山东苍山Ms5.2地震泰安石英倾斜仪异常分析

利用矢量曲线、γ因子等方法识别苍山Ｍｓ５．２地震前泰安石英倾斜仪的前兆异常。分析认为：ＳＱ－７０石英倾斜仪反映出一定的地形变异常信息。     

山东苍山5.2级地震定点形变异常的识别

利用长趋势异常、矢量曲线、γ因子等方法对泰安、郯城、徐州３个台的７套倾斜仪进行了异常识别，得出泰安ＳＱ—７０石英倾斜仪、徐州ＳＱ—７０石英倾斜仪反映了山东苍山５．２级地震异常信息的结论。     

诱发地震与诱发性前兆

本文以１９６９年以来中国大陆９对ＭＳ≥５．９级地震为例，引出诱发性前兆的概念。诱发性前兆是指远区强震（Ａ）发生后３个月内产生于未来后续地震（Ｂ）附近（△≤２００ｋｍ）的，并与该地震有某种成因联系的继发性异常和新异常。诱发地震与诱发性前兆是反映强震间耦合作用的同因异象。１９８８年以来南北带强震组（１９８８年耿马、澜沧７．６级地震──１９９０年天祝、景泰６．２级地震）诱发地震和诱发性前兆显著，并呈连锁式分布，表明该地震组各强震之间具有较强的耦合作用。     

固体潮调和分析及效能评价

本文选择四川省条件较好的台站的摆式倾斜仪。水管倾义、石英伸缩仪１９８７年以来的固体潮观测资料,采用Ｖｅｎｅｄｉｋｏｖ调和分析方法处理,提取各台倾斜固体潮、硐体应变固体潮全日波（Ｑ１波）和半日波（Ｍ２波）的潮汐因子γ、α值及相位滞后因子△Ψ值,分析其在中强地震前的变化特点,探索地震前兆异常 。     

水平摆倾斜仪的便携式石英系统

介绍一种可以携整体更换的水平摆倾斜仪的石英系统，便于台站对损坏的ＳＱ、ＳＳＱ型倾斜仪摆系的修复。此外，还介绍了摆的悬挂点和摆的初始平衡位置对仪器稳定性的作用。     

1990年共和7.0级地震和景泰6.2级地震前的短临弱前兆信息

应用作研究的提取弱短临前兆信息的方法及定量指标^[2]，对1990年甘肃、青海、宁夏、陕西四省（区）部分专业台4种手段、31个台（项）的观测资料进行了处理。结果表明，在1990年共和7．0级地震和景泰6．2级地震前，约占总数65％的台项均出现了弱前兆异常。事实进一步证明，作提出的提取弱短临前兆信息的方法是有效和实用的。     

丽江地震台中强地震前兆波特征分析

分析丽江地震台数字化水平摆倾斜仪在几次中强震前记录的前兆波,对其特征进行初步分析,并对其产生机理进行初步探讨。认为数字化水平摆倾斜仪的独特构造和观测点的位置,构成了丽江地震台能观测到中强地震前兆波的原因。提高对前兆波的认识,对未来的地震预测有着实际应用价值。     

Q值的简易测定与地震前兆分析

依据尾波衰减特征，采用测量尾波包络体最大双振幅方法，分别用单次散射和多次散射模式处理了苏、皖、鲁、冀四省４２个ＤＤ－１台站，５１个地震的尾波资料，求出与散射有关的地球介质Ｑ因子，并对Ｑ值随尾波推移时间窗，震中距的变化进行归一法处理，公式如文中式（１１）（１２），用归一法求得的多次散射模式Ｑ０２值分布图象表明，高Ｑ值与中强地震活动背景有关，这种简易测定地球介质Ｑ值的方法在地震前兆分析中有着良好的应用     

永胜台地形变与澜沧—耿马地震的破裂过程

本文利用永胜地震台ＦＳＱ型浮子水管倾斜仪原始记录图形，分析澜沧、耿马大震前后地形变的特征。以微破裂和粘滑理论等，探讨破坏性大震破裂过程，尤其在主破裂临近阶段，震源区岩体处于极端不稳定状态下极其复杂的地形变现象，ＦＳＱ型浮子水管倾斜仪记录到的这些珍贵原始图型，其表现形式：Ａ．粘滑现象；Ｂ．瞬间急剧突变；Ｃ．固体潮汐曲线畸变；不同方位定点形变台站倾斜最极大差异性等。对震前这一失稳过程进行分析研究，对今     

白银形变观测站 DSQ 型水管倾斜仪观测资料分析

对白银形变观测站2008年以来观测资料的运行、变化和噪声水平做初步分析,结果表明：DSQ 型水管倾斜仪观测资料连续、稳定、可靠具有明确的正常背景---夏高冬低,为今后地震前兆异常的判断打下基础;水管倾斜仪 EW 分量在2013年7月22日 MS 6．6地震前出现破年变变化,说明白银地震台水管倾斜仪具有一定的地震前兆异常监测能力。     

On the synchronism in the events within the core and on the surface of the earth: the changes in the organic world and in the polarity of the geomagnetic field in the phanerozoic

The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes in the organic world.     

Comparison Between the Nutations of the Planet Mars and the Nutations of the Earth

The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.     

太平洋中部地磁台11年周期变化的研究

综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。     

On the use of the autocorrelation method for estimating the depth to the magnetic basement

The depth to the top of magnetic dykes can be estimated from total field aeromagnetic data using the relation between the depth to magnetic sources and the autocorrelation function of magnetic data. By using synthetic anomalies we show that in the ideal case, depth can be determined to an accuracy of 10% or better, when the anomaly sources are two-dimensional dykes. However, the estimated depths depend on the width of the dykes. The estimated depth is about 0.6 times the actual depth to the top of thin dykes, and around the true depth for thick dykes having width-to-depth ratio around 3. The depth is considerably overestimated for very thick dykes (e.g., contacts, which is a special case of the thick dyke). Thus, the autocorrelation method requires that the width-to-depth ratio of the dyke is estimated independently to correctly estimate the depths. Alternatively, it must be assumed that the width-to-depth ratio for the two-dimensional source body is between 1.5 and 4.     

固体潮的地震预测研究与地球动力学研究之分析比较

本文分析了现行固体潮地震研究中的历史影响,对比研究了固体潮地震预测研究和固体潮地球动力学研究二者在振动频率、振动源体积、传输距离与介质等方面的地球物理特点与本质区别,强调了固体潮地震预测研究中最根本的工作是建立地震预测的目标和基本概念.     

On the Mechanism of the Secular Tidal Acceleration of the Solid Inner Core and the Viscosity of the Liquid Core

As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10 ³ Poise     

Macrobenthic communities of the Pechora Sea: the past and the present on the threshhold of the prirazlomnoye oil-field exploitation

On data of bottom sampling, carried out by means of grab, trawl and underwater photography in August–September of 1993 in the area of the Pechora Sea, quantitative regularities of macrobenthos distribution are described for the ecological monitoring purposes. Maps of -biodiversity and biomass indices, bottom communities and trophic zones, singled out by dominant method, are presented. Assessment of structure changes of the investigated area bottom communities during the last 60–70 years is fulfilled. It is shown that the described communities on the whole are of natural undisturbed character and that the revealed changes are within the natural fluctuations in the abundance of benthic populations or may be interpreted in terms of methodical differences in the data analysis and generalization by different authors.     

动水压力对深水桥墩地震响应影响的研究综述

地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.     

中国大陆构造环境监测网络基准站多路径效应影响因素浅析

在数据完整率达到95%的基础上,为进一步确保中国大陆构造环境监测网络GNSS基准站观测数据质量,选取2010—2020年全国基准站观测数据,采用TEQC软件进行质量检验,分类整理其中多路径效应计算结果呈典型特征的台站,结合观测环境状态,对多路径效应存在的区域性特征进行分析,发现除接收机天线周围发生遮挡外,硬件更换、台站周围地势差等因素,均对多路径效应产生不同程度的影响,可为建站选址和观测环境监测工作提供参考。