蒙西斑岩铜钼矿床成矿阶段及成矿元素统计分析意义

蒙西斑岩铜钼矿位于东准噶尔北塔山-纸房-琼河坝岛弧带东段琼河坝地区,属形成于断裂背景下的斑岩型矿床.脉状矿化是该矿床主要矿化类型,不同脉体有一定生成顺序.早期钾化阶段形成磁铁矿钾长石石英脉、硫化物钾长石石英脉、及高温阶段磁铁矿碳酸盐脉.进入硅化作用阶段后,形成磁铁矿石英脉、辉钼矿石英脉、黄铜矿黄铁矿石英脉、黄铁矿石英脉及少硫化物石英脉.成矿作用后期形成不含或少含硫化物的石英脉、碳酸盐脉.结合矿化蚀变带内地化元素的聚类分析、因子分析特征,初步将蒙西铜钼矿成矿作用分为早期构造挤压作用成矿期和岩浆热液作用成矿期.岩浆热液成矿期是该矿床的主要成矿时期,可细分为高温成矿阶段和中低温成矿阶段,分别对应形成Mo,Cu的富集矿化.     

甘肃北山拾金坡金矿床地质特征及成因分析

拾金坡金矿是甘肃北山南带较为典型的含金硫化物石英脉型金矿床,矿化富集与加里东晚期—海西早期拾金坡复式岩体密切相关。矿体产于岩体的内接触带,产出部位明显受近EW向断裂破碎带的控制。矿体主要为大脉状、脉状、透镜状。矿床中发育一套典型的中温热液成因的矿物组合,矿石以强烈的绢云母化、碳酸盐化、硅化和黄铁矿化为特征,矿石的金属矿物组合为自然金_银金矿_黄铁矿_方铅矿_闪锌矿_黄铜矿,矿化属中温热液成因。硫和铅同位素显示成矿金属物质主要来自围岩,即斑状花岗岩;氢和氧同位素组成表明成矿流体来自花岗岩浆水。成矿时代属早—中海西期。因此可推断,拾金坡金矿床属于与构造_岩浆活动有关的中温岩浆热液成因矿床。     

河南槐树坪金矿成矿物质共生组合规律及成矿期次

槐树坪金矿是豫西熊耳山地区新发现的大型含金石英脉型金矿床,成矿具有多期次性等特点。为确定槐树坪金矿成矿物质共生组合及成矿期次,通过地球化学数据多元统计分析,得出矿床中Au的富集与成矿指示元素Bi、Ag密切相关,其中与Au矿化阶段相一致的3个主要阶段为:As-Ag-Hg组合沉淀作用阶段、Pb-Zn多金属硫化物矿化阶段和Cu-W-Mo组合沉淀作用阶段。通过岩矿鉴定及野外调研确定的矿石矿物共生组合为(黄铁矿、赤铁矿)—白铁矿—闪锌矿—方铅矿—(黄铜矿、斑铜矿)—蓝辉铜矿;围岩蚀变组合为钾长石、石英、黑云母、高岭土、方解石、白云石、绢云母、绿泥石、绿帘石。矿床成矿期次可划分为蚀变期、热液期及表生期,热液期又包括乳白色石英脉阶段、烟灰色石英—多金属硫化物阶段、白色石英脉—黄铁矿细脉状矿化阶段和石英—碳酸盐化阶段。     

新疆包古图地区斑岩型铜矿化特征和成矿元素迁移规律初探

新疆西准噶尔包古图地区斑岩型铜矿化发育,蚀变矿化特征随岩体不同存在显著差异。文章通过岩石学、矿相学和微量元素地球化学的方法,重点研究了Ⅲ号和Ⅴ号岩体的矿化特征和成矿元素迁移规律。结果表明：Ⅲ号岩体矿化中等,以黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿和黄铜矿为主,呈浸染状,硫化物脉少见;Ⅴ号岩体内部及其与围岩接触带产出大型铜矿床,金属矿物主要有黄铁矿、黄铜矿和辉钼矿,呈浸染状和细脉-网脉状分布。Ⅲ号岩体角闪石英闪长岩形成于岩浆-热液过渡阶段,与石英（花岗）闪长岩对比显示,挥发分出溶过程中,Cs、Rb、Ba、Th、U迁移进入挥发相,稀土元素稳定未迁移,Cu、Bi显著富集,Mo和Sb被流体迁移带走,形成热液矿化。Ⅴ号岩体钾化和硅化样品代表了不同的流体作用阶段,与未蚀变样品对比显示,在钾化阶段Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf性质稳定,轻稀土元素发生显著迁移,在硅化阶段轻稀土元素富集;重稀土元素在岩浆-热液演化过程保持稳定。Cu、Mo和Bi在钾化作用阶段富集成矿,Zn和Sb则主要在晚期石英脉中富集。     

新疆包古图地区斑岩型铜矿化特征和成矿元素迁移规律初探

新疆西准噶尔包古图地区斑岩型铜矿化发育,蚀变矿化特征随岩体不同存在显著差异。文章通过岩石学、矿相学和微量元素地球化学的方法,重点研究了Ⅲ号和Ⅴ号岩体的矿化特征和成矿元素迁移规律。结果表明:Ⅲ号岩体矿化中等,以黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿和黄铜矿为主,呈浸染状,硫化物脉少见;Ⅴ号岩体内部及其与围岩接触带产出大型铜矿床,金属矿物主要有黄铁矿、黄铜矿和辉钼矿,呈浸染状和细脉-网脉状分布。Ⅲ号岩体角闪石英闪长岩形成于岩浆-热液过渡阶段,与石英(花岗)闪长岩对比显示,挥发分出溶过程中,Cs、Rb、Ba、Th、U迁移进入挥发相,稀土元素稳定未迁移,Cu、Bi显著富集,Mo和Sb被流体迁移带走,形成热液矿化。Ⅴ号岩体钾化和硅化样品代表了不同的流体作用阶段,与未蚀变样品对比显示,在钾化阶段Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf性质稳定,轻稀土元素发生显著迁移,在硅化阶段轻稀土元素富集;重稀土元素在岩浆-热液演化过程保持稳定。Cu、Mo和Bi在钾化作用阶段富集成矿,Zn和Sb则主要在晚期石英脉中富集。     

青海陆日格斑岩钼铜矿床地质特征及矿化赋存状态研究

陆日格斑岩钼铜矿床为近期于青海南部三江北段发现的斑岩钼铜矿床(点),在矿床野外地质调查基础上,利用室内显微观察、电子探针分析技术,研究了陆日格矿床矿石组构、成分及伴生元素Mo、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Re等的赋存状态。研究表明,陆日格矿床以浸染状、细脉状构造为主,发育大量石英-多金属硫化物脉、石英-绢云母-多金属硫化物脉和石英-碳酸盐脉等。根据矿床矿化产出及矿石组构特征,进行了成矿阶段划分。陆日格矿床具备较全的斑岩热液-期后热液矿床的矿化元素组合,表明其良好的找矿潜力。     

陕西略阳陈家坝铜铅锌多金属矿床硫化物微量元素和硫同位素地球化学特征

为探讨勉-略-阳矿集区陈家坝铜铅锌多金属矿床的成矿物质来源及矿床成因,以矿床中的黄铁矿、黄铜矿和闪锌矿为研究对象,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪和同位素质谱仪分析方法,开展了稀土元素、微量元素及S同位素地球化学研究。结果表明,与大陆上部地壳微量元素丰度相比,黄铁矿中Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Au等成矿元素富集,可能反映了成矿流体中富集成矿元素;黄铁矿的Y/Ho=5.5~42.0,与石英角斑岩的Y/Ho值基本一致,指示岩浆流体参与成矿;黄铁矿的Co含量为54.8×10~(-6)~165.02×10~(-6),Co/Ni值为1.29~5.95,显示该矿床形成于中低温环境,其经历了早期火山喷流成矿和后期热液成矿作用;硫化物的δ34S值为4.88‰~8.90‰,硫源由卤水硫酸盐与海水硫酸盐混合组成。     

胶东台上金矿床成矿流体演化：载金黄铁矿稀土元素和微量元素组成约束

胶西北金资源量占胶东地区的90%,台上金矿床是胶西北最大的断裂带招平断裂带内重要的"焦家式"金矿床矿体严格受破头青断裂及其下盘的次级断裂控制;蚀变主要有钾长石化、绢英岩化、硅化和碳酸盐化蚀变;矿化类型划分为破碎带蚀变岩型和石英脉型。矿石矿物主要为黄铁矿,其次是黄铜矿和方铅矿。根据野外蚀变、矿化发育情况,手标本及镜下鉴定,将成矿期划分为4个阶段:即黄铁矿-石英-绢云母阶段(Ⅰ);石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅱ);石英-多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅲ);石英-碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ)。本研究在不同中段内系统采集了不同成矿阶段的蚀变岩型和脉型矿石样品,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)方法分析样品内黄铁矿微量元素、稀土元素,以此反映成矿流体演化。与碳质球粒陨石相比,各阶段黄铁矿的LREE比HREE更富集,Hf/Sm、Nb/La和Th/La值均小于1,表明成矿流体中富Cl-,F-含量低。与大陆地壳相比,黄铁矿微量元素特征表明成矿流体富集亲硫元素Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和铁族元素Co、Ni。各阶段黄铁矿Ce异常较弱(δCe值0.86~1.03),表明在成矿过程中物理化学条件为还原环境。Eu2+易于在高温条件下存在,形成正异常,黄铁矿内Eu主要为负异常,Ⅰ、Ⅱ成矿阶段δEu值0.26~1.06,变化范围较大,个别样品δEu值大于1,Ⅲ、Ⅳ阶段δEu值0.45~0.61,变化范围减小,分布在0.5左右,δEu值变化特征表明成矿前期流体温度总体较低,有较高温度的热液混入,成矿后期流体温度较低。同一热液体系中Y/Ho、Zr/Hf和Nb/Ta比值稳定,台上金矿床各成矿阶段Y/Ho值、Zr/Hf值和Nb/Ta值变化范围较大,表明成矿各阶段热液体系可能受到干扰,发生了交代作用或有外来热液加入。黄铁矿Y/Ho范围与中国东部大陆地壳Y/Ho范围重合最多,表明成矿流体与地壳关系密切。     

大兴安岭西坡二道河子铅锌银矿床银的赋存状态、迁移形式及沉淀机制

二道河子铅锌银多金属矿床是一个中型浅成热液矿床,它产于大兴安岭西坡得耳布干成矿带中段的晚中生代“双峰式”火山岩区。根椐野外矿脉的穿插关系和室内矿相学研究,将热液成矿期划分为四个成矿阶段,即：石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)、石英-多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅱ)、石英-闪锌矿-方铅矿-银矿物阶段(Ⅲ)和石英-方解石-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅳ)。采用显微镜和电子探针(EPMA)微区技术对矿床中的硫化物和银矿物进行分析,结果表明,银的存在形式主要为可见银(>1μm),其次为不可见银(<1μm)。可见银主要以显微包体银和独立银矿物的形式存在,而不可见银主要呈次显微包体银和晶格银;显微(次显微)银常以浑圆状或不规则状分布在硫化物内部或硫化物和石英颗粒间隙,独立银矿物呈脉状或集合体状主要分布于方铅矿(偶见闪锌矿)脉的裂隙和边缘,晶格银赋存在方铅矿中,含量极少。结合前人研究成果,认为成矿早期(石英-黄铁矿阶段)成矿热液中的金属元素(如Ag、Cu、Fe、Pb和Zn元素等)以氯络合物形式运移,伴随着流体不混溶/沸腾作用,硫氢络合物成为主要的迁移形式。随着温度、压力的降低和大气降水的参与,成矿流体自下而上运移,并先后经历...     

新疆包古图地区金矿床地质特征及成矿模型研究

包古图地区是新疆西准噶尔重要的金矿集区之一,根据矿床地质和矿化类型,可将区内金矿化分为2类:以阔个沙也金矿床(包古图金矿Ⅰ~Ⅳ号点)为代表的石英脉型金矿化,产于部分中酸性斑岩体周边地层中,赋矿围岩为下石炭统包古图组凝灰质砂岩、凝灰岩等,围岩蚀变以硅化、绢云母化、黄铁矿化、毒砂化和碳酸盐化为主,矿体为黄铁矿_石英脉型、辉锑矿_石英脉型和自然砷_石英脉型或石英网脉型/蚀变岩型,受NE向断裂控制,与矿区密集分布的中酸性脉岩伴生,主要矿物组合为黄铁矿_毒砂_自然砷_辉锑矿_自然金_银金矿,矿化元素组合为Au_As_Sb,是中酸性斑岩系统热液演化晚期的产物;另一类金矿化产于中酸性斑岩与下石炭统火山_沉积地层的接触带中,以包古图金矿Ⅺ号点为代表,矿体为石英_硫化物脉型,矿物组合为黄铁矿_毒砂_自然铋_辉铋矿_自然金_黄铜矿,是斑岩系统热液演化较早期的产物。结合已有研究资料,可将区内金矿床的成矿模型总结如下:斑岩岩浆系统演化晚期分异出含Au_Cu_Bi_As_Sb的岩浆热液,在岩体内部形成斑岩型铜矿化,岩体与围岩接触带形成高温石英_硫化物脉型Au_As_Bi矿化,部分含矿热液随中酸性岩脉向外围迁移,并逐渐与大气水混合,最终在NE向断裂中形成石英脉型Au_As_Sb矿化。基于此成矿模型,认为包古图地区金矿找矿工作的重点应该放在中酸性斑岩体与围岩接触带和斑岩体外围NE向断裂(中酸性脉岩)密集分布区,尤其是As_Sb、As_Bi化探异常叠加区。矿床地质和地球化学特征对比显示,包古图金矿成矿系统与侵入岩有关的金矿成矿系统非常相似。     

新疆霍什布拉克铅锌矿床微量元素地球化学

霍什布拉克铅锌矿床是新疆西南天山地区晚古生代碳酸盐岩容矿的重要矿床。本文采用高精度电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)对主要矿石矿物(黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿)和热液脉石矿物方解石进行了微量元素地球化学研究。研究表明,黄铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、方解石具有较为相似的稀土元素特征,Eu正异常明显,弱负或弱正Ce异常指示成矿流体最初由相对氧化的条件演化为还原条件。与霍什布拉克岩体、容矿围岩的稀土元素组成进行对比后发现,硫化物及热液方解石稀土元素配分曲线部分与重结晶泥晶灰岩重合,结合前人同位素地球化学研究,认为容矿坦盖塔尔组碳酸盐岩为成矿提供了必要的成矿物质及成矿流体组分。Ga/In值显示闪锌矿为低温成矿;硫化物明显富集LREE,Hf/Sm、Nb/La和Th/La值小于1,显示铅锌成矿过程中成矿流体主体以富Cl为特征;Y/Ho、Zr/Hf和Nb/Ta值变化范围相对较小,表明成矿期流体性质相对较为稳定,基本未混入外来流体。     

河南栾川地区铅锌矿床地质和硫同位素地球化学

河南栾川地区是我国著名斑岩钼矿集区,近年铅锌矿勘查取得重要进展,但对铅锌矿成因认识分歧颇多。研究表明,栾川地区铅锌矿产在燕山期斑岩钼矿床外围,矿区地层为中元古界官道口群和新元古界栾川群碳酸盐岩-碎屑岩沉积变质建造,地层中侵入有晋宁期辉长岩、正长岩和燕山期酸性斑岩,铅锌矿呈脉状或透镜状,发育3种类型:受燕山期斑岩与元古界钙质地层接触带控制的夕卡岩型铅锌矿、受北西西向层间断裂构造控制的脉状铅锌矿和受北东或近南北向张-张扭性断裂控制的脉状铅锌矿。铅锌矿石中硫化物δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)为近零的正值(骆驼山0.37‰～4.20‰、赤土店-0.32‰～8.30‰、百炉沟-1.20‰～10.90‰、冷水北沟0.70‰～12.10‰),岩浆来源硫特征明显;夕卡岩型铅锌硫化物的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)与本地斑岩型钼矿石中硫化物的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)(1.24‰～3.30‰)极为相近,脉状铅锌硫化物的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)与斑岩型钼矿石中硫化物重合,但有地层中硫(δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)为12.43‰～18.63‰)的影响。总体上δ~(34)S_(黄铁矿)>δ~(34)S_(闪锌矿)>δ~(34)S_(方铅矿),指示矿石中主要硫化物矿物硫同位素分馏基本达到平衡,赤土店铅锌矿石中共生方铅矿与闪锌矿的硫同位素温度计指示硫化物矿物沉淀温度较高(388.29℃)。河南栾川地区铅锌矿主体应为受燕山期构造-岩浆作用控制的中高温热液铅锌矿床。     

Genesis of the Bianjiadayuan Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit,Inner Mongolia,China:Constraints from in-situ sulfur isotope and trace element geochemistry of pyrite

The Southern Great Xing'an Range(S(GXR)which forms part of the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB)is known as one of the most important Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn-Ag-Au metallogenic belts in China,hosting a number of porphyry Mo(Cu),skarn Fe(Sn),epithermal Au-Ag,and hydrothermal veintype Ag-Pb-Zn ore deposits.Here we investigate the Bianjiadayuan hydrothermal vein-type Ag-Pb-Zn ore deposit in the southern part of the SGXR.Porphyry Sn± Cu± Mo mineralization is also developed to the west of the Ag-Pb-Zn veins in the ore field.We identify a five-stage mineralization process based on field and petrologic studies including(i)the early porphyry mineralization stage,(ii)main porphyry mineralization stage,(iii)transition mineralization stage,(iv)vein-type mineralization stage and(v)late mineralization stage.Pyrite is the predominant sulfide mineral in all stages except in the late mineralization stage,and we identify corresponding four types of pyrites:Pyl is medium-grained subhedral to euhedral occurring in the early barren quartz vein;Py2 is medium-to fine-grained euhedral pyrite mainly coexisting with molybdenite,chalcopyrite,minor sphalerite and galena;Py3 is fine-grained,subhedral to irregular pyrite and displays cataclastic textures with micro-fractures;Py4 occurs as euhedral microcrystals and forms irregularly shaped aggregate with sphalerite and galena.LA-ICP-MS trace element analyses of pyrite show that Cu,Pb,Zn,Ag,Sn,Cd and Sb are partitioned into pyrite as structurally bound metals or mineral micro/nano-inclusions,whereas Co,Ni,As and Se enter the lattice via isomorphism in all types of pyrite.The Cu,Zn,Ag,Cd concentrations gradually increase from Pyl to Py4,which we correlate with cooling and mixing of ore-forming fluid with meteoric water.Py2 contains the highest contents of Co,Ni,Se,Te and Bi,suggesting high temperature conditions for the porphyry mineralization stage.Ratios of Co/Ni(0.03-10.79,average 2.13)and sulphur isotope composition of sulfide indicate typical hydrothermal origin for pyrites.The δ~(34)S_(cDT) values of Pyl(0.42‰-1.61‰,average1.16‰),Py2(-1.23‰to 0.82‰,average 0.35‰),Py3(—0.36‰to 2.47‰average 0.97‰).Py4(2.51‰--3.72‰,average 3.06‰),and other sulfides are consistent with those of typical porphyry deposit(-5‰to 5‰),indicating that the Pb-Zn polymetallic mineralization in the Bianjiadayuan deposit is genetically linked to the Yanshanian(Jurassic-Cretaceous)magmatic-hydrothermal events.Variations of δ~(34) S values are ascribed to the changes in physical and chemical conditions during the evolution and migration of the ore-forming fluid.We propose that the high Sn content of pyrite in the Bianjiadayuan hydrothermal vein-type Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit can be used as a possible pathfinder to prospect for Sn mineralization in the surrounding area or deeper level of the ore field in this region.     

云南富乐铅锌矿床黄铁矿微量(稀散)元素组成及成因信息:LA-ICPMS研究

川滇黔铅锌矿集区是华南大面积低温成矿域的重要组成部分,区内铅锌矿床是否属于MVT型矿床长期存在争议。该区铅锌矿床以富集Ge等稀散元素为特征,闪锌矿是其主要载体矿物,但稀散元素在黄铁矿中是否富集、赋存状态及微量元素组成特征等研究基本属于空白。本文通过LA-ICPMS研究富乐黄铁矿中微量元素(尤其是稀散元素)的富集特征,发现黄铁矿中也相对富集Ge。本研究样品选自富乐矿床的富乐和富盛两个矿段,包括1350、1410和1536三个中段(由深到浅),LAICPMS分析结果表明,该矿床黄铁矿以富集Cu、As、Co、Ni为特征,局部富集Pb(Sb)和Zn(以方铅矿和闪锌矿显微包裹体形式赋存于黄铁矿中),该类黄铁矿富集的稀散元素主要为Se、Ge及少量Tl、Te,而Cd和In以类质同象形式赋存于含Zn的显微包裹体(闪锌矿)中,类质同象是其余稀散元素主要赋存形式,且黄铁矿中Ge与Cu存在较好相关关系,可能存在Cu~(2+)+Ge~(2+)?2Fe~(2+)耦合置换方式。此外,黄铁矿中稀散元素的富集与成矿元素(特别是Cu)的富集密切相关,随着成矿作用的进行,从矿体深部到浅部,成矿温度逐渐降低,Se/Te比值逐渐升高,且稀散元素与成矿元素呈逐渐增加趋势。研究表明,该矿床黄铁矿的Co/Ni比值基本都小于1. 00,暗示其属于沉积改造型黄铁矿,在Co-Ni和稀散元素Se-Tl含量投影图上,富乐矿床黄铁矿的投影点与MVT型矿床投影区基本一致,而明显有别于SEDEX、VMS和矽卡岩型矿床中黄铁矿的投影区,结合富乐矿床类似于MVT型的地质特征,我们认为富乐矿床属于MVT型铅锌矿床。     

Re–Os isotope evidence for mixed source components in carbonate-replacement Pb–Zn–Ag deposits in the Lavrion district,Attica, Greece

The Lavrion ore district contains carbonate-replacement and vein-type Pb–Zn–Ag deposits as well as low-grade porphyry Mo, Cu–Fe skarn, and minor breccia-hosted Pb–Zn–Cu sulfide mineralization. These ore types are spatially related to a Late Miocene granodiorite intrusion (7 to 10 Ma), and various sills and dikes of mafic to felsic composition. Samples of sphalerite and pyrite from the Ilarion carbonate replacement deposit, and galena from Vein 80 (vein-type mineralization) in the Adami deposit show heterogeneous Re–Os values. These values were partially disturbed by hydrothermal activity associated with the formation of hydrothermal veins (e.g., Vein 80). A plot of initial ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os versus 1/Os_common ratios for pyrite and sphalerite from the Ilarion deposit form a mixing line (r²?=?0.78) between high concentration crustal-like and low concentration mantle-like end-members, or two crustal end-members one of which was more radiogenic than the other. Based on the Re–Os systematics and previously published geological and geochemical evidence, the most plausible explanation for the Re–Os isotope data is that ore-forming components were derived from mixed sources, one of which was a radiogenic crustal source from schists and carbonates probably near intrusion centers and the other, intrusive rocks in the district that are less radiogenic. Although the Re and Os concentrations of galena from Vein 80 are above background values they cannot be used as a chronometer. However, the results of the current study suggest that although pyrite, sphalerite, and galena are poor geochronometers in this ore deposit, due to partial open-system behavior, they still yield valuable information on the origin of the source rocks in the formation of bedded replacement and vein mineralization in the Lavrion district.     

滇东北铅锌矿集区昭通铅锌矿床成因的成矿流体证据

云南昭通铅锌矿床是铅锌多金属矿集区的典型代表之一。该矿床严格受NE向毛坪冲断褶皱构造控制,矿体分布于毛坪逆断层上盘的猫猫山倒转背斜西翼层间断裂带中,呈大脉状陡倾斜产出,其延深远远大于走向延长。主要矿石矿物由闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿组成,脉石矿物主要为铁白云石、方解石、石英和重晶石。本文针对成矿流体研究的薄弱环节,进行了闪锌矿、脉石矿物(方解石、石英)流体包裹体成分研究,研究认为流体包裹体类型主要呈纯液相和液相,成矿热液属Na+-K+-Ca2+-Cl--F-型,与典型MVT矿床存在明显差异,为深化"会泽型"铅锌矿床"构造–流体‘贯入’成矿"模型提供了重要证据,而且该研究无疑对矿床深部及外围找矿具有指导意义。     

河南灵宝银家沟硫铁多金属矿床地质特征及成矿模式

豫西银家沟硫铁多金属矿床是与中酸性斑岩小侵入体具成因联系的大型热液交代型矿床;矿床赋矿地层主要为蓟县系龙家园组和巡检司组含燧石条带白云岩;矿床的成矿岩体呈复式微型岩株,中心相为钾长花岗斑岩,边缘相为石英闪长斑岩,岩体为超浅成侵入伴随隐爆作用的次火山相岩浆岩;矿床以硫铁矿为主体,共/伴生有铁、铜、钼、铅、锌、银、金等;矿体以透镜状为主,均为隐伏矿体;成矿分为磁铁矿-赤铁矿阶段、石英-辉钼矿阶段、石英-中粗粒黄铁矿阶段、黄铜矿-磁黄铁矿阶段;铅锌硫化物为最晚期产物。银家沟硫铁多金属矿床具有成矿物质多来源、成矿多阶段的特点。成矿岩体自身携带大量成矿元素,同时萃取了围岩中的多种成矿元素,在环境适合的条件下沉淀成矿。     

The Chalukou deposit in the North Great Xing’an Range of China: A protracted porphyry Mo ore-forming system in a long-lived magmatic evolution cycle

The Chalukou deposit is located in the North Great Xing’an Range of the Xing’an-Mongolia Orogen bordering and to the northeast of the North China Craton. The deposit is a high-F-type porphyry Mo deposit hosted by the Chalukou composite igneous body containing small intrusive bodies genetically related to Mo mineralization. The composite igneous body includes pre-mineralization dolerite, monzogranite and syenogranite, syn-mineralization rhyolitic porphyry, granitic porphyry and fine-grained monzogranite, and post-mineralization rhyolitic porphyry, quartz porphyry, dioritic porphyry and andesitic porphyry. Detailed laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb zircon dating of the igneous components of the composite igneous body was carried out to determine the temporal framework for magmatism in the Chalukou region. The new LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages constraint documented here, together with the published ages, indicate that there was a protracted porphyry Mo ore-forming event of approximately 7 million years between ca. 152 when the ore related rhyolitic porphyry was emplaced and ca.145 Ma when molybdenite ceased being deposited. The dating reveals that the mineralization is a part of relatively long-lived magmatic cycle involving the emplacement of small doleritic stocks at ca. 165 Ma that progressively evolved into extensive granitic intrusions at ca. 164 Ma, and then diminished with the emplacement of mineralization-related porphyries to ca. 152 Ma. The emplacement of barren Early Cretaceous magmatism, represented by volcanic units in the ca. 136 Ma Guanghua Formation and porphyries, followed the mineralized magmatism.The syn-mineralization porphyry units associated with Mo contain zircons assaying ∼15 times higher in U and Th than the pre-mineralization magmatic phases. This indicates that there was a significant enrichment of Mo, U and Th in the magma, and directly associated with ore fluid exsolution. The return to their normal levels in the three elements in the post-mineralization magmatic phases indicates that they were exhausted from the magma chamber in the later phases. A genetic model is proposed for the enormous introduction of ore metals and enrichment at the Chalukou deposit. The protracted and multiphase igneous activity during the long-lived magmatism reflects a multistage enrichment of metal, and may play a crucial role in the formation of a volatile-enriched, fertile and large-volume magma chamber beneath the Chalukou deposit. Such a chamber is envisaged to be required for the formation of porphyry Mo deposits in general.     

滇东北麻栗坪铅锌矿床微量元素分布与赋存状态:LA-ICPMS研究

位于扬子板块西南缘的"川滇黔接壤铅锌矿集区"是我国西南大面积低温成矿域的重要组成部分,麻栗坪铅锌矿床位于该矿集区昭通-曲靖成矿带中段,是近年来滇东北地区新发现的铅锌矿床。本文以麻栗坪铅锌矿不同硫化物为研究对象,通过LA-ICPMS原位点测试和元素Mapping分析,尝试揭示该矿床中Ge、Cd和In等微量元素在不同硫化物中分布规律与赋存状态。本次研究发现,麻栗坪矿床不同硫化物中富集的微量元素明显不同,闪锌矿主要富集Mn、Cu、Sn、Cd、In和Ge,而方铅矿主要富集Ag、Sb和Se,黄铁矿则富集As、Co和Ni。闪锌矿是分散元素Ge、In和Cd的主要载体矿物,且Cd、Ge、In、Mn、As、Sb和Ag以类质同象形式赋存于闪锌矿中;而Cu则主要以类质同象形式存在,部分Cu以黄铜矿的显微包裹体形式赋存于闪锌矿中,其中以类质同象赋存于闪锌矿中Cu和Ge呈现明显的相关性,可能暗示其与Zn的置换方式为:3Zn2+Ge4++2Cu+。总体上,该矿床闪锌矿以富集Cd、Ge,贫Fe、Mn、Co、Sn为特征,这些微量元素组成与典型MVT型矿床基本一致,明显有别于喷流沉积和岩浆热液型矿床,而与中低温条件下形成的闪锌矿微量元素组成相似。结合该矿床后生成矿特征明显等地质地球化学研究成果,我们认为该矿床应属于MVT型铅锌矿床。值得注意的是,该矿床闪锌矿相对富集In,可能暗示其形成具有特殊性,这可能与其成矿流体在长距离运移过程中所流经地层有关,该类流体活化萃取了基底地层的中-酸性岩浆岩或火山碎屑岩中的In,致使矿床中闪锌矿相对富集In。     

Distribution and existing forms of trace elements from Maliping Pb-Zn deposit in northeastern Yunnan,China : A LA-ICPMS studyEI北大核心CSCD

The Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou (SYG) Pb-Zn metallogenic province, located in southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block, is an important part of the large-scale low-temperature metallogenic domain in southwestern China. The Maliping Pb-Zn deposit, situated in the central part of Zhaotong-Qujing metallogenic belt, was found in northeastern Yunnan Province recently. The orebody is hosted in Late Cambrian Yuhucun Formation, occurring as stratabound, tense and venis. The mineral assemblage of the Maliping deposit is relatively simple. The main sulfide minerals are sphalerite and galena with minor pyrite. Gangue minerals include mainly dolomite, calcite, quartz and barite. LA-ICPMS spots and mapping analysis for the different sulfides from Maliping Pb-Zn deposit, and the distribution and existing forms of germanium, cadmium, indium and other trace elements were investigated. The results show that different sulfides are characterized by different contents of trace elements. Mn, Cu, Sn, Cd, In and Ge are mainly enriched in sphalerite, while galena from this deposit is enrichment of Ag, Sb and Se, and pyrite is characterized by enrichment of As, Co and Ni. Comparing with the content of dispersed elements in different sulfides, the results indicate that sphalerite is the primary carrier mineral of Ge, In and Cd. Cd, Ge, In, Mn, As, Sb and Ag occur as isomorphous substitution in the sphalerite, and Cu mostly exists in sphalerite as isomorphism but part of Cu occurs as micro-inclusions (chalcopyrite) in sphalerite. Considered the distinct positive relationship between Cu and Ge, the results imply that the substitution mechanism of Ge and Cu is possibly 3Zn(2+) <-> Ge4+ + 2Cu(+). Additionally, sphalerite from Maliping Pb-Zn deposit is characterized by enrichment of Cd, Ge and depleted in Mn, Fe, Co and Sn which coincides with the feature of MVT Pb-Zn deposit and differs from the sedimentary-exhalative deposit and magmatic-hydrothermal deposit. On account of the geological features, other geochemical researches and its ore-forming temperature belonging to low temperature, it is suggested that the Maliping deposit belongs to an MVT Pb-Zn deposit. Notably, we imply that ore-forming fluid extracted indium of magmatic and volcaniclastic rocks from the metamorphic basement, resulting in the enrichment of indium in sphalerite from the deposit.