不同尺度的水系沉积物测量和土壤测量的化探工作.     

岩屑测量方法在干旱荒漠区的找矿效果——以贺兰山北段嘎拉斯台白钨矿的发现为例

贺兰山北段地区构造活运强裂,中酸性侵入岩发育,化探异常普遍存在,找矿标志信息丰富,是金、钨等矿产的富集区。该区属干旱低山丘陵荒漠地球化学景观区,前人在该区完成的1∶20万水系沉积物测量工作受采样介质、样品粒级、测试设备、分析方法等条件限制,获得的有用找矿信息不强。本次化探工作采用不规则网1∶5万岩屑测量、-4～+20目采样粒级及采样层位为C层的工作技术方法,共圈定30个综合异常,呈NE向带状分布。通过异常查证,新发现各类矿点、矿化点14处,圈定出3个找矿远景区,优选出9个找矿靶区,取得了较好的找矿成果。此外,本次工作首次在太古宇贺兰山岩群第二岩组硅化浅粒岩中发现了层控型白钨矿,其形成环境与国内已知的白钨矿矿床的形成环境完全不同,矿体产于太古宙中深变质岩系中,呈层状、似层状。此类矿床鲜有报道,因此,该钨矿的发现,对在前寒武纪中深变质岩中寻找层控型白钨矿具深远意义,也为该区在白钨矿找矿上提供了参考。     

内蒙东乌旗地区土壤地球化学测量及找矿效果

在东乌旗地区,用土壤地球化学测量发现了许多异常区（带）及找矿靶区,它们多与多金属矿有关,具有很大的找矿潜力.如阿尔哈达CH1、CH2、CH3、CH4号异常带,现正进行地质详查找矿;达赛脱Ⅱ-1号找矿靶区、花脑特Ⅰ-1号找矿靶区,经钻孔验证见到了工业矿体.哈巴特盖Ⅱ号异常区,土壤地球化学剖面加密测量证实为矿致异常,找矿潜力较大.     

东天山成矿带中段化探普查工作方法与找矿效果

在研究区开展的1∶5万化探工作统一采用土壤测量,采样粒级-4～+20目,能很好反映采样单元内的地质背景特征,多点组合的采样方法提高了样品的代表性。在取得可靠化探数据的基础上,采用元素含量与规模(面积大小)两个约束条件,圈定了一批有找矿前景的异常。通过开展异常查证,取得了良好的找矿效果,开拓了研究区的找矿空间。     

1:25000沟系沉积物地球化学测量方法有效性探讨——以东昆仑巴隆地区为例

青海东昆仑地区是青海省重要的金、铜、铁多金属成矿区,1∶250 000、1∶50 000水系沉积物地球化学测量工作在该区域圈定了众多的异常区,但总体查证程度偏低。为实现该区域找矿重大突破,选定巴隆地区部署开展了以采集水系沉积物为主、残坡积岩屑物质为辅的1∶25 000沟系沉积物地球化学测量工作,取得了较为突出的找矿效果。该项工作表明,在青海省东昆仑地区,1∶25 000沟系沉积物地球化学测量方法是一种有效的地质找矿工作手段。该方法能有效克服东昆仑地区北部水系不发育、风成物干扰严重,南部高山区碎石流发育、影响水系沉积物汇聚等因素对找矿的干扰,相对传统的地质找矿方法在异常查证过程中的适用性、可操作性更强,找矿效果好,能实现矿体的精确定位,对东昆仑的地质找矿工作具有借鉴作用。     

Geochemical Features and Metallogenic Prediction of the Caixiashan‐Weiquan Area in the East Tianshan Region

The Caixiashan-Weiquan area is an important ore concentration area in the eastern Tianshan metallogenic belt. Firstly, this paper studies geochemical features of 1564 samples of 1:200000 stream sediments of the Matoutan mapsheet, where the Caixiashan and Weiquan deposits are located. Processing, analysis and explanation of exploration geochemical data play an important role in the procedure of finding the ore, which are related to whether the measured elements content of geochemical samples can effectively guide the work of mineral exploration. As a highly nonlinear dynamical system, the neural network is more analogous to the human brains in terms of principles and features compared with conventional geochemical approaches. It can adapt itself to the environment, sum up laws, complete pattern recognition. Secondly, the authors used the Kohonen neural network to classify all samples based on 10 mineralization elements of stream sediment samples in order to determine possible mineral ores, reduce the scope of ore targets and study indicator elements of the ninth group of samples, which is the mostly closest to the deposit. The results show that the neural network can delineate metallogenic prospective areas and is effective in the discovery of deep geochemical information.     

西藏隆子县恰嘎村辉锑矿地质特征及找矿潜力

西藏隆子县恰嘎村辉锑矿区位于藏南错美—隆子锑金成矿带的中东部,恰嘎村辉锑矿的锑矿化带受近SN向煌斑岩脉与近SN向构造的控制。通过分析恰嘎村辉锑矿地质特征、1∶50000水系沉积物地球化学特征、1∶10 000土壤地球化学特征、1∶10 000物探中梯激电剖面特征和ETM+遥感影像特征等,认为恰嘎村辉锑矿区具有寻找辉锑矿等金属矿产的潜力。     

水系沉积物和典型土壤剖面地球化学试验--以江西九岭钨铜多金属矿集区为例

为了在成矿区带和矿集区找矿工作中有所突破,开展工作区内水系沉积物和土壤剖面地球化学的试验是一项不容忽视的工作。江西九岭钨铜多金属矿集区水系沉积物、典型土壤剖面地球化学试验表明：①在赣北九岭地区寻找岩浆热液型钨、铜多金属矿床的最佳指示元素是W、Sn、Cu、Mo、Bi、Ag、Cd、F;②地球化学普查（1∶25万-1∶5万）水系沉积物的采样位置应以一级水系的采样为主,辅以少量二级水系,采样粒度以10～60目的水系沉积物为宜;③地球化学详查（1∶5000-1∶10000）土壤地球化学测量采样层位为残积土壤B层,采样深度为20～40cm,采样粒度20～40目,或小于40目均可显示出较好的异常。     

Ordovician intrusive rocks from the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt in Northeast China: chronology and implications for bidirectional subduction of the early Palaeozoic Palaeo-Asian Ocean

ABSTRACT

The eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt is traditionally called the Xing’an Mongolia Orogenic Belt (XMOB). Ordovician intrusive rocks exposed in the XMOB, from north to south, are the Abaga-East Ujimqin Qi-Duobaoshan belt, the Sonid Zuoqi-West Ujimqin Qi belt, and the Damaoqi-Baimaimiao-Tulinkai belt, respectively. Zircon U–Pb dating and geochemical data are presented for the intrusive rocks in East Ujimqin Qi and West Ujimqin Qi, Inner Mongolia. The intrusive rocks from East Ujimqin Qi consist of gabbro, diorite, and granodiorite. LA-MC-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb ages range 446 to 461 Ma. Geochemical data suggest that the gabbros and diorites from East Ujimqin are a tholeiitic series, both of arc-related and N-MORB (mid-ocean ridge basalt) signature, indicating a back-arc basin setting. The granodiorites have a shoshonitic series and arc-related signature. Rare earth element (REE) patterns and trace element characteristics suggest gabbros, diorites, and granodiorites are petrogenetically correlated. These intrusive rocks from East Ujimqin Qi have high light REE, Th, and U concentrations, suggesting the effect of middle–upper continental crustal contamination. Major oxides display positive or negative correlations, with increasing MgO or SiO_2, indicating that fractional crystallization occurred during magma evolution. Geochemical data of diorite from West Ujimqin Qi indicate a tholeiitic series, arc-related signature. Zircon U–Pb dating yielded an age of 441.8 ± 1.5 Ma. Integrated with the regionally exposed Mid–Late Ordovician plutons and metasedimentary strata, we concluded that the northward subduction of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean (PAO) that occurred beneath the southern margin of the South Mongolian Micro-continent along the Sonid Zuoqi-Xilinhot gave rise to early Palaeozoic igneous rocks from the Abaga–East Ujimqin Qi–Duobaoshan and the Sonid Zuoqi–West Ujimqin Qi belts. Southward subduction beneath the North China Craton generated the Damaoqi–Baimaimiao–Tulinkai belt. The results support the bidirectional subduction model of the PAO in the early Palaeozoic.     

辽宁省草河掌—桓仁地区铜矿资源量地球化学定量预测

矿产资源地球化学模型建立与定量预测研究以成矿成晕地质、地球化学理论为指导,以各尺度勘查地球化学数据为基础,以现代GIS信息技术为手段,通过研究总结典型矿田(矿集区)、矿床的异常特征,建立成矿带内典型矿床地球化学找矿模型,为预测区的地球化学定量预测提供类比依据,从而进行资源量预测。在资源量预测过程中加入了相似度、剥蚀程度、衬值等要素,有效地加大了预测靶区遴选的可信度,通过类比法与面金属量法两种预测方法的加权平均,使预测资源量合理。文章对草河掌—桓仁地区铜矿资源量进行了估算,共新增预测铜资源量21 812.9t。     

Geochemical survey of rare earth elements (REEs) in the concealed ore body of Hongcheon,Korea

Because of the risk of diminishing supplies of rare earth elements (REEs) worldwide due to China’s dominance over REE supply, the necessity of developing domestic resources of REE has been realized in other countries. To explore new ore bodies, a geochemical survey was conducted at one existing carbonatite REE deposit in the Hongcheon area of Korea. Proper sampling strategies and baseline data for the interpretation of the results were determined through a pilot study conducted in the area. Enrichment in the concentration of light REE (LREE) over that of heavy REE, which is typical in carbonatite-type deposits, was observed in stream sediments and heavy mineral samples collected during the geochemical survey. Maximum concentrations of LREE were 2,299 and 27,798 mg/kg for stream sediments and heavy minerals, respectively. Among LREEs, La and Ce are the dominant components of all REEs, comprising approximately 68 % of mean concentrations. Considering the distribution pattern of La + Ce contents and the associations with the existing outcropping ore bodies, the zone of prospective REE mineralization was determined to be in the south-western part of the area. A detailed follow-up soil survey of the zone found even higher concentrations of La and Ce (2,450 and 3,100 mg/kg, respectively), and suggested the possible extension of the existing ore bodies. Likewise, a systematic geochemical survey for REE is feasible for locating concealed ore bodies in the area, where the mineralization is mostly covered with soil, and rock outcrops are scarce.