对一产铀花岗岩体裂隙粒间铀的动态浸出试验

国内外大量脉状铀矿床以及许多沉积型铀矿床往往与含铀量较高的花岗岩体有密切的空间和成因联系。这些花岗岩的铀浸出率也高,而且有随铀含量增高而增高的总趋势。但是,铀的浸出率的高低和铀在花岗岩中的存在形式和配分情况是怎样联系的呢?我们知道,铀在花岗岩中的存在形式大致有以下几种:1.呈单矿物形式:铀组成独立的铀矿物或铀钍矿物(晶质铀矿、铀钍矿、方钍石等)。     

开鲁盆地钱家店铀矿床铀的赋存状态及成因探讨

采用电子探针、能谱及背散射分析、扫描电镜、微区X射线荧光等实验方法,详细研究了钱家店铀矿床铀的赋存形式、含铀矿物类型,并对铀矿物相关的矿物组合类型及成因进行探讨。结果表明:(1)钱家店铀矿区铀的赋存形式包括铀矿物、吸附态铀以及含铀矿物三大类。其中,铀矿物类型主要为沥青铀矿,铀石次之,仅在局部可见含钛铀矿物等;吸附铀主要为高岭石吸附和有机质吸附。铀矿物常与黄铁矿、铁白云石、高岭石等密切共生,多呈胶状发育在黄铁矿、铁白云石边缘及裂隙内,也有呈粒状、球粒状独立分布,少数分布在碎屑颗粒内部。(2)研究区至少存在两期铀成矿相关流体:一期中性-弱碱性含铀流体形成的铀矿物围绕黄铁矿边缘发育,形成环边、似环边状,同时形成铁白云石为主的碳酸盐围绕黄铁矿外围发育;另一期含铀流体形成的铀矿物呈脉状充填在黄铁矿内部,无碳酸盐形成。(3)铀矿物(特别是铀石)中含有丰富的磷元素,扫描电镜也发现部分样品中存在富磷元素的微球粒状的铀石集合体,初步认为这是低温流体下微生物参与铀成矿作用的有力证据。     

安徽庐江砖桥科学深钻内的铀钍赋存状态研究

2012年深部探测项目SinoProbe-03-06在安徽省庐江县砖桥地区实施了2012 m科学深钻,在钻孔深部正长岩中发现铀钍异常,局部已达工业边界品位。系统的岩芯观测、显微镜下研究以及电子探针分析揭示,铀钍的赋存状态主要有2种：一种呈铀钍的独立矿物如铀钛矿、铀钍石、晶质铀矿形式存在;另一种以类质同象形式赋存于锆石、磷灰石、金红石等副矿物中。独立铀钍矿物主要呈2种形式产出：一种呈自形赋存于钠长石中,常与锆石在空间上伴生;另一种主要呈微细颗粒散布于金红石、磷灰石、硬石膏等热液蚀变矿物中。与铀钍矿化相关的蚀变主要有钠长石化、电气石化、硬石膏化等高温热液蚀变。砖桥深钻距庐枞盆地南缘铀矿床（点）不远,且均与正长岩有关,虽然两者的铀钍矿化、铀钍比值、赋存状态、蚀变矿化等一系列特征均存在差异,但两者之间可能存在成因联系,科学深钻所揭示出的铀钍矿化可能代表了铀钍在盆地深部岩体中的高温成矿样式。     

变质岩中铀的存在形式

在变质改造过程中原始沉积岩和火山岩层中的铀的活动规律,首先由它在岩石中的存在形式所决定。根据结晶化学性质,铀属于这样一类元素:以类质同像形式进入常见矿物晶格中的数量极为有限,在变质岩中形成独立矿物的铀数量一般也是很低的,吸附于矿物的缺陷、表面和微裂隙中与矿物晶体结构无联系的原子、分子分散状态是它的主要存在形式,仅有一小部份呈类质同像形式聚集在副矿物中。这类元素(其中也包括铀)是最活动的。在变     

铀-煤共生矿的成因及矿石加工类型划分的探讨

铀-煤共生矿是在一定的地球化学环境中和地质条件下形成的。起初人们在褐煤层中发现铀矿化现象时,以为铀是被形成褐煤的原始植物吸收而进入煤层的。霍弗曼(Ho(?) fmann)曾为此调查过含铀地区和不含铀地区植物中的铀含量,结果表明,从不含铀地区收集的植物标本,其灰中铀含量非常低,即使生长在铀矿化土壤中的植物,其灰中的铀含量也只达到1ppm,个别情况下达到100ppm,可见植物吸收的铀量是很少的,褐煤中的铀不是来源于形成煤的植物,而是外来组分,铀-煤共生矿的形成是属于次生过程。     

贵州兴义地区大际山铀多金属矿床成因:矿石特征与铀赋存状态

大际山铀多金属矿床是黔西南地区鲜有的碳硅泥岩型铀矿床,有关该矿床的矿化特征和成因研究涉及甚少.本文利用α径迹蚀刻、光学显微镜、激光拉曼光谱、扫描电镜和电子探针等多种方法,对大际山铀多金属矿床的矿石组构特征和铀的赋存状态进行了细致研究.结果表明,铀多金属矿石主要呈角砾状、浸染状和细脉状构造,矿石中以发育大量黄铁矿、白铁矿、硫钼矿和有机质为特征,还可见少量方铅矿和闪锌矿.铀主要以"不可见铀"和显微状沥青铀矿等形式存在,其中,沥青铀矿颗粒细小,多以星点状、粒状分布在金属硫化物颗粒内部或呈不规则团块状、絮状赋存在不同矿物颗粒的边缘或间隙部位,另有少量不规则细脉状、网脉状沥青铀矿充填于碳酸盐岩角砾的裂隙中.结合野外矿体严格受构造控制、围岩蚀变强烈和赋矿围岩中铀含量较低等基本地质特征,推测大际山铀多金属矿床应属于低温热液型铀矿床类型.     

江西相山沙洲矿床铀的存在形式和迁移特征探讨来自诱发裂变径迹的证据

相山沙洲铀矿床产于斑状黑云母二长花岗岩中。本文采用诱发裂变径迹方法,对矿区花岗质围岩及其蚀变岩石中铀 的存在形式和分布状态进行了研究,共区分出围岩中铀的五种存在形式,即副矿物中的类质同像铀、显微或超显微粒状铀 矿物、造岩矿物中的吸附铀、包裹体中的铀,以及简单铀氧化物矿物,并根据来源将蚀变岩石中的铀划分为来源于花岗岩 原岩的继承铀和来源于成矿流体的叠加铀两类。经过交代蚀变作用,造岩矿物中的铀含量明显降低,大部分含铀副矿物消失。 铀被带出并进入热液流体,后主要聚集在蚀变矿物周边和沿裂隙分布,或被新生矿物吸附。交代蚀变作用改变铀的存在形式, 造成铀在岩石中的迁移和预富集,从而有利于铀的成矿作用。     

铀矿物在氧化过程中的性状

科罗拉多高原矿石中的铀矿物,铀是以六价铀和四价铀形式出现的。其中多数为六价铀矿物,四价铀矿物在高原地区已知的仅有两种:晶质铀矿(氧化物)和铀石(含氢氧基的硅酸盐)。它们在与其他矿物成分发生有意义反应之前,皆氧化为六价铀。晶体构造分析表明,六价铀无例外地都呈铀酰离子(UO_2~(2+)出现。当在没有五价钒、砷、磷离子存在的条件下,铀酰离子可以形成铀酸碳酸盐或硫酸盐的易溶络合物。而当存在有这些元素的五价阴离子时,别铀酰离子与正磷酸根,正钒酸根,正砷酸根形成不溶的层状化合物。在有利的条件下UO_2~(2+)也可形成不溶的菱釉矿〔U0_2C0_3)或含水铀酰氢氧化物,这些矿物很少在科罗拉多高原发现,相反在其他地区这些矿物则广泛发育。很明显这与高原区的半干燥气候和低的潜水面条件有关。铀也可以呈铀酰硅酸盐形成被固定下来、但在已知的矿物种类中是少见的。本文着重研究那些伴随氧化过程生成的矿物的化学和结晶构造的变化。     

深部铀矿床水文地球化学勘探中铅同位素,^234U／^238U比值与饱和指数…

本文介绍了深部铀矿床勘探中的水文地球化学方法，即应用铅同位素，铀同位素比值，铀活度比值和矿物饱和指数的方法，说细分析了它们的应用范围，找矿效果及各自的局限性，指出在铀矿勘探中不存在万能的水文地球化学方法，而最有效的方法是采用互补的和结合的技术。     

华南花岗岩中铀活化转移的地球化学证据

采用诱发裂变径迹法研究，发现华南产铀花岗岩副矿物中的铀沿微裂隙活化转移和交代蚀变矿物的自洁作用迫使载体矿物中的铀活化再分配的地球化学现象。与经过０．０５ｍＨＣ１溶液浸泡的花岗样品进行第二次诱发裂变径迹照射结果对比，确认为活化铀的存在，并具有易转移的特点。蚀变轩上岩取订及铅同位素组成研究提供了铀在热液蚀变过程中活化转移的佐证。γ能谱测量结果证实，花岗岩中的部分铀在风化作用过程中已活化转移而钍则基本存     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Late Wuchiapingian (Late Dzhulfian,early Late Permian) limestone olistolites within the Tertiary flysch of Glypia Unit (Mount Parnon,central–eastern Peloponnesus,Greece)

Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931.     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.)     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

MICROPALAEONTOLOGY

正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.)     

PETROLOGY

正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus.,     

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY

正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of