湘西洛塔表层岩溶带特征分析

经过野外调查和借鉴前人成果资料,对洛塔岩溶盆地的表层岩溶带进行了重新认识.分析了表层岩溶带的发育分布特征和主要影响因素;划分了表层岩溶带类型;简要描述了表层岩溶带水文地质条件和利用价值,为进一步作好洛塔表层岩溶水的开发利用和生态重建工作.     

洛塔表层岩溶带水文地质特征及其水文地质结构类型

在简述洛塔地区自然地理、岩溶及水文地质基本特征的基础上,对区内表层岩溶带的水文地质特征及表层岩溶带水文地质结构进行了较详细的分析和论述。提出了查明表层岩溶带水文地质结构是研究表层岩溶带水文地质子系统调蓄能力的关键所在的观点。根据表层岩溶带的水动力条件类型、含水空间结构类型、碳酸盐岩类型及第四系土层覆盖情况,将区内表层岩溶带水文地质结构划分为12个具体类型。并对各表层岩溶带水文地质结构类型的主要水文地质特征、调蓄能力及其地下水的开发利用条件等进行了简要的评述。      

湖南洛塔表层岩溶带水文地质地球化学特征分析

湖南洛塔为西南具有一定代表性的溶丘洼地型岩溶区,本文利用近两年来洛塔水环境监测资料,进行洛塔表层岩溶带的水化学和水温场特征的研究,认为该表层岩溶带的水化学和水温场的特征与气候、生态环境和岩溶含水介质等多种因素明显相关。不同影响因素对表层岩溶水水化学组分的作用有所不同,表层岩溶带岩溶水受气候影响较大,大气降水的降雨强度,直接影响到地下水化学组分含量的大小,总硬度和HCO-3 含量与降雨量呈明显的负相关关系,植被、土壤的覆盖程度与水化学组分含量高低呈正相关性。      

西南地区岩溶水源地类型及开发技术条件

明确了岩溶水源地的定义,并提出了新的岩溶水源地分类方案。首先按岩溶含水层的埋藏分布、岩溶水出露状态,将岩溶水源地划分为天然出露的岩溶水源地及隐伏的岩溶水源地两大类。然后再根据岩溶水源地的岩溶含水介质特征（导水和赋水空间形态、结构及水动力特征）进一步将天然出露的岩溶水源地划分为暗河、泉、表层泉三个亚类,将隐伏的岩溶水源地划分为饱水带富水块段、表层带富水块段两个亚类。并研究评价了各个类型的岩溶水富集规律、动态特征、岩溶水资源、开发技术条件。      

湘西洛塔表层岩溶泉的生态环境类型及水文特征

岩溶石山区表层岩溶带的调蓄功能可有效控制石漠化的加剧并为严重缺水地区提供饮用水。文章以湖南洛塔为例,在大量的野外调查基础上,通过对洛塔岩溶区表层岩溶系统生态环境与表层岩溶泉水文特征的对比研究,按生态环境属性将表层岩溶泉分为三种主要类型:森林环境表层岩溶泉、石漠化环境表层岩溶泉及石漠化-森林过渡环境表层岩溶泉。详细论述上述三种表层岩溶泉的发育条件与水文特征:森林环境表层岩溶泉具有持续稳定的水文动态与流量;石漠化环境表层岩溶泉流量与降雨量相对应,动态极不稳定;石漠化与森林过渡环境表层岩溶泉流量排泄峰值具有随泉域植被覆盖率增加而缓和的趋势。按照环境类型对表层岩溶泉进行分类,可直观地显示其特殊的水文特征,有助于岩溶泉的合理开发和综合利用。     

表层岩溶带调蓄系数定量计算--以湘西洛塔赵家湾为例

本文以湖南洛塔赵家湾表层岩溶系统为例,综合利用水位、降雨量、蒸发量及泉流量等长观资料,分别对不同降雨特征下的表层岩溶带调蓄系数进行了定量计算,并对影响表层岩溶带调蓄能力的因素进行了分析。计算得到丰水期赵家湾表层岩溶带调蓄系数为0 14～0 2 8,明显小于枯水期调蓄系数0 44 ;但丰水期久旱后表层岩溶带的调蓄能力接近于枯水期;在丰水期,场雨和连续降雨时的调蓄能力比间歇降雨时的小近1倍。实例计算表明:赵家湾表层岩溶带具有一定的调蓄能力,其地下迳流滞后于降雨至少3d ,调蓄系数确实可以用来定量评价表层岩溶带的调蓄能力。     

鄂西南岩溶地区表层岩溶带发育强度变化规律研究

鄂西南岩溶地区表层岩溶个体形态复杂多样,表层岩溶带发育与鄂西南地区岩溶地质环境条件及岩溶发育演变的历史过程密切相关.因此,通过野外地质调查与收集"沪蓉西"高速公路勘察资料.采用系统工程地质分析为主的方法,研究了表层岩溶带在不同的地质构造部位、地层岩性、地形地貌部位及深部岩溶水补径排区的发育强度及其变化规律.详细论述了表层岩溶带的空间发育强度.首次定量界定了该区表层岩溶带的最大发育深度为56.54m,最浅为4.5m,阐明了表层岩溶带从山顶、山脊到山脚、沟谷由弱到强的总体变化规律.      

我国南方表层岩溶带及其对岩溶水的调蓄功能

表层岩溶带是地表强烈岩溶化过程的产物,为表层碳酸盐岩各种岩溶个体形态和微形态组合构成的不规则带状的岩溶带,在我国南方岩溶区广泛分布。表层岩溶带对岩溶水的调蓄表现在两个方面: 一是增加入渗补给量;二是延缓降雨后雨水在岩溶水系统停留的时间,并形成了表层岩溶泉。表层岩溶带对岩溶水的调蓄功能大小主要与表层岩溶带的结构、岩层产状、地表覆盖情况和降雨性质有关。石漠化环境与森林环境的表层岩溶带对岩溶水的调蓄功能差异很大。石漠化地区,表层岩溶带泉的出流时间短,动态非常不稳定;表层岩溶带对岩溶管道泉调蓄能力弱,泉水动态与降雨动态一致。森林环境表层岩溶泉则多为常流泉,水文动态比较稳定。表层岩溶带形成的表层岩溶泉为开采深部岩溶水困难的峰丛山区的居民饮水提供了重要的水源,但只有恢复了岩溶石山区森林生态,才能实现表层岩溶泉应有的供水功能。      

广西果化龙何地区表层带岩溶水系统及其水资源特征

从区域岩溶水系统分析入手,详细论述了龙何地区表层带岩溶水系统的结构特征及水循环过程,并按水动力条件将区内表层带岩溶水系统划分为若干个汇流状或散流状表层带岩溶水子系统。在此基础上,通过表层岩溶泉长观数据的统计分析得出本区表层带岩溶水天然资源量为31. 9× 104m3 /a,约占本区年降水总量的9. 5%。在表层带岩溶水天然资源量中,表层岩溶泉的可开采资源量为5. 9×104m3 /a ,可有效利用资源量为7 732. 4m3 /a。      

轮南奥陶系潜山表层岩溶储层的分布特征

轮南古潜山位于塔里木盆地塔北隆起轮南低凸起中部地区,主要岩溶层位是奥陶系鹰山组与一间房组,轮南古潜山的形成条件和表生岩溶作用时间与中国南方的桂林岩溶存在极其相似之处。本文通过研究轮南地区古风化壳表层岩溶带发育分布特征及其形成影响因素,认为:表层岩溶带主要分布于距古风化面以下0～40m范围内,此带范围内岩溶缝洞系统相对比较发育,岩溶缝洞系统具有一定连通性,属岩溶储层较为发育的部位,岩溶储层有效储集空间主要是溶蚀孔洞、小规模溶洞和溶蚀裂缝;表层岩溶带发育与古岩溶地貌及古水动力条件具有密切关系,岩溶地貌类型或水动力条件不同,表层岩溶带发育厚度、岩溶形态与岩溶缝洞系统发育规模、岩溶缝洞系统充填特征也不同。      

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of