澜沧—耿马地震发震构造初步研究

本文根据澜沧—耿马地震形变带、极震区及余震序列分布特征,分析了7.6和7.2级地震的发震构造,认为北北西向旱母坝断层是7.2级地震的发震构造,7.6级地震的发震构造不是一条单一的断层,北西向木嘎断裂和北北西向澜沧—勐海断裂均有明显破裂表现,这一特点与震区复杂的地质构造背景有密切联系。     

滇西南地区双震序列应力触发及地震活动性研究

利用弹性半空间模型和岩石圈介质波速模型,计算了1976年龙陵7.3、7.4级地震和1988年澜沧-耿马7.6、7.2级地震2次双震间及对后续地震的应力变化影响,同时对该区未来地震活动性进行了研究。得到以下结论:1龙陵双震属共轭型双震活动,前一次地震的发生对后一次地震有抑制作用;而澜沧-耿马地震则属于牵动型双震活动,澜沧7.6级地震对其后的耿马7.2级地震有一定的触发作用,其库仑应力变化值为0.35bar;2绝大多数后续余震受到了主震的应力触发作用,其中龙陵双震触发效果较明显;3根据震后粘弹性松弛应力场变化得出,现阶段NW向的腾冲-龙陵、永德-勐省以及澜沧东南地区,NE向的瑞丽、镇安、大理、上允、永平等地区地震危险性有所增强,这与该区地震活动性增强相吻合。     

永胜6.0级地震的地质构造背景及发震构造

阐述了永胜Ms6．0级地震震区的地震地质构造背景与构造应力场，结合本次地震的裂度分布几何形态、震源机制解、主余震震中分布和地表破坏等资料，讨论了地震的发震构造，认为程海断裂宾川－金沙江段是该地震的发震断理解。程海断裂宾川－金沙江段以左旋走滑活动为主，兼具正断层性质。     

澜沧-耿马地震带下一个强震活跃期的初步研究

在震前对澜沧—耿马地震带大震复发周期为47年的研究基础上,确认滇西南地区出现了预释放加速段、一个孕震区和显著地震有序向源迁移的演变过程等这些大震孕育并进入中短期阶段的标志。并应用这些特征,对1988年11月6日的澜沧7.6级、耿马7.2级地震进行了预测,同时对澜沧—耿马地震带下一个新的强震活跃期的时间和可能发震的断层作了估计,提出了强震活跃期中大震孕育短临阶段预测可参考的思路。     

澜沧、耿马地震序列图象与发震构造讨论

本文分析了1988年11月6日云南澜沧、耿马地震序列的震中分布及迁移图象,发现其地震序列中主震及余震明显地沿北北西向分布。7.2级地震所形成的形变带沿北北西向旱母坝断层分布,表明该断层即为此次地震的发震构造。7.6级地震时,沿北西向木嘎断裂和北北西向澜沧—勐海断裂均形成明显的地震形变带,表明其发震构造较复杂。主震后的强余震活动与北东向断裂有密切关系。本文认为澜沧、耿马地震序列具有复杂的发震构造和破裂图象。     

民国时期滇西南地区三次强震补充调查

本文通过对民国时期发生在滇西南地区的1938年5月14日澜沧MS6.0级、1941年5月16日耿马MS7.0级和1941年12月26日澜沧MS7.0级3次地震历史资料的系统收集和整理,并在前人已有研究的基础上,通过现场采访和补充调查获得的新资料,修改和完善了这3次地震的等震线图和极震区范围,并结合该区地形地貌特征和断裂最新活动性研究结果,综合分析评述了其发震构造特征。结果表明,这3次强震发生在腾冲-澜沧新生地震带附近,分别与黑河断裂、南汀河断裂西支及澜沧断裂勐遮段的新活动密切相关。     

澜沧—耿马地震的地表破裂特征

本文通过对澜沦—耿马地震所形成的地震形变带中地震断层和构造地裂缝的追索、调查和实测,分析了澜沧—耿马地震地面破坏的组合类型及其与构造线的展有关系,对形成澜沧—耿马地震的应力场及控震、发震构造进行了初步研究。     

1976年龙陵地震地震地质特征的探讨

龙陵地震是由7个相对独立的次级序列组成的强震群,除了两次大震(M7.3,7.4)之外,还发生了M≥6的强震5次。 龙陵地震序列的主要成分发生在被三条大断裂包围的三角形断块内部。发震构造是由一系列规模不大的断层组成的“断层带”,这是一种新生的、处于崛起过程中的活构造,强震的发生是断层发展、连贯过程的体现。发震构造是由北北西—南北向和北东—北东东向的“断层带”交切而成的构造格架,在北北东向的主压应力场作用下,地震活动过程显示了突出的共轭性构造活动。 整个龙陵序列没有一条规模较大的构造统一控制,7个次级序列的主震有各自的破裂面,这些破裂面对震区地震活动的控制能力很低,说明龙陵地震的脆性“碎裂”特征。龙陵序列的主要成分发生在花岗岩基上,花岗岩的相对各向均一性是“碎裂”特征的物性基础。     

顾及先验信息的模型参数反演——澜沧—耿马地震位错模型参数的求定

采用澜沧－耿马地震前后两期大地测量资料，结合发震区的地质资料和震后地表形变破坏带的调查资料，运用顾及参数先验信息的贝叶斯反演方法，联合求定了澜沧－耿马地震的两个发震断层的位错模型参数，由反演后的位错模型推算的地震应力降同用地震波燃料的估算的应力降属同一量级。     

龙陵地震序列的震源机制特征

本文给出龙陵地震序列的应力场分布及发震断裂的分析结果。龙陵震区的区域构造背景是三条断裂所包围的三角形块体,龙陵地震序列发生在这个块体的内外。在此块体内外,地震机制有明显差别:在块体内部,大震及强余震主压应力轴方位以北北西为主,与区域应力场不一致,有一个相当大的夹角;在块体外面,强余震主压应力轴方位均为北北东,与区域应力场一致。 龙陵大震及强余震的发震断裂走向在块体内外也完全不同,并组成“”形格架。在块体内部,主震及强余震的发震断裂为北北东及北东东,在块体以外(北部)为北北西向。龙陵两个大震的发震断裂都在块体内部的规模相当小的次级断裂上,它们都不在任何一个边界断裂上。龙陵大震不是发生在大陆内部块体边界的地震,而是发生在块体内部的地震。这种震例是少见的。 作者强调指出,龙陵地震无论其区域构造背景、发震断裂分布、应力场分布及余震序列的时空发展、烈度分布、裂缝带、地表形变等实际资料均十分复杂,极具特色,是国内外少有的震例。     

STUDY ON THE SEISMOGENIC FAULT AND DYNAMICS PARAME-TERS OF THE 2014 MS6.6 JINGGU EARTHQUAKE IN YUNNAN

On October 17, 2014, a M_S6.6 earthquake occurred in Jinggu, Yunnan. The epicenter was located in the western branch of Wuliang Mountain, the northwest extension line of Puwen Fault. There are 2 faults in the surrounding area, one is a sinistral strike-slip and the other is the dextral. Two faults have mutual intersection with conjugate joints property to form a checkerboard faulting structure. The structure of the area of the focal region is complex. The present-day tectonic movement is strong, and the aftershock distribution indicates the faulting surface trending NNW. There is no obvious surface rupture related to the known fault in the epicenter, and there is a certain distance from the surface of the Puwen fault zone. Regional seismic activity is strong. In 1941, there were two over magnitude 7.0 earthquakes in the south of the epicenter of Jinggu County and Mengzhe Town. In 1988, two mainshock-aftershock type earthquakes occurred in Canglan-Gengma Counties, the principal stress axes of the whole seismic area is in the direction of NNE. Geological method can be adopted to clarify the distribution of surficial fracture caused by active faults, and high-precision seismic positioning and spatial distribution characteristics of seismic sequences can contribute to understand deep seismogenic faults and geometric features. Thus, we can better analyze the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of seismotectonics and the deep and shallow tectonic relationship. The focal mechanism reveals the property and faulting process to a certain extent, which can help us understand not only the active property of faults, but also the important basis for deep tectonic stress and seismogenic mechanism. In order to study the fault characteristic of the Jinggu earthquake, the stress field characteristics of the source area and the geometric parameters of the fault plane, this paper firstly uses the 15 days aftershock data of the Jingsuo M_S6.6 earthquake, to precisely locate the main shock and aftershock sequences using double-difference location method. The results show that the aftershock sequences have clustering characteristics along the NW direction, with a depth mainly of 5~15km. Based on the precise location, calculations are made to the focal mechanisms of a total of 46 earthquakes including the main shock and aftershocks with M_L ≥ 3.0 of the Jinggu earthquake. The double-couple(DC)component of the focal mechanism of the main shock shows that nodal plane Ⅰ:The strike is 239°, the dip 81°, and the rake -22°; nodal plane Ⅱ, the strike is 333°, the dip 68°, and the rake -170.31°. According to focal mechanism solutions, there are 42 earthquakes with a focal mechanism of strike-slip type, accounting for 91.3%. According to the distribution of the aftershock sequence, it can be inferred that the nodal plane Ⅱ is the seismogenic fault. The obtained focal mechanism is used to invert the stress field in the source region. The distribution of horizontal maximum principal stress orienation is concentrated. The main features of the regional tectonic stress field are under the NNE-SSW compression(P axis)and the NW-SE extension(T axis)and are also affected by NNW direction stress fields in the central region of Yunnan, which indicates that Jinggu earthquake fault, like Gengma earthquake, is a new NW-trending fault which is under domination of large-scale tectonic stress and effected by local tectonic stress environment. In order to define more accurately the occurrence of the fault plane of the Jinggu earthquake, with the precise location results and the stress field in the source region, the global optimal solution of the fault plane parameters and its error are obtained by using both global searching simulated annealing algorithm and local searching Gauss-Newton method. Since the parameters of the fault plane fitting process use the stress parameters obtained by the focal mechanism inversion, the data obtained by the fault plane fitting is more representative of the rupture plane, that is, the strike 332.75°, the dip 89.53°, and the rake -167.12°. The buried depth of the rupture plane is 2.746km, indicating that the source fault has not cut through the surface. Based on the stress field characteristics and the inversion results of the fault plane, it is preliminarily believed that the seismogenic structure of the Jinggu earthquake is a newly generated nearly vertical right-lateral strike-slip fault with normal component. The rupture plane length is about 17.2km, which does not extend to the Puwen fault zone. Jinggu earthquake occurred in Simao-Puer seismic region in the south of Sichuan-Yunnan plate. Its focal mechanism solution is similar to that of the three sub-events of the Gengma earthquake in November 1988. The seismogenic structure of both of them is NW-trending and the principal stress is NE-SW. The rupture plane of the Jinggu main shock(NW direction)is significantly different from the known near NS direction Lancang Fault and the near NE direction Jinggu Fault in the study area. It is preliminarily inferred that the seismogenic structure of this earthquake has a neogenetic feature.     

Seismogenic mechanism of the Lancang and Gengma earthquakes

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Complete Coulomb stress changes induced by the Ms7.6 earthquake in Lancang-Gengma,Yunnan and triggering of aftershocks by dynamic and static stress

The spatiotemporal evolution patterns of complete Coulomb stress changes caused by 1988 Ms7.6 earthquake in Lancang-Gengma,Yunnan,are calculated and studied.And the triggering problems of Ms7.2 Gengma shock occurring 13 minutes after the main shock and of Ms5.0―6.9 aftershocks within 24 days after the main shock are discussed.The results show that the spatial distribution patterns of complete Coulomb stress changes of the Ms7.6 main shock are strongly asymmetric.The areas of positive dynamic and static Coulomb stress are both coincident well with the strong aftershocks' locations.The Ms7.2 Gengma shock and most of strong aftershocks are subjected to the triggering effect of dynamic and static Coulomb stresses induced by the Ms7.6 Lancang earthquake.     

澜沧—耿马地震民用建筑震害

1988年11月6日云南澜沧—耿马相继发生7.6级和7.2级地震。本文介绍这次地震损失较重的澜沧、耿马、沧源和双江四个县的民用建筑震害,初步分析了震害的原因,研究了各类房屋的震害特征,总结了从震害中应吸取的经验教训,为地震灾区重建家园和房屋抗震设计提供依据。     

汶川、 芦山地震前后四川地区应力场时空演化

基于四川地区2000年1月~2014年6月M_L≥3.0地震震源机制解, 首先分析了四川地区各次级地块和不同断裂带的地震震源机制类型及整体应力场特征, 其次以汶川8.0级、 芦山7.0级地震为例, 研究两次强震发生前后四川各次级地块的主压应力时空演化特征。 获得的主要认识为: ① 四川各次级地块的地震震源机制比较紊乱, 反映了块体内部构造的复杂性, 而断裂带的地震震源机制则相对比较单一, 与其运动类型一致; ② 四川各次级地块及断裂带的整体应力方向比较一致, 优势方位呈现NW和NWW向, 倾角接近水平; ③ 汶川8.0级、 芦山7.0级地震发生前, 震中所在的龙门山断裂带中南段及川青地块的主压应力方位均出现过较好的一致性, 而在芦山地震后, 龙门山断裂带及川青、 川中地块的主压应力优势方位则转变为NE向。     

对1954年民勤7级地震的初步研究

较系统地研究了１９５４年民勤７级地震的宏观震中、震区烈度分布及地质构造背景等问题,并圈定了极震区范围,根据调查结果认为,该次地震是由于红崖山－四道山断裂在ＮＥ向或ＮＮＥ向主压应力作用下,发生左旋斜冲向东端扩张破裂的结果,与ＮＮＷ向构造带的复合也有一定的关系。     

华北地区中小地震应力场的优势方向

根据华北地区61次中、小地震（3.0≤M≤5.5）和10次M≥6.0大地震的震源机制结果的统计分析,得到地震释能应力场的优势方向,主压应力轴为70°-80°,主张应力轴为340°-350°,它们的仰角基本上小于45°。这表明,华北地区处于以北东东向水平压应力和北北西向水平张应力为主的现代构造应力场中。指出了这一地区6级以上地震和震源深度大于17公里的中、小地震应力场方向一致性较好,可能更接近构造应力场方向。华北地区一致性应力场的南缘,可能在秦岭、大别山及长江下游一带。     

东亚大陆地震的地球自转动力观测资料分析

东亚大陆大地震的活动带走向、活动方式、震源主压应力方向、总迁移方向,沿纬度的分布和发震频度随时间的变化,均与地球自转速率变化有成因联系。本文从地球自转加速、减速、匀速的变化趋势进行这方面的观测资料分析,证明地球速率变化是东亚大陆地震的基本动力来源