鳖甲溃疡和穿孔病的病原及其防治

对鳖甲溃疡和穿孔病的病原进行了研究,提出了勒氏假单胞菌,产碱菌和枯草芽直菌３种病原菌;同时在病原药敏试验的基础上筛选治疗药物（鳖康乐１号）,并进行了生产性防治试验。     

二氧化氯控制欧洲鳗细菌性疾病

以二氧化氯作为一种新型的消毒剂和杀菌剂，以传统含氯制剂（如漂白粉、二氯异氰尿酸钠、三氯异氰尿酸）作为对照，比较其在治疗欧洲鳗细菌性疾病及改善养殖水质方面的显著特性，其作用活性与环境（如ＰＨ、温度、氨及机物）因子的关系。结果表明，二氧化氯（ＣｌＯ２）对爱德华氏菌，嗜水气单胞菌和柱状屈挠杆菌有很好的杀灭有迅速治愈欧洲鳗的的赤鳍病和肝肾病，且能有效改善养殖水体，水中生化需氧量比对照组下降１０％－３０％，     

黄鳍鲷细菌性溃疡病致病菌研究

研究了黄鳍鲷细菌性溃疡病的病原。从患病濒死的黄鳍鲷体内分离到两株细菌,经人工感染试验确定为致病菌,通过测定其形态及生理生化特性得出：致病菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,极生单鞭毛,发酵葡萄糖产酸不产气,氧化酶阳性、过氧化氢酶阴性,发酵乳糖,甘露醇发酵阳性,明胶酶阳性,在70g／LNaCl培养基中生长良好,对O／129不敏感;由于两株菌对山梨醇、水扬苷、七叶苷及麦芽糖等氧化发酵的结果不一致,分别被鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌不产气亚种（Aeromonashydropilaanaerogenes）和温和气单胞菌（A．sobria）变异亚种。药敏试验显示,两个菌株对氯霉素高度敏感而对氟哌酸中度敏感。两株菌对黄鳍鲷的半致死剂量（按每g鱼计算）分别为2．3×106个菌体和2．6×105个菌体。     

广东省罗非鱼主养区无乳链球菌的分离、鉴定与致病性

从广东省5个罗非鱼主养区患暴发性的罗非鱼中分离到15株菌,挑选其中的5株(不同地域、不同组织分离的菌株)进行人工感染试验,表现出自然发病的症状,确定此5株分离菌为导致罗非鱼暴发病的主要病原。通过形态学观察和生理生化实验,并结合16SrRNA基因序列分析,5株分离菌株均为无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)。5株分离菌在形态学和生理生化实验结果上保持一致,16SrRNA基因序列同源性达98.6%～99.8%,但在致病性和对药物的敏感性上却呈现一定的差异。另外10株分离菌株通过生理生化实验鉴定也为无乳链球菌。研究表明,广东省罗非鱼流行性暴发病的病原菌主要为无乳链球菌。     

凡纳滨对虾潘状幼体厌食症的防治

潘状幼体厌食症是指潘状幼体发育到第2期后,出现摄食突然减少和停食的现象,幼体发病率和死亡率较高。探讨育苗用水处理方法、抗菌素、有益微生物制剂对防治凡纳滨对虾潘状幼体厌食症的效果。结果表明：1）用次氯酸钠、百碘、溴氯海困对育苗用水进行消毒处理没有预防潘状幼体厌食症作用,用甲醛处理水有一定的预防效果,幼体发病率为75.3％,低于对照组的88.2％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;2）利福平、土霉素、庆大霉素、诺氟沙星、复方新诺明等抗菌药物对潘状幼体厌食症防治效果不佳,除利福平外,其他药物组幼体发病率、存活率与对照组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;3）有益微生物制剂光合细菌、乳酸杆菌、芽孢杆菌、复合活菌制剂EM活菌、虾蟹宝活菌和乐多源活菌对潘状幼体厌食症都有不同程度的预防作用,幼体发病率、存活率与对照组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,以乐多源活菌预防效果最好,幼体发病率仅19.8％,比对照组低63.3％,治疗作用仅乐多源活菌较好,可治愈50.0％的发病幼体,其他活菌治疗效果不佳。建议潘状幼体厌食症应采取处理水和使用有益微生物制剂相结合方法进行防治。     

工厂化养殖暗纹东方鲀致病菌的分离和鉴定

从不同养殖场患病暗纹东方鲀（Takifagu obscurus）的鳃、肠、肝、肌肉及溃疡部位分离到9株菌株，经人工感染致病性试验，其T-22、T-11、J-2、H-3、H-5表现出较强的致病性，出现症状与自然发病鱼相同。通过对菌体形态特征、培养特性和API20E细菌生化快速鉴定试条的测定，分别鉴定为温和气单胞菌（Aeromonas sobria）、豚鼠气单胞菌（Aeromonas calyioe）、嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila）、类志贺邻单胞菌（Plesiomonas shigelloides）、霍乱弧菌（Vrbrio cholerae）。证实这5株菌为致病菌。药敏试验结果表明9种药物对温和气单胞菌、豚鼠气单胞菌、霍乱弧菌均有较好的抑菌效果；嗜水气单胞菌表现出明显的耐药性。氟嗪酸、环丙沙星、复合磺胺对类志贺邻单胞菌有一定抑菌效果。     

鰤鱼诺卡氏菌与绛红色诺卡氏菌的融合菌研究

鰤鱼诺卡氏菌(Nocardia seriolae)为鱼类诺卡氏菌病的主要病原,绛红色诺卡氏菌(N.purpurea)是分离自土壤中一种无毒诺卡氏菌。以鰤鱼诺卡氏菌和绛红色诺卡氏菌为亲本进行原生质体融合,获取融合菌。经生长特征观察、革兰染色、16SrRNA测序分析,对融合菌进行初步鉴定,并通过斑马鱼模型评估融合菌毒力检测和免疫保护效果。结果表明,融合菌的菌落形态与亲本菌株不同,为诺卡氏菌属革兰阳性菌,融合菌的毒力较鰤鱼诺卡氏菌野生株降低70%,免疫保护率约为50%。     

马氏珠母贝幼虫假单胞菌病的初步研究

马氏珠母贝人工育苗过程中幼虫经常发生一种严重的病害。发病幼虫症状如下：消化盲囊颜色由正常的均匀的黄绿色变成不均匀的茶褐色或无色;胃中的食物长时间不能消化并变成茶褐色;幼虫趋光性差,活力弱,不能集群,不久即大量下沉死亡。对发病幼虫进行了细菌的分离和纯化,得到3株纯化的菌株,对“D”型幼虫的人工感染试验证实：9401和9402两株菌株是致病菌,通过对细菌进行群体及个体形态观察、生化实验,鉴定9401和9402两株菌株均属假单胞菌（Pseudomonas）。对这2株菌株进行了药物敏感试验、药物预防试验,结果表明,2株菌株对氯霉素、痢特灵、氟哌酸敏感,2×10－6氯霉素可达到预防的目的。     

凡纳滨对虾烂尾病病原的分离鉴定及药敏分析

【目的】研究广东湛江地区凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)烂尾病主要病原及其药敏特征。【方法】从对虾病灶部位分离纯化细菌,用2株代表菌株对健康虾进行创伤浸浴感染试验,分析菌株形态特征、生理生化特征以及16S rRNA和HSP60基因序列,以哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)和坎氏弧菌(V. campbelli)溶血素基因特异引物扩增菌株基因组DNA,通过纸片扩散法测试菌株对17种药物的敏感性。【结果】从患病亲虾和养殖对虾分别分离获得编号2018B22和2018MZ1的代表菌,两株菌16Sr RNA和HSP60基因序列均与哈维氏弧菌最相似,且均可被哈维氏弧菌溶血素基因引物特异扩增,表型特征亦与哈维氏弧菌相近;两株菌均可引起凡纳滨对虾烂尾病,其中菌株2018B22的致病力较2018MZ1更强,而后者的耐药谱更广。【结论】湛江地区凡纳滨对虾烂尾病主要病原为哈维氏弧菌。     

鲢、鳙溶血性腹水病研究

报道了鲢、鳙鱼溶血性腹水病的病原和防治方法。研究结果表明，该病无病毒性病原存在，病原为嗜水气单胞菌嗜水亚种（Aeromonashydrophilasubsp.hydrophila）。采用作者研制的鱼康乐（Y·K·L）进行治疗。治愈率达86．5‰。     

Antimicrobial Activity of Ulva reticulata and Its Endophytes

Seaweeds are known to exhibit various antimicrobial properties,since it harbours an enormous range of indigenous bioactive compounds.The emergence of drug resistant strains has directed to the identification of prospective metabolites from seaweed and its endophytes,thereby exploiting the properties in resisting bacterial diseases.The current study was aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity of extracts obtained from Ulva reticulate,for which metabolites of Ulva reticulata and its endophytes were extracted and assessed against human pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Salmonella typhi,and Bacillus subtilis.It was observed that the hexane extract of isolate VITDSJ2 was effective against all the tested pathogens but a significant inhibition was observed for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.Further,Gas chromatography coupled with Mass spectroscopy(GC-MS) revealed the existence of phenol,3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) in the crude hexane extract which is well-known to possess antibacterial activity.The effective isolate VITDSJ2 was identified to be the closest neighbour of Pseudomonas stutzeri by phenotypic and genotypic methods.The crude extracts of the seaweed Ulva reticulata was also screened for antibacterial activity and the hexane extract was effective in showing inhibition against all the tested pathogens.The compound in the crude extract of Ulva reticulata was identified as hentriacontane using GC-MS.The extracts obtained from dichloromethane did not show significant activity in comparison with the hexane extracts.Hence the metabolites of Ulva reticulata and the bacterial secondary metabolites of the endophytes could be used in the treatment of bacterial infections.     

Identification of a novel C-type lectin from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its role in defense against pathogens infection

Acting as one of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), C-type lectin is believed to mediate pathogen recognition and plays an important role in the clearance of pathogens as part of the innate immune system. In this work, a novel C-type lectin gene (named LvLec1) was cloned from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The ORF of LvLec1 is 510 bp, encoding 169 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence contains a putative signal peptide of 19 amino acids at the N-terminal and a carbohydrate recognition domain...     

Quorum-Sensing of Bacteria and Its Application

Quorum sensing, or auto induction, as a cell density dependent signaling mechanism in many microorganisms, is triggered via auto inducers which passively diffuse across the bacterial envelope and therefore intracellulaly accumulate only at higher bacterial densities to regulate specialized processes such as genetic competence, bioluminescence, virulence and sporulation. N-acyl homoserine lactones are the most common type of signal molecules. Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing food-producing industries, but disease outbreaks caused by pathogenic bacteria are a significant constraint on the development of the sector worldwide. Many of these pathogens have been found to be controlled by their quorum sensing systems. As there is relevance between the pathogenic bacteria's virulence factor expression and their auto inducers, quorum quenching is a new effective anti-infective strategy to control infections caused by bacterial pathogens in aquaculture. The techniques used to do this mainly include the following: (1) the inhibition of signal molecule biosynthesis, (2) blocking signal transduction, and (3) chemical inactivation and biodegradation of signal molecules. To provide a basis for finding alternative means of controlling aquatic diseases by quorum quenching instead of treatment by antibiotics and disinfectants, we will discuss the examination, purification and identification of auto inducers in this paper.     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Quorum-sensing of bacteria and its application

Quorum sensing, or auto induction, as a cell density dependent signaling mechanism in many microorganisms, is triggered via auto inducers which passively diffuse across the bacterial envelope and therefore intracellulaly accumulate only at higher bacterial densities to regulate specialized processes such as genetic competence, bioluminescence, virulence and sporulation. N-acyl homoserine lactones are the most common type of signal molecules. Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing food-producing industries, but disease outbreaks caused by pathogenic bacteria are a significant constraint on the development of the sector worldwide. Many of these pathogens have been found to be controlled by their quorum sensing systems. As there is relevance between the pathogenic bacteria’s virulence factor expression and their auto inducers, quorum quenching is a new effective anti-infective strategy to control infections caused by bacterial pathogens in aquaculture. The techniques used to do this mainly include the following: (1) the inhibition of signal molecule biosynthesis, (2) blocking signal transduction, and (3) chemical inactivation and biodegradation of signal molecules. To provide a basis for finding alternative means of controlling aquatic diseases by quorum quenching instead of treatment by antibiotics and disinfectants, we will discuss the examination, purification and identification of auto inducers in this paper.     

Characterization and Functional Study on Octopus ocellatus Interleukin-17

Interleukin-17(IL-17), a prototype member of IL-17 family, plays an important role in defending against extracellular pathogens as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. The function and distribution of IL-17 have been extensively studied in many vertebrates. However, few study has focused on the role of IL-17 in invertebrates, especially in mollusks. In this study, an IL-17 homolog was identified in Octopus ocellatus, which was designated as OoIL-17. The phylogenetic analysis showed that OoIL-17 is clustered well with other invertebrate IL-17, indicating it is highly similar with the IL-17 of other invertebrates. The expression of OoIL-17 gene was analyzed with qRT-PCR in a variety of healthy tissues and the hemocytes infected with Vibro anguillarum or Micrococcus luteus. The mRNA of OoIL-17 gene is constitutively expressed at different levels in all examined tissues of healthy O. ocellatus, including mantle, stomach, hemocytes, muscle, gonad, hepatopancreas, systemic heart and gill. The lowest expression was observed in mantle while the highest was observed in hepatopancreas. The expression level of OoIL-17 gene is significantly up-regulated in O. ocellatus hemocytes upon infection with V. anguillarum and M. luteus, indicating its active involvement in the host immune response against bacterial pathogens. The results laid the foundation for further understanding the innate immune mechanisms of IL-17 in O. ocellatus and mollusks.     

Development of a PCR method for detection of Pseudoalteromonas marina associated with green spot disease in Pyropia yezoensis

Pseudoalteromonas marina is one of the potential pathogens that cause green spot disease(GSD) in Pyropia yezoensis. To prevent GSD from development and spread, an ef fective method to detect the pathogen at early GSD infection stages need to be established. In this research, PCR methods were established targeting the dnaA gene(encoding chromosome replication initiator protein) and the dnaN gene(encoding β sliding clamp of DNA polymerase Ⅲ protein) to detect P. marina with three primer pairs pws-dnaA 2(Forward, 5′-ACCGCATTAACGAACTACTCGTG-3′; Reverse, 5′-TGCCATTACCTACAGCATGG-3′), pcs-dnaN 2(Forward, 5′-CTTACAACGTTATCAGCGGC-3′; Reverse, 5′-GTTGAGTATTAAGTGATTGAGTAAGC-3′) or pws-dnaN 3(Forward, 5′-ACTTACAACGTTATCAGCGGC-3′; Reverse, 5′-ACTGCTGTTTGAGTCTGCTAAC-3′). Three PCR methods corresponding to the three primer pairs su ? ciently distinguished P. marina from 22 bacterial species, thus resulting in detection limits of 4 to 4×10 2 CFU cells or 2.37×10 1 to 2.37×10 3 fg of P. marina DNA per PCR reaction. In an arti?cial infection experiment of P. yezoensis infected with P. marina, all established PCRs successfully detected P. marina at early GSD infection stages. The results show that the established PCRs are speci?c and sensitive, and are potential for applications in early diagnosis of GSD in Pyropia.     

演艺海豚混合感染大肠埃希氏菌和变形杆菌的检验分析

解剖了一条出现腹泻等症状、经治疗无效死亡的海豚 ,发现肺、肝、脾、胃等均有病变 ,从病变组织器官中分离到 7株细菌 ,通过菌株的形态、染色特征、生化特性、血清学鉴定 ,发现其中 5株菌株为大肠艾希氏菌 O8血清型 ,另 2株分别为普通变形杆菌和奇异变形杆菌。动物试验表明 ,大肠埃希氏菌和变形杆菌是海豚发病的致病菌。 7个菌株均对菌必治和先锋噻肟高敏 ,对氯霉素、链霉素、痢特灵等中敏 ,对青霉素 G、氨苄青霉素等耐药     

大气生物气溶胶的源排放与源解析研究进展

2019年新冠肺炎(COVID-19)的全球爆发引起了公众对生物气溶胶的广泛关注.生物气溶胶是大气气溶胶的重要组成部分.生物气溶胶由于具有普通气溶胶的理化性质和本身特有的生物学特性,在全球生态系统、气候变化、空气质量和公共卫生等领域均扮演十分重要的角色.然而,目前学术界对生物气溶胶的研究主要集中在采样监测、消杀防护以及...