西宁地区黄土重矿物特征及黄土物质来源探讨

本文探讨了西宁地区黄土重矿物的特征。并结合粒度、石英砂表面结构特征分析结果,提出西宁地区黄土主要来源于青藏高原内部。     

富县地区末次间冰期以来古气候环境的演变

研究剖面位于洛川源北部的富县县城东郊。剖面由第一层古土壤(S_1)、马兰黄土(L_1)和全新世古土壤(S_0)组成。孢粉分析结果表明,黄土地层中孢粉非常丰富,为恢复古植被与古气候提供了可靠依据。S_1的植被是以榛、菊、蒿为主的疏林草原,有亚热带树种出现,反映了末次冰期的温湿气候。L_1时主要为菊、蒿干草原,气候冷干,其间有四次乔木增多期,反映了末次间冰期中有四次间冰阶的相对温湿气候波动。近代耕土中为以松、藜、中华卷柏为主的森林草原,反映了全新世某个时期比较温凉干旱的气候。     

西宁大墩岭剖面黄土地层初步研究

大墩岭黄土剖面总厚261.3m,包括有全新世黄土、马兰黄土、离石黄土和午城黄土上部。全新世黄土厚0.6m,包括 So 及其以上黄土;马兰黄土厚16.6m,位于 So 底部与 S_1顶部之间;S_1至 L_5为离石黄土上部,厚75.34m,包括14个黄土—古土壤层;S_5至 L_(15)为离石黄土下部,厚157.43m,包括10个黄土-古土壤层,其中 S_5、L_9、L_(15)为三个标志层;午城黄土厚11.33m,由两层古土壤和一层黄土组成。B/M 界限位于 L_8顶部,B1事件位于 S_1中部,p—J 事件位于 L_9上部,J 事件位于 S_(10)中部至 L_(12)顶部。根据古地磁界限年龄推算的剖面底界年龄为1.2MaB.P.。整个剖面可与兰州九洲台、洛川黄土剖面进行对比。     

山东烟台地区芝罘剖面粒度分维特征及其环境意义

山东半岛北部存在一系列黄土-古土壤沉积序列。在野外调查的基础上,通过对山东烟台地区芝罘岛黄土状沉积物粒度和分维值特征的分析,结合光释光测年,探讨了山东半岛北部晚更新世气候环境演变。结果表明:芝罘剖面末次冰期—末次间冰期(62.85～124.90 ka B.P.)主要由砂黄土、黄土和古土壤叠覆堆积组成;芝罘剖面沉积物具有良好的分形结构,可以清楚区分黄土与古土壤,分维值从大到小分别为古土壤(2.379)、黄土(2.194)、砂黄土-黄土(2.157);分维值与标准偏差成显著的正相关关系,相关系数为0.889 4,与平均粒径有较好的正相关性,与峰态和偏度相关性较低;芝罘剖面沉积物分维值在垂向上呈现出峰谷交替的3个旋回,可以替代粒度参数指示沉积环境,分维值低反映气候干冷,冬季风强盛,黄土堆积速率加快,反之则气候暖湿,古土壤发育。     

古气候变化对大同盆地第四纪沉积物中砷富集过程的影响

为揭示古气候变化对大同盆地第四纪含水层中砷(As)富集的影响,对盆地中部的第四系沉积物钻孔样品 进行了地球化学分析.结果表明,大同盆地第四系沉积物中的铁矿物、黏土矿物以及有机质均为 As的重要赋存 载体.根据沉积物地球化学特征,可将沉积物由深到浅依次划分为４层,分别对应中更新世暖湿期、中更新世干 冷期、末次间冰期暖湿期及末次冰期的干冷期.暖湿期沉积物中的 As及铁矿物、黏土矿物、有机质含量均明显高 于干冷期,说明暖湿气候更有利于铁矿物、黏土矿物和有机质在沉积物中埋藏堆积,促进了沉积物中 As的富集.      

青藏高原东北缘1.2MaB.P.以来各阶段古气候演变

对青藏高原东北缘北祁连山、门源盆地、西宁盆地化隆、贵德—共和等地第四纪沉积物沉积特征、孢粉组合、~(14)C、TL(热释光)等测年资料,综合分析发现本区第四纪沉积物最早达1.2Ma,总结分析了1.2MaB.P.以来古气候演变历程,可以确定存在四期主要寒冷事件。     

泰山南坡沉积物特征及第四纪冰缘环境探讨

针对泰山第四纪冰川有无的争议,在泰山南坡采集沉积物样品进行分析研究。孢粉分析结果显示优势植物种群为"松属+中华卷柏+蒿属+藜科",指示的沉积环境为湿冷环境。扫描电镜观察石英颗粒表面,显示出边缘棱角清晰、具贝壳状断口和解理片的冰川环境特征。通过热释光测试得样品年龄为(30.54±2.59)kaB.P.,相当于末次冰期主冰期中的Paudorf-Stillfried间冰阶。根据泰山现代气候环境推演泰山古气候温度和降水量,得出泰山地区在末次冰期时具备了形成冰川的基本气候条件。鉴于Paudorf-Stillfried间冰阶持续的时间较短,因此初步推断该沉积物指示的古气候环境为冰缘环境。     

乌海盆地内末次冰期砂楔/冰楔铸型的发现及古气候意义

砂楔/冰楔铸型等具有定量古环境意义的冰缘现象在中国北方已有多处报道,但多集中在末次冰期晚冰阶。报道了首次发现于乌海盆地的冰缘现象,从楔体形态特征、填充物粒度特征和光释光测年等方面对其成因和发育年代进行了深入研究。楔体和填充物剖面穿插关系、物质组成和形态特征分析等指示其形成过程大致可分为两个阶段:早期原生砂楔发育与楔壁近平行的充填-挤压构造;晚期冰楔铸型(包括冰楔形成、融化和填充)在砂楔之上进行叠加。冰楔切穿早期砂楔,导致楔壁物质发生强烈挤压变形,结构扰动,楔体表现为弯曲的不规则形态。光释光测年结果显示,原生砂楔发育的年代主要集中在(62.69±6.81)~(66.45±7.08)ka B.P.,即末次冰期早冰阶,对应于MIS4阶段,并可能部分延续至MIS3b阶段;冰楔铸型填充物年代为(5.95±0.61)~(6.62±0.73)ka B.P.,对应于全新世中期。由于冰楔铸型的填充晚于冰楔发育年代,推测冰楔发育年代可能为末次冰期晚冰阶。基于砂楔/冰楔铸型的发育过程及对环境条件的要求,初步估算出砂楔和冰楔发育时期年均气温比现在低12.1℃~13.6℃,砂楔发育时期(即末次冰期早冰阶)年降水量与现在相当。乌海盆地砂楔/冰楔铸型的发现为研究中国北方末次冰期尤其是末次冰期早冰阶纬度多年冻土分布及古气候环境提供了新的依据。     

桂西堆积型铝土矿矿石粒级分布及其质量变化研究

文章介绍了桂西堆积型铝土矿矿石粒级的分布规律及其质量的变化情况，指出堆积型铝土矿矿石粒级分布与原生铝土矿的距离和其所处的岩溶洼地、谷地或缓坡地貌有密切的关系，一般受原生铝土矿和岩溶地貌形态的双重控制。矿石的粒度大小不一，多呈棱角一次棱角状。矿体内部结构较为简单，不同粒级的矿石质量有所差异，矿石粒度多在30-300mm之间，且该粒级范围的矿石质量相对较好。     

辽西地区下寒武统馒头组下部角砾岩的成因及其找矿意义

下寒武统馒头组下部的一套层比稳定的紫红色、灰黄色白云质砾岩,砾石成分为疏松多孔的白云岩。具棱角状或次棱角状,角砾的粒度分选和磨圆差,填隙物质与砾石成分相同。根据对砾岩的物质组成、沉积特征的分析,其成因可能是组成砾岩的碳酸盐岩含较高的盐类经次生变化形成的溶塌角砾岩。由于溶塌角砾岩具稳定的层位,含盐类高,可能存在盐岩(主要是石膏),故在一定埋深有可能找到膏层。     

ENVIRONMENTAL EVOLUTION OF ORDOS DESERT IN CHINA SINCE 1.1MA B. P. AS INDICATED BY YULIN STRATIGRAPHICAL SECTION AND ITS GRAIN-SIZE ANALYSIS RESULTS

1INTRODUCTIONOrdosDesertisageneral appellationof Qubqi Desert onthe north, Hedong Sandy Landonthesouthwest and MuUs Desert on the southeast (Fig. 1). It is situated on atransitional zone from arid desert steppe to semi-aridsteppe between ariddesertinNorth…     

青海省西宁市大墩岭黄土剖面元素组分变化与第四纪古气候演化

根据黄土剖面中古土壤系列与砂质黄土中常量元素氧化物含量基本特征,主要地质特征、黄土堆积与古土壤形成古气候环境、演化过程与主要元素组分特征、关系进行了讨论,结合孢粉测年等资料,1.19MaB.P.黄土形成以来的气候演变过程与元素组分变化关系。     

试论西宁地区湿陷性黄土的天然孔隙比及含水量对湿陷性的影响

本文依据西宁地区黄土的大量实际资料,对影响黄土湿陷性的两个主要因素(黄土的天然孔隙比、含水量)与黄土湿陷系数的关系进行了综合分析与归纳,论述了这两个因素对湿陷性的影响;并在数理统计基础上,提出了黄土湿陷性的判别式。对西宁黄土区的工程地质评价,具有参考与实用价值。     

PALEOSOLS OF SANDY LANDS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN THE WESTERN PART OF NORTHEAST PLAIN OF CHINA WESTERN DURING HOLOCENE

ＰＡＬＥＯＳＯＬＳＯＦＳＡＮＤＹＬＡＮＤＳＡＮＤＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＡＬＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＩＮＴＨＥＷＥＳＴＥＲＮＰＡＲＴＯＦＮＯＲＴＨＥＡＳＴＰＬＡＩＮＯＦＣＨＩＮＡＷＥＳＴＥＲＮＤＵＲＩＮＧＨＯＬＯＣＥＮＥ￥ＱｉｕＳｈａｎｗｅｎ（裘善文）ＬｉＱｕｓ...     

The study on climatic changes and lake level fluctuations of Qinghai lake in holocene

According to loess and palaeosol climatic record, field observation, analysis data and¹⁴C dating, we discuss the climatic changes and the water level fluctuations of Qinghai Lake. It is pointed out that there were four relatively warm and moist stages in Qinghai Lake basin during the Holocene. They formed in the periods from 10,300 yr.B.P. to 8,500 yr.B.P., 7,000 yr.B.P. to 3,500 yr.B.P., 2,800 yr.B.P. to 2,000 yr.B.P. and from 1,300 yr.B.P. up to now. the climate in the Holocene optimum period, from 7,000 yr.B.P. to 3,500 yr.B.P., was much warmer and moister than that today. Polypodium plant grew luxuriantly around Qinghai Lake. The annual temperature was 2.5°C higher than that today, but there was no forest at Qinghai Lake shore. It is found that there was a good relationship between precipitation and water level fluctuation. In warm and moist period water level was high and in the cold and dry period it was low in the Holocene. There were four high water level periods for Qinghai Lake in the Holocene, but the highest level was less than 30m above present water level. This research is supported by Youth Foundation of Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49101015).     

粒度端元记录的靖边地区MIS 3以来的气候变化

黄土作为典型的多物源沉积物，粒度分布常呈现多峰分布。端元分析可以从复杂的沉积物粒度中分离出代表不同沉积物源和沉积动力的端元组分，在黄土研究中得到了广泛应用。利用Paterson参数化端元模型对处于毛乌素沙漠东南缘的靖边三道沟剖面粒度进行端元分离与解释，并讨论其代表的环境意义。靖边三道沟黄土可分为4个端元:EM1（众数粒径8.93 μm）为背景粉尘；EM2（众数粒径25.18 μm）为与季风环流有关的组分；EM3（众数粒径39.91 μm）和EM4（众数粒径56.37 μm）都是与冬季风有关的组分，其中EM3为黄土高原黄土主要组分，EM4与现代沙尘暴的粒级大致相同。通过对各端元组分随年龄变化的曲线进行分析，得到以下结论:该剖面记录了靖边地区自MIS 3以来经历了MIS 3（32.8~29.8 ka BP）、LGM（29.8~22.8 ka BP）、冰消期（22.8~11.3 ka BP）和全新世（8.7~1.7 ka BP）共4个气候时期。端元组分还记录了冰消期H 1事件（16.2~13.8 ka BP）、B/A事件（13.8~12.8 ka BP）、YD事件（12.8~11.3 ka BP）共3次气候快速变化事件和D-O旋回。该剖面还记录了毛乌素沙漠末次冰期经历的3次主要的扩张-收缩旋回以及全新世8.7~8.2，6.0~5.0，3.5~2.5 ka共3次干旱沙进事件。      

CSCO_3 CYCLES IN SALAWUSU RIVER BASINSINCE 150KA B.P.

About 70years ago，Frenc卜卜alaeohdoglst回LL sc卜dars al卜ome and a卜road卜ave successively con－HARD de Chardin P．et al．Initiated the Quaternary ducted large amount ofwork on the Later Quaternarygeologlcal research In the ＞alawusu River Basin of strata（TEILHARD，1924； YUAN，1978； LI，1987；desert region of Northern China and established th，ZHENG，1989； SUN et al，1996； LI et al，1993），Salawusu Formation门EILHARD，1924）．Sine，then，palaeobiology…     

Grain-size characteristics and climate variability in TMS5e sequence of Tumen section in southern Tengger Desert, northwestern China

The TMS5e sequence from the Tumen section,at the southern edge of Tengger Desert in the northwestern China,is synchronous with Marine Isotope Stage 5e(MIS5e).It consists of 16 layers of aeolian dune sands,11 layers of lacustrine loess-like facies,and 5 layers of lacustrine facies.The results of grain-size analysis shows that the palaeo-mobile dune sands,palaeo-fixed to semi-fixed dune sands and loess-like sandy loams are mainly composed of sands,ranging from 70% to 96%;their silt contents ranged from 4% to 20%,and their clay contents ranged from 1% to 5%;the climate under which the aeolian dune sands were deposited is similar to that under which modern mobile dune sands form,which is caused by the dominance of the cold,dry East Asian winter monsoon.In contrast,the lacustrine loess-like facies and lacustrine facies had a lower sand contents than those of the three aeolian dune sands,but have higher silt and clay contents,most of their sand content ranged from 30% to 60%,their silt contents ranged from 35% to 55%,and their clay contents ranged from 6% to 20%.The lacustrine loess-like facies and lacustrine facies formed under the influence of the warm,humid East Asian summer monsoon based on their similarity with modern sediments.The grain-size indicator Mz(mean grain diameter) and the SC/D value in the TMS5e sequence indicate climatic insta-bility at the southern edge of the Tengger Desert during MIS5e,with at least 14 fluctuations between a warm,humid climate and a cold,dry climate,divided into five stages:TMS5e5(139 kyr to 129.3 kyr B.P.),TMS5e4(129.3 kyr to 124 kyr B.P.),TMS5e3(124 kyr to 119.5 kyr B.P.),TMS5e2(119.5 kyr to 116.5 kyr B.P.),and TMS5e1(116.5 kyr to 113.7 kyr B.P.).These correspond roughly to MIS5e5,MIS5e4,MIS5e3,MIS5e2,and MIS5e1,respectively,in the GRIP ice core data.     

LOESS IN THE LONGXI BASIN OF GANSU PROVINCE

The Nuanquangou loess section in the Longxi Basin has been examined in terms of stratigraphic investigation,. including 14C dating, paleomagnetic polarity, spore-pollen diagram, and mineral and chemical analyses. The results indicate that the section is one of the ancient loess sections with a continuous sedimentation and composed of homogeneous materials with abundant carbonate. The Brunhes / Matuyama boundary and the Jaramillo event were recorded in the section. Stratigraphically,this section can be divided into the Holocene and the Pleistocene loess. The latter includes Malan, Lishi and Wucheng loess in descending order. They were developed at about 1.2 Ma ago, whereas the Nuanquangou loess section possesses some local characteristics different from those observed in other areas.