基于Web GIS的体系结构研究

Web GIS是当前GIS研究的一个热点课题，该文首先论述了实现Web GIS的结构体系，进而分析了WebGIS的基本体系构成－两层结构和三层结构，在此基础上对基于Java平台的Web GIS体系结构进行了设计，实践表明，该结构可以实现GIS的远程服务功能，基于Java的Web GIS可以加快对用户请求的响应速度，并且客户端成为强大的智能型，降低了服务器的处理负载，具有使负载均衡的特点。     

基于WebGIS的物流配送系统的研究

在电子商务环境下,为实现高效、高质的物流配送服务,将地理信息系统应用于物流配送,提出了基于WebGIS的物流配送系统模型,并利用了J2EE多层体系,采用结构灵活的4层结构构建了基于WebGIS的物流配送系统模型的体系结构。     

一种基于服务器场的分布式WebGIS计算模型设计与实现

分析传统网络地理信息系统(WebGIS)体系的弊端,从负载均衡与地图状态同步的角度提出一种基于服务器场的分布式WebGIS计算模型。通过自定义服务器场底层交互协议、地图服务器场分布式动态均衡调度算法、地图状态对象池技术,解决了传统WebGIS计算模型异构兼容性差、并行处理能力弱、地图状态对象无法同步等问题,并建立试验床对该模型的性能进行验证。     

基于MapXtreme的大庆供水管网系统的设计与实现

该文介绍了基于MapXtremeforNT的WebGIS应用专题系统———大庆供水管网信息系统的设计与实现 ,阐述该系统的体系结构、功能设计 ,并对MapXtreme的实现机理进行分析 ,同时研究客户端和服务器端通讯技术及智能关阀等功能的实现方法。     

基于GeoSurf的南极WebGIS的实现

网络GIS俗称万维网地理信息系统,是一种基于因特网／内联网的技术标准和通信协议的网络化地理信息系统,它是GIS技术和因特网／内联网技术相结合的产物。本文主要讨论了基于GeoSurf,并用JAVA作为二次开发语言,针对南极地区这一特殊地理区域,实现了南极 WebGIS,这对于方便科考人员的科研有着重大的现实意义。     

一种完全基于标准的Wab GIS实现框架

目前Web GIS技术的实现面临许多问题和挑战,其中,异构数据的交互性与客户端显示地图的图形质量问题比较突出。在数据的交互性方面,客户端往往只能与自己的服务器通讯,不能实时访问不同格式的分布式数据;在图形质量方面,现今的WebGIS多数使用栅格图像,不能任意缩放且不灵活。因此GIS行业的国际标准与规范是业界共识的解决问题的方案。笔者参考相关文献,结合开发实践,描述一种基于GML、WFS、SVG规范的Web GIS实现框架。1 Web GIS实现框架 用于实现该框架的核心技术之一的GML是OGC的抽象规范,是一个基于XML的地理特征编码标准,用于对地理信息进行建模、传输和存储;网络要素服务规范WFS是OGC的实现规范,它是作为一种数据访问机制提出的,用于异构数据基于GML要素层的获取,实现数据的互操作性;SVG作为W3C组织正式推荐的图像格式,是一种基于XML的开放的矢量图形描述语言。SVG元素指示如何绘制图像的一些指令,阅读器解释这些指令,并在指定设备上显示SVG图像。 GML+SVG+WFS框架使用标准的数据模型描述地理要素的一致性和语法,使来自不同数据源的数据可以不经过异构转换而实现共享。它采用GML进行数据编码和定义地理要素的联系,在元素层定义元数据,生成GML文件,允许在要素层方便地查询。在GML中使用XLinA来链     

基于ArcGIS和Flex技术的污染源普查数据分析平台设计

中国第一次污染普查数据获取了大量的污染源基础信息,结合GIS技术的分析功能建立应用平台,对普查数据在地理空间上进行考查分析可以直观地揭示污染源的时空状况及规律,提高普查数据的实用价值,为环境保护的监管提供决策支持。在分析了环境保护工作的业务需求,研究了GIS软件技术的基础上,提出了基于SOA软件架构,以ArcGIS Server和Flex技术为开发环境,面向污染普查数据分析应用领域的WebGIS分析平台的系统架构设计和功能实现方法,结果表明,GIS技术在污染源普查数据分析应用方面有一定优势。     

边坡综合信息管理与防灾决策机制的系统设计与应用

边坡信息资源客观反映其属性特征、工程性状及发展变化规律,是实现防灾决策支持、技术评价和资源共享的基础,如何对其进行有效集成管理和防灾决策应用是迫切需要研究的课题.提出基于数据库管理、工程可视化思想和GIS技术的集成开发原理,采取多系统独立管理和基于属性数据库耦合集成的方式,开发出边坡综合信息管理与防灾决策系统,实现信息管理、可视化决策与WebGIS平台查询的无缝集成.确定了系统的基本架构、技术方案设计、信息流程、功能结构,实现了边坡信息经信息管理系统的管理分析、嵌入式专项决策系统的应用研究和WebGIS网络平台的查询显示.应用表明:系统具有较高的使用价值,可为边坡综合信息管理和防灾决策实现信息化、集成化、动态化和决策化提供可行的技术平台.     

基于GIS的高等师范院校地理科学专业教学模式研究

GIS空间技术是当今地球科学研究的重要支撑手段,已成为地球科学各学科专业的必修课程之一.在论述开设GIS课程重要性的同时,针对GIS在地理专业教学中的特点,探讨了基于GIS的地理专业教学模式,认为基于GIS操作平台、GIS输出数据、3DGIS和VRGIS、WebGIS以及Google Erath的地理教学模式是地理科学教学方法改革的重要方向.     

多维统一GIS构建与实现的几何代数方法

针对时空GIS发展所面临的时空表达不统一,高维扩展困难等问题,基于以多维统一和坐标无关为特征的几何代数理论,建立多维统一GIS构建的层次体系与方法。利用几何代数对象构造中几何维度与Grassmann维度的一致性,实现整合维度结构与几何关系的多维地理对象自适应表达。利用几何代数算子的特征内蕴与结构明晰特性,构建多维统一计算模型以及可支撑复杂地理计算的多维统一分析框架,进而建立基于几何代数的多维统一GIS系统架构与实现方案。对上述关键技术加以实现并进行了相关应用案例分析。结果显示,基于几何代数构建的多维统一GIS有望突破现有时空GIS的不足,可为以多维统一表达与运算为特征GIS的发展提供新的数学工具与实现途径。     

Performance‐improving techniques in web‐based GIS

WebGIS (also known as web‐based GIS and Internet GIS) denotes a type of Geographic Information System (GIS), whose client is implemented in a Web browser. WebGISs have been developed and used extensively in real‐world applications. However, when such a complex web‐based system involves the dissemination of large volumes of data and/or massive user interactions, its performance can become an issue. In this paper, we first identify several major potential performance problems with WebGIS. Then, we discuss several possible techniques to improve the performance. These techniques include the use of pyramids and hash indices on the server side to handle large images. To resolve server‐side conflicts originating from concurrent massive access and user interactions, we suggest clustering and multithreading techniques. Multithreading is also used to break down the long sequential, layer‐based data access to concurrent data access on the client side. Caching is suggested as a means to enhance concurrent data access for the same datasets on both the server and the client sides. The technique of client‐side dynamic data requests is used to improve data transmission. Compressed binary representation is implemented on both sides to reduce transmission volume. We also compare the performance of a prototype WebGIS with and without these techniques.     

Competing space and place identity with landscape change analysis using Web GIS through Singapore historical maps (1828–2015)

The investigation of historical maps is fundamental to understanding the dynamics of landscape changes. In this study, we propose Web GIS tools as a way to compare historical maps efficiently for knowledge production. A key impetus of this article is to contribute to the ongoing efforts to broaden the appeal of ‘mixed‐methods research’ by bridging the epistemological and methodological gaps between GIS and qualitative methodologies in knowledge production. This article proposes a new visualization method for historical landscape change analysis by comparing multiple maps simultaneously with the mash‐up of Web GIS. Based on the analysis of exterior facts represented on the maps, four developmental footprints were investigated, namely, surviving place identity, disappeared place identity replaced by new identity, waning place identity overlapped with new identity, and waning identity by disconnected spatial relationships. To this end, the study argues that Web GIS applications have more potential in spatial knowledge production than traditional desktop GIS.     

Trust in Web GIS: the role of the trustee attributes in the design of trustworthy Web GIS applications

Since the introduction of Xerox PARC Map Viewer, there is a high growth in the number of Web GIS (Geographical Information System) applications for public use in different contexts. These applications instruct, advise and provide the tools for spatial analysis to their users, and the people who use them depend or rely on these systems. Many of these users are non-experts who have no GIS expertise and a limited understanding of spatial data handling. These inherent characteristics of non-expert interaction establish risk and uncertainty, which are further increased due to the complexity of Web GIS interfaces. These issues of uncertainty, risk perception and dependence are all trust-related aspects. Online trust has been repeatedly identified as a major concept for online information systems and its value recognised as it influences the intentions to use and the acceptance of online systems and the overall user experience. However, there is a very limited understanding as to exactly how trust is constructed when people, especially non-experts, interact with Web GIS. To improve knowledge in this domain, this article explores the theoretical foundations on how trust can be investigated in this context. Trust studies (mainly from the e-commerce domain) suggest that a trust-oriented interface design may improve the trustworthiness of online systems, and such attention can be given to Web GIS interfaces. Such studies are reviewed and their applicability is considered in the Web GIS context, taking into consideration their special characteristics. A case study is used to discuss how some features may potentially influence the trustworthiness of Web GIS applications. This article concludes by suggesting future research directions for the implementation of a holistic approach, which is necessary to investigate trust in this context.     

网络地理信息系统研究*

网络地理信息系统(WebGIS)是近年来地理信息系统发展的方向之一.文中在分析网络地理信息系统内涵和功能的基础上,认为地理数据的空间可视化和空间分析是网络地理信息系统的重要特点.为此提出基于元数据的网络地理信息系统代理服务器的概念,并探讨了在JAVA平台上实现的一些技术问题.最后以京九沿线投资环境网络评估信息系统原型为例,给出了网络地理信息系统一个具体应用实例,实现了网络环境下地理模型分析功能.     

面向对象整体GIS数据模型的设计与实现

本文在前期GIS概念数据模型研究的基础上 ,提出了面向对象整体GIS数据模型 ,并针对整体GIS软件的实现在系统数据组织、存储结构与访问机制方面进行了较为深入的探讨 ,Deskpro最后简单介绍了基于整体GIS数据模型的商品化软件———SuperMapDeskpro的实现情况     

XML Web Service‐based development model for Internet GIS applications

Most of the current Internet Geographic Information System (GIS) applications cannot be shared and are not interoperable because of their heterogeneous environments. With the growth of Internet GIS, many difficulties have occurred in integrating GIS components because of their diversity. The main objective of this study is to suggest a new development model for dynamic and interoperable Internet GIS applications. The model is based mainly on the dynamic integration of Internet GIS components by applying Extensible Markup Language (XML), XML Web Service, Geography Markup Language (GML), and Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), etc. The relevant technologies of Internet GIS were reviewed thoroughly, and then a new model was designed. During the design of the new model, typical examples of GIS Web Service components were suggested, together with practical structures for applications using these components. Six examples of components and four types of applications were suggested, and they were experimentally implemented for model validation and improvement. The suggested model and components will enable easier and more rapid development of Internet GIS applications through the dynamic integration of distributed GIS components. Users will be able to avoid redundancy and consequently reduce both cost and time during each GIS project.     

雪龙在线网络信息平台的研发与展望

雪龙在线是一个连接"雪龙"号与国内的网络信息平台,借助于海事卫星通讯链路(BGAN)将船上航行动态信息与科考仪器数据与国内服务器进行交换,并在互联网实时发布获取的动态数据,为极地考察主管部门、考察队员及其家属以及社会公众提供一个了解"雪龙"号航行状态、关注极地考察的窗口,并可通过国内专家团队和专业数据产品为"雪龙"号航...     

Guidelines for trust interface design for public engagement Web GIS

Attesting to the powerful capabilities and in technology trends, many scholars envisioned the consolidation of geographic information systems (GIS) into vital tools for disseminating spatial information. GIS are presently used to inform, advise and instruct users in several contexts and to further engage citizens in decision-making processes that can impact and sustain policy development. Interaction with these applications incorporates risk and uncertainty, which have been repeatedly identified as preconditions in nurturing trust perceptions and which instigate a user's decision to rely on a system and act on the provided information. Research studies consistently demonstrated that a trust-oriented interface design can facilitate the development of more trustworthy, mainly e-commerce, systems. Trust in the Web GIS context, despite its significance, has only relatively recently received some attention. A set of human–computer interaction (HCI) user-based studies revealed some Web GIS trustee attributes that influence non-experts' trust beliefs and found that when these are problematic or absent from interface design, users form irrational trust perceptions, which amplifies the risk and may impose dangers to the user. These Web GIS trustee attributes that influence non-experts' trust perceptions are formulated here into a set of trust guidelines. These are then evaluated using the PE-Nuclear tool, a Web GIS application, to inform the public about the site selection of a nuclear waste repository in the United Kingdom. Our preliminary results indicate that the proposed trust guidelines not only support the development of rational trust perceptions that protect non-experts from inappropriate use of Web GIS technology but also contribute towards improving interaction with such applications of public interest issue.     

OpenCIS—Open Source GIS‐based web community information system

Geographic Information System (GIS) technology has many applications and plays a vital role in the majority of the daily operations by government and public administration. However, due to its technical complexity and cost, communities lacking the expertise and resources cannot benefit from this technology. The OpenCIS project, a user‐friendly free Open Source GIS‐based Web Community Information System, seeks to address this issue by bridging the gap between a simple map viewer and full GIS, representing one of the first steps towards the goal of grassroots empowerment through GIS technology.