Late Quaternary vegetation changes around Lake Rutundu,Mount Kenya,East Africa: evidence from grass cuticles,pollen and stable carbon isotopes

Woody, subalpine shrubs and grasses currently surround Lake Rutundu, Mount Kenya. Multiple proxies, including carbon isotopes, pollen and grass cuticles, from a 755‐cm‐long core were used to reconstruct the vegetation over the past 38 300 calendar years. Stable carbon‐isotope ratios of total organic carbon and terrestrial biomarkers from the lake sediments imply that the proportion of terrestrial plants using the C₄ photosynthetic pathway was greater during the Late Pleistocene than in the Holocene. Pollen data show that grasses were a major constituent of the vegetation throughout the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. The proportion of grass pollen relative to the pollen from other plants was greatest at the last glacial maximum (LGM). Grass cuticles confirm evidence that C₄ grass taxa were present at the LGM and that the majority followed the cold‐tolerant NADP‐MEC₄ subpathway. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

晋县凹陷未熟蒸发岩沉积物中C22-C27甾烯和C24-C30四环萜烷的检出

晋县凹陷赵芯2井（2459m,Ezk）低熟蒸发岩样品中检出了异常分布的C22-C27甾烯和C24-C30四环萜烷（17,21-断藿烷）,但在同井更深、成熟度相对更高的沉积物中并未检出。实测镜质组反射率R^0=0．43％以及芳烃馏分中有高丰度的苯并噻吩和多烷基化的二苯并噻吩,说明热催化作用成因是不可能的,微生物参与成为最可能的生成途经。沉积抽提物未显示出常规生物降解的痕迹,因此这些化合物很可能是在早期成岩阶段特定微生物作用的结果。该区油样中检出的C21-C29甾烷的特征与同时检出的C22-C27甾烯特征一致,进一步表明微生物作用的可能性;高丰度的C24-C30四环萜烷（17,21-断藿烷）和常规藿烷、甲基藿烷相匹配,以及高丰度的C22-C27甾烯和规则甾烷缺失相匹配,特别是芳烃馏分中多取代二苯并噻吩类有机含硫化合物的检出,均表明异常分布的C22-C27甾烯与C24-C30四环萜烷类似,很可能是早期成岩阶段微生物改造作用下的产物。     

西藏昌都热底垄棺墓人骨年代的研究

通过对西藏昌都热底垄石棺墓人骨年代的研究 ,认为热底垄石棺墓的年代应不早于卡若遗址 ,不晚于香贝石棺墓 ,人骨14 C年代应该在距今 4 0 0 0～ 2 4 0 0a之间。并论述了人骨测年的方法以及在野外采样的注意事项。在定年方法上 ,提出对同一样品采用不同的测定技术进行交叉验证 ,以提高数据的可信度研究方法。     

Thermal stress assessment using carbon and oxygen isotopes from Scleractinia,Rocas Atoll,northeastern Brazil

More than 430 C and O isotope analyses were carried out on carbonates from six coral species collected during June 1995, July 1998 and February 1999 at Rocas atoll, offshore northeastern Brazil: Siderastrea stellata Verrill 1868, Porites branneri Rathbum 1887, Porites astreoides Lamarck 1816, Mussismilia hispida Verrill 1902, Madracis decactis Lyman 1859 and Montastrea cavernosa Linnaeus 1886. Samples were collected in pools within the ring of the atoll, at water depths from 1.0 to 7.0 m. Oxygen isotope chemistry demonstrated that the studied species experienced several periods of bleaching; calculated temperature for one species vary, suggesting important changes within the time scale of coral growth. The species P. branneri, P. astreoides, M. cavernosa and the Brazilian endemic species M. hispida registered temperature variations during coral growth more accurately than did S. stellata and M. decactis. Carbon isotope behaviour in coral skeletons of the species examined at this atoll seems to have maintained a close relationship between density and/or zooxanthelar productivity: the greater the algal density, the heavier the δ¹³C values in skeletons.     

甘肃巴谢剖面黄土-古土壤的光释光测年研究

光释光（OSL）测年是测定第四纪沉积物年龄的一种新技术。它通过单色光束激发使晶体中储存的电离辐射能释放出来。与热释光（TL）测年相比，OSL测年可以不考虑残留的OSL信号，而且测量具有简便、迅速且准确等优点。本文用细颗粒光释光技术对甘肃巴谢剖面的黄土-古土壤进行了测定，其测年结果与14C测年结果相吻合。这表明，光释光是一项极潜力的年代学技术。     

柴北缘大煤沟侏罗系泥质岩有机元素及碳同位素特征与古气候环境分析

柴北缘大煤沟地区侏罗系记录了西北地区古环境演化的重要信息。文章通过对大煤沟剖面进行有机地球化学分析,尝试恢复大煤沟地区侏罗系的环境演化。分析认为,H/C比与C/N比、δ ¹³Ｃ呈现良好的负相关性。早侏罗世：C/N比和δ ¹³Ｃ整体逐渐减小,H/C比逐渐变大;中侏罗世：C/N比和δ ¹³Ｃ在前期保持稳定,后期急剧负偏,而H/C比则反之;晚侏罗世：C/N比和δ ¹³Ｃ基本保持低值不变,H/C比稳定在高值区间。早—中侏罗世有机元素C/N比多大于15,表明有机质来源主要以 陆生高等植物为主。大煤沟剖面古气候表现为两个旋回,在早侏罗世小煤沟组时期古气候特征为温湿—干热,自中侏罗世晚期古气候开始从温湿向干热演化。     

新疆北部准噶尔-东天山地区金矿床的硫铅碳同位素地球化学及对金成矿作用的指示

以位于西准噶尔的阔尔真阔腊、布尔克斯岱、哈图、包古图金矿；东准噶尔的科克萨依、野马泉金矿；东天山的康古尔，石英滩，红石金矿为研究重点，着重探讨了S、Pb、C同位素在本区特定构造地质条件下对金成矿作用的示踪。结果表明。主成矿期矿化剂元素硫来源于深部，有少量地壳物质混染，金属元素铅主要来源于地幔及下地壳，少量浅部铅混染。反映了本区金的来源以深源为主的特征，各类金矿矿化剂元素碳为无机碳与有机碳不同程度的混合，表明地层有机质不同程度地参与了金的运移与卸载成矿，这是本区金成矿的重要特色。本区年轻的基底、深大断裂、火山活动及地层中有机质的参与等地质条件成就了本区不同类型金矿床的成矿。     

Diamonds and their mineral inclusions from the A154 South pipe, Diavik Diamond Mine, Northwest territories, Canada

Mineral inclusions recovered from 100 diamonds from the A154 South kimberlite (Diavik Diamond Mines, Central Slave Craton, Canada) indicate largely peridotitic diamond sources (83%), with a minor (12%) eclogitic component. Inclusions of ferropericlase (4%) and diamond in diamond (1%) represent “undetermined” parageneses.

Compared to inclusions in diamonds from the Kaapvaal Craton, overall higher CaO contents (2.6 to 6.0 wt.%) of harzburgitic garnets and lower Mg-numbers (90.6 to 93.6) of olivines indicate diamond formation in a chemically less depleted environment. Peridotitic diamonds at A154 South formed in an exceptionally Zn-rich environment, with olivine inclusions containing more than twice the value (of  52 ppm) established for normal mantle olivine. Harzburgitic garnet inclusions generally have sinusoidal rare earth element (REE_N) patterns, enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE. A single analyzed lherzolitic garnet is re-enriched in middle to heavy REE resulting in a “normal” REE_N pattern. Two of the harzburgitic garnets have “transitional” REE_N patterns, broadly similar to that of the lherzolitic garnet. Eclogitic garnet inclusions have normal REE_N patterns similar to eclogitic garnets worldwide but at lower REE concentrations.

Carbon isotopic values (δ¹³C) range from − 10.5‰ to + 0.7‰, with 94% of diamonds falling between − 6.3‰ and − 4.0‰. Nitrogen concentrations range from below detection (< 10 ppm) to 3800 ppm and aggregation states cover the entire spectrum from poorly aggregated (Type IaA) to fully aggregated (Type IaB). Diamonds without evidence of previous plastic deformation (which may have accelerated nitrogen aggregation) typically have < 25% of their nitrogen in the fully aggregated B-centres. Assuming diamond formation beneath the Central Slave to have occurred in the Archean [Westerlund, K.J., Shirey, S.B., Richardson, S.H., Gurney, J.J., Harris, J.W., 2003b. Re–Os systematics of diamond inclusion sulfides from the Panda kimberlite, Slave craton. VIIIth International Kimberlite Conference, Victoria, Canada, Extended Abstracts, 5p.], such low aggregation states indicate mantle residence at fairly low temperatures (< 1100 °C). Geothermometry based on non-touching inclusion pairs, however, indicates diamond formation at temperatures around 1200 °C. To reconcile inclusion and nitrogen based temperature estimates, cooling by about 100–200 °C shortly after diamond formation is required.     

黔西北天桥铅锌矿床热液方解石C、O同位素和REE地球化学

利用连续流动质谱和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)对黔西北天桥铅锌矿床原生矿石中脉石矿物热液方解石C、O同位素组成和稀土元素含量进行了分析,结果表明热液方解石C、O同位素组成相对均一,不同标高方解石C、O同位素组成不具明显差别,其δ13CPDB和δ18OSMOW分别为-3.4‰～-5.3‰和14.7‰～19.5‰,在δ13CPDB-δ18OSMOW图上介于原始碳酸岩与海相碳酸盐岩之间。热液方解石总稀土元素含量较低(ΣREE=6.80×10-6～49.1×10-6),表现为轻稀土富集、Eu负异常的"M"型,其Eu/Eu*变化范围为0.30～0.55,与硫化物具有相似的稀土配分模式。根据热液方解石与蚀变围岩、远矿围岩及不同时代地层碳酸盐岩的C、O同位素组成和REE含量特征对比结果,结合前人研究成果,认为该矿床成矿流体具"多来源混合"特征,其中围岩碳酸盐岩为成矿流体提供了主要的C和REE来源,地层中膏岩海相硫酸盐岩为成矿流体提供了主要的S来源,而成矿流体中的水则主要为变质基底昆阳群等提供的变质水,并受到大气降水的影响。     

Fluid-rock history of granulite facies humite-marbles from Ambasamudram, southern India.

An extensive humite‐bearing marble horizon within a supracrustal sequence at Ambasamudram, southern India, was studied using petrological and stable isotopic techniques to define its metamorphic history and fluid characteristics. At peak metamorphic temperatures of 775±73°C, based on calcite‐graphite carbon isotope thermometry, the mineral assemblages suggest layer‐by‐layer control of fluid compositions. Clinohumite + calcite‐bearing assemblages suggest X_CO2 < 0.4 (at 700°C and 5 kbar), calcite + forsterite + K‐feldspar‐bearing assemblages suggest X_CO2>0.9 (at 790°C); and local wollastonite + scapolite + grossular‐bearing zones formed at X_CO2 of c. 0.3. Retrograde reaction textures such as scapolite + quartz symplectites after feldspar and calcite and replacement of dolomite + diopside or tremolite+dolomite after calcite+forsterite or calcite+clinohumite are indicative of retrogression under high X_CO2 conditions. Calcite preserves late Proterozoic carbon and oxygen isotopic signatures and the marble lacks evidence for extensive retrograde fluid infiltration, while during prograde metamorphism the possible infiltration of aqueous fluids did not produce significant isotopic resetting. Isotopic zonation of calcite and graphite grains was likely produced by localized CO₂ fluid infiltration during retrogression. Contrary to the widespread occurrence of humite‐marbles related to retrograde aqueous fluid infiltration, the Ambasamudram humite‐marbles record a prograde‐to‐peak metamorphic humite formation and retrogression under conditions of low X_H2O.     

The influence of volcanism on paleoclimate in the northeast of China： Insights from Jinchuan peat, Jilin Province, China

Just like contemporary sediments, peat itself is a good repository of information about climate change, the effects of volcanic activity on climate change have been truly recorded in peat, since it is a major archive of volcanic eruption incidents. A section of sand was identified as tephra from the Jinchuan peat, Jilin Province, China, for the grains look like slag with surface bubbles and pits, characterized by high porosity, and loose structure with irregular edges and corners. According to the peat characteristics of uniform deposition, the tephra was dated at 2002–1976 a B.P. by way of linear interpolation, so the time of volcanic eruption was 15 B.C.–26 A.D. (the calibrated age). While the geochemical characteristics of tephra in this study are quite the same as those of tephra from the Jinlongdingzi volcano at Longgang and from alkaline basaltic magma, with the contents of SiO₂<55%, and the similar contents to Al₂O₃ and Fe, but the contents of Na₂O>K₂O. We speculated that the tephra in this study came from the Longgang volcano group. Compared with 11 recorded volcanic eruption events as shown on the carbon and oxygen isotope curves of the Jinchuan peat cellulose, it is obviously seen that adjacent or large-scale volcanic eruptions are precisely corresponding to the minimum temperature and humidity. It seems that these volcanic eruptions indeed affected the local climate, leading to the drop of regional temperature and humidity. As a result, there was prevailing a cold and dry climate there, and all these changes can be well recorded in peat. So the comparison of volcanic eruption events with information about climate change developed from peat, can provide strong evidence for the impact of volcanism on climate change.     

用阜新煤矸石制备阿利特一硫铝酸盐水泥的试验研究

我国大量堆存和正在排放的煤矸石，既是一种矿业排量最大的废弃物，又可以被认为是一种可利用的巨型资源。阜新煤矸石主要由石英、长石、伊利石等矿物组成，化学成分含60％～67％SiO2，13％～18％Al2O3，具有高硅低铝特征，属于目前难以利用煤矸石。本文实验采用了C3S—C4A3S—C2S—C4AF体系，利用煤矸石的Al2O3煅烧成无水硫铝酸钙而不是铝酸三钙。添加BaSO4、CaF2和铬渣，使硅酸三钙和无水硫铝酸钙能在1300-1360℃共生，制备出了阿利特-硫铝酸盐水泥。水泥熟料在1360℃，保温1小时烧成。研制的煤矸石水泥3天和28天抗压强度分别达到了34．7～36．8MPa和52．2～54．4MPa，达到了525#早强型高性能水泥指标。     

REE, Mn, Fe, Mg and C, O Isotopic Geochemistry of Calcites from Furong Tin Deposit, South China: Evidence for the Genesis of the Hydrothermal Ore-forming Fluids

The Furong tin deposit in the central Nanling region, South China, consists of three main types of mineralization ores, i.e. skarn-, altered granite- and greisen-type ores, hosted in Carboniferous and Permian strata and Mesozoic granitic intrusions. Calcite is the dominant gangue mineral intergrown with ore bodies in the orefield. We have carried out REE, Mn, Fe, and Mg geochemical and C, and O isotopic studies on calcites to constrain the source and evolution of the ore-forming fluids. The calcites from the Furong deposit exhibit middle negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*= 0.311–0.921), except for one which has an Eu/Eu* of 1.10, with the total REE content of 5.49–133 ppm. The results show that the calcites are characterized by two types of REE distribution patterns: a LREE-enriched pattern and a flat REE pattern. The LREE-enriched pattern of calcites accompanying greisen-type ore and skarn-type ore are similar to those of Qitianling granite. The REE, Mn, Fe, and Mg abundances of calcites exhibit a decreasing tendency from granite rock mass to wall rock, i.e. these abundances of calcites associated with altered granite-type and greisen-type ores are higher than those associated with skarn-type ores. The calcites from primary ores in the Furong deposit show large variation in carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions. The δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O of calcites are −0.4 to −12.7‰ and 2.8 to 16.4‰, respectively, and mainly fall within the range between mantle or magmatic carbon and marine carbonate. The calcites from greisen and altered granite ores in the Furong deposit display a negative correlation in the diagram of δ¹³C versus δ¹⁸O, probably owing to the CO₂-degassing of the ore-forming fluids. From the intrusion to wall-rock, the calcites display an increasing tendency with respect to δ¹³C values. This implies that the carbon isotopic compositions of the ore-bearing fluids have progressively changed from domination by magmatic carbon to sedimentary carbonate carbon. In combination with other geological and geochemical data, we suggest that the ore-forming fluids represent magmatic origin. We believe that the fluids exsolved from fractionation of the granitic magma, accompanying magmatism of the Qitianling granite complex, were involved in the mineralization of the Furong tin polymetallic deposit.     

内蒙古中部红格尔地区白音高老组流纹岩地球化学特征及成因

内蒙古中部红格尔地区白音高老组主要由流纹岩组成, 含少量英安岩和粗安岩。流纹岩具有高硅、铝和钾,低钙镁的特点;富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Th和U, 高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti和P强烈亏损, 具负异常;高w(Sr)/w(Y)和w(La)/w(Yb), 低w(Y)和w(Yb)。稀土元素总量较低, 轻重稀土元素分馏强烈, 具有中等的铕负异常。εNd(t)值为正值(+088~+266), tDM变化于5883~7164 Ma之间。主量、微量元素地球化学和Sr Nd Pb同位素组成显示红格尔地区白音高老组流纹岩为高钾钙碱性C型埃达克质岩, 其形成与蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋的闭合碰撞有关, 形成于早白垩世造山后加厚岩石圈跨塌阶段的板内伸展环境, 是加厚下地壳部分熔融的产物。岩浆源区部分熔融残留相为石榴子石, 在岩浆上升演化过程中经历了斜长石、钛铁矿和磷灰石的分离结晶作用。     

长江口沉积物碳氮元素地球化学特征及有机质来源分析

根据对长江口水下三角洲上部(CJ16)和口门浅滩(CJ19)柱状样的粒度、总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)和有机碳同位素(δ13C)以及长江口表层样TOC的测定,得出其粒度及碳氮元素特征,利用C/N和δ13C分析有机质来源及不同来源的贡献率。研究结果表明:(1)沉积物中有机碳含量在0.19%～1.17%之间,CJ16柱中有机碳含量比CJ19柱略高;总氮含量均比较少,且变化幅度小;C/N比值在5～17间变化;CJ16柱的δ13C值在24.70‰～22.86‰间变化,CJ19柱为24.88‰～22.37‰,且CJ19柱δ13C值在36 cm以上段较下段明显增大,推测可能与南汇边滩互花米草(C4植物)的引种有关;(2)长江口表层沉积物TOC的含量范围为0.17%～1.16%,平均值为0.52%;(3)粒度特征显示长江口主要以粉砂和粘土为主,砂含量较少,粒度与长江口TN、TOC含量有较好的相关性;(4)C/N和δ13C值的特征均显示该区有机质为陆源和海洋混合,利用C/N比值估算出来自陆源的有机碳比例在CJ16柱约为40%,而在CJ19柱中约为60%;根据δ13C值估算出CJ16柱陆源和海源两种有机质来源几乎是各占一半的比例,CJ19柱来自陆源的有机碳占总有机碳的60%,与用C/N比值法测得的结果较一致。上述结果显示长江口的不同空间位置碳氮元素分布特征不同,沉积记录受到粒度、河口区物源的影响,还受到陆源和海源不同有机质来源输入的影响。     

老挝帕奔金矿床成矿流体来源与矿床成因:稀土元素和C、O、S同位素证据

帕奔金矿床位于老挝西北部,为韧-脆性剪切带控制的方解石脉型金矿床。文章在系统的野外和镜下工作基础上,对比了方解石脉、红化蚀变岩、弱碳酸盐化蚀变灰岩、未蚀变灰岩以及方解石脉内雄黄和雌黄的稀土元素特征,结合灰岩和方解石的C、O同位素组成以及雄黄/雌黄的S同位素组成,探讨了成矿流体的性质、来源及矿床成因。载金方解石、蚀变岩和灰岩的稀土元素配分曲线总体相近,均表现出重稀土元素平坦以及Eu、Ce负异常特征;但方解石轻微亏损轻稀土元素,且具有较高的Tb/La和Sm/Nd比值。在Y/Ho-La/Ho和Tb/Ca-Tb/La图解中,灰岩→蚀变岩→方解石投点分别与重结晶趋势线和重新活化趋势线基本吻合,灰岩和方解石C、O同位素组成也表现出了基本一致的海相碳酸盐岩成因。因此,推断帕奔金矿的含金方解石脉及相关的热液蚀变是同一成矿期内同源流体体系的产物,相对形成顺序由早到晚为弱蚀变灰岩、红化蚀变岩、方解石大脉,且与赋矿灰岩存在继承性。结合矿床地质特征,认为帕奔金矿床成矿流体可能主要来源于区域动力变质作用过程中,下二叠统灰岩的脱水和脱碳酸盐化作用。雄黄和雌黄δ34S值接近0‰,且方解石脉稀土元素总量较低,表明可能混入了深部岩浆流体和大气降水。综合区域地质背景,认为帕奔金矿床成矿作用很可能发生于晚三叠世—侏罗纪的滇缅马泰地体与印支陆块碰撞导致的区域韧-脆性构造活动,并受到岩浆活动驱动。     

Crust-Mantle Interaction in Dabie Orogenic Belt, Central China： Geochemical Evidence from Late Cretaceous Basalts

It has been suggested that eclogites in the Dabie orogenic belt are exhumation prod-ucts, which had subducted into the deep-seated mantle and undergone ultra-high pressure meta-morphism during the Triassic. But no direct evidence supports this process except the calculated p-T conditions from mineral thermobarometem. The Late Cretaceous basalts studied in the pres-ent paper, however, have provided some geochemical evidence for crust-mantle interaction in the area. These basalts are distributed in Mesozoic faulted basins in central and southern Dabieorogenic belt. Since little obvious contamination from continental crust and differentiation-crys-tallization were observed, it is suggested, based on a study of trace elements, that the basaltsare alkaline and resultant from batch partial melting of the regional mantle rocks, and share thesame or similar geochemical features with respect to their magma source. In the spider diagram normalized by the primitive mantle, trace element geochemistry data show that their mantle sources are enriched in certain elements concentrated in the continental crust, such as Pb, K,Rb and Ba, and slightly depleted in some HFSE such as Hf, P and Nb. Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic com-positions further suggest the mantle is the mixture of depleted mantle (DM) and enriched one(EMI EMII). This interaction can .explain the trace element characteristics of basaltic mag-mas, i.e.,the enrichment of Pb and the depletion of Hf, P and Nb in basalts can be interpre-ted by the blending of the eclogites in DOB (enriched in Pb and depleted in Hf, P and Nd)with the East China depleted mantle (As compared to the primitive mantle, it is neither en-riched in Pb nor depleted in Hf, P and Nb). It is also indicated that the eclogites in the Dahieorogenic belt were surely derived from the exhumation materials, which had delaminated into thedeep-seated mantle. Moreover, the process subsequently resulted in compositional variation of the mantle (especially in trace elements and isotopes) , as revealed by the late mantle-derivedbasalts in the Dabie orogenic belt.     

准噶尔盆地滴南凸起含油储集岩分子与碳同位素地球化学研究

从滴南凸起10个含油储集岩样品分步提取了自由态油气组分、束缚态油气组分和油气包裹体组分,各组分进一步做色谱、色谱-质谱和正构烷烃单体碳同位素分析。根据生物标志物组成,可将10个含油储集岩样分为两类：第一类包括D2-1和D18-12个侏罗系油砂样,第二类包括其他8个采自侏罗系、二叠系和石炭系含油储集岩样。两类样品生物标志物组成差异主要有：（1）第一类样品各类油气组分三环萜烷含量明显低于第二类样品;（2）第一类样品 C20、C21和 C23三环萜烷含量比较接近,其分布模式为 C20＆lt;C21＆gt;C23,第二类样品这3个化合物含量差异较大,且分布模式为C20＆gt;C21＆gt;C23;（3）第一类样品伽马蜡烷和β-胡萝卜烷相对含量高于第二类样品;（4）第一类样品C27甾烷含量较低而C28甾烷含量较高,第二类样品则相反。可以推断第一类样品自由态组分、束缚态组分和油气包裹体均来源于二叠系烃源岩而第二类样品各类油气组分则来源于石炭系烃源岩。第一类样品油气包裹体成熟度明显高于自由态组分和束缚态组分,表明早期充注原油的成熟度高于晚期充注的原油,总体上各类油气组分成熟度位于生油高峰阶段（Ro 0.8%~1.1%）。第二类样品从自由态组分、束缚态组分至油气包裹体成熟度依次降低,表明早期充注原油的成熟度低于晚期充注的原油,总体上各类油气组分成熟度位于高-过成熟阶段（Ro〉1.25%）。第一类样品各类油气组分正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成相对较轻,第二类样品各类油气组分正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成有一定的差异,组成较轻者与第一类样品各类油气组分接近。     

广西上泥盆统F-F界线碳同位素的变化特征

发生在晚泥盆世弗拉期(Frasnian)-法门期(Famennian)之交的生物灭绝事件(简称F-F事件)是古生代以来五大生物集群灭绝事件之一,其原因仍含糊不清。碳同位素研究显示,伴随F-F事件全球碳循环发生了显著的变化。但对中国南方F-F事件地层碳同位素变化特征的认识不够,缺乏系统的研究。对广西桂林杨堤上泥盆统灰岩剖面的碳同位素的分析结果表明,在上泥盆统存在两次碳同位素正偏移,分别出现在下rhenana带和F-F的界线,其中,出现在F-F界线的碳同位素正偏移与广西垌村以及欧美和非洲等地的上泥盆统F-F界线附近的碳同位素记录一致,且具有相近的变化幅度。进一步对广西桂林附近的杨堤和垌村剖面F-F界线的碳同位素组成变化模式的分析发现,这次正偏移可能是由多次次级变化组成,与F-F事件中生物的灭绝步骤相似。