非对称自复位SMA连接的力学性能研究

提出了一种用于梁柱节点中的非对称自复位形状记忆合金(shape memory alloy, SMA)连接,可有效提高相应钢框架结构的抗震性能和震后功能恢复能力。设计8个考虑SMA面积、SMA预应变、滑移螺杆预拉力的非对称自复位SMA连接,并进行低周循环加载试验研究,得到相应滞回曲线、骨架曲线、割线刚度、耗能能力和复位性能等。研究结果表明：新型连接具有良好的自复位能力和耗能能力,滞回曲线呈明显的旗帜型,最大自复位率达到87.2%,且整个加载过程无任何构件发生损伤。增大SMA面积、SMA预应变可提高连接的承载力、耗能能力和自复位能力,并减小其残余变形;螺杆预拉力取30 N·m时新型连接的性能最佳。基于Umat子程序编制SMA本构模型并用于ABAQUS软件中,可较准确地模拟其力学性能,为相应连接的有限元参数化分析提供理论基础。     

低周往复荷载作用下自复位钢框架抗震性能研究

建立了1榀2跨3层以角钢为耗能元件的自复位钢框架结构有限元分析模型,详细介绍了模型的模拟与分析方法。钢绞线的预应力采用等效降温法施加,通过钢绞线提供的回复力可使结构在震后具有自复位能力。在加载过程中,为确保结构的自复位能力,预应力钢绞线要保持弹性。对结构模型施加由位移控制的往复荷载,并通过改变结构的初始预应力值及钢绞线的数量分析参数的改变对结构自复位性能及耗能能力的影响。分析结果表明:与传统钢框架相比,自复位钢框架的震后残余位移明显减小;在4%的层间位移角下,自复位钢框架梁柱及钢绞线均保持弹性状态,结构通过角钢的塑性耗散能量,震后框架具有自复位能力。     

碟形弹簧自复位梁柱钢节点受力性能分析

针对自复位节点钢绞线预应力损失的问题,提出了一种新型碟形弹簧自复位梁柱钢节点。介绍了该节点的构造,对该节点的力学性能进行了理论分析。采用ABAQUS建立了碟形弹簧自复位梁柱钢节点的有限元模型,根据理论分析的计算结果验证了有限元分析的准确性。分析了弹簧预压力、摩擦系数、弹簧刚度和腹板摩擦装置的螺栓预紧力对该节点受力性能的影响。结果表明:碟形弹簧自复位梁柱钢节点在低周循环荷载作用下的滞回曲线为旗帜形,具有较好的复位能力和耗能能力。弹簧预压力、摩擦系数和腹板摩擦装置的螺栓预紧力对节点开口弯矩、耗能能力和复位能力的影响较大;弹簧刚度对自复位节点开口后刚度、耗能能力和残余变形的影响较大。     

附加黏弹性阻尼与金属阻尼耗能的自复位墙结构抗震性能对比分析

相对传统结构,自复位墙结构在地震作用下具有更大的变形能力且几乎无残余位移,但其耗能能力较弱,需采用附加阻尼来增加整体耗能.目前,金属阻尼器已广泛用于自复位墙结构,其可显著减小结构大震下的地震响应,但小震下的位移和加速度减震效果不佳.因此,将小变形下即可耗能的黏弹性阻尼器应用于自复位墙结构中.设计一幢10层自复位墙结构,分别采用黏弹性阻尼器和 U 型金属阻尼器作为附加耗能构件,通过弹塑性时程分析对比采用两种耗能机制的结构地震响应.结果表明,黏弹性阻尼器可显著减小自复位墙结构在小震下的位移和加速度响应;U 型金属阻尼器在中震下开始耗能,在大震和巨震下,其减震效果会超越黏弹性阻尼器.因此,为进一步优化自复位墙结构在不同水准地震作用下的抗震性能,建议结合阻尼器的特点进行合理设计.     

钢筋混凝土圆截面桥墩抗震加固方式对比分析

为研究不同加固方式对钢筋混凝土(RC)圆截面桥墩抗震性能的影响,利用OpenSees有限元软件建立了普通RC桥墩以及分别采用钢套管、碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)、体外预应力筋进行加固的桥墩数值分析模型,对模型输入远断层地震动,进行增量动力分析。以墩顶峰值位移角与震后残余位移角为指标,对比分析了桥墩加固前后的地震响应。结果表明:采用钢套管、体外预应力筋和CFRP加固后,RC桥墩的峰值位移与震后残余位移均减小,钢套管加固方式对桥墩峰值位移的降低幅度最大,体外预应力筋加固方式对抑制桥墩震后残余位移的效果最好;随着剪跨比的增大,3种加固方式对桥墩在地震动作用下位移响应的抑制作用均逐步减小;随着轴压比的增大,3种加固方式对RC桥墩峰值位移的抑制作用逐步降低。     

不同类型地震动作用下自复位摇摆桥梁延性需求谱研究

自复位摇摆桥梁的损伤和残余位移小,具有良好的震后可恢复性。文中以自复位摇摆桥梁为研究对象,对不同类型地震动作用下的结构的延性需求谱及其影响因素进行研究。选用FEMA P695推荐的100条典型地震动作为输入,并划分为远场地震动、近场脉冲地震动以及近场无脉冲地震动。研究结果表明,近场脉冲地震动作用下的结构的延性需求最大,设计时需考虑近场脉冲地震动的影响;随着强度折减系数R的增大,结构的延性需求显著增加,设计时不宜采用较高的强度折减系数;增加刚度比α和耗能系数β能在一定周期范围内减小结构的延性需求;阻尼比ξ在0.01～0.05范围内对延性需求的影响基本可以忽略。     

铅芯支座力学参数对梁桥地震响应的影响

应用减隔震支座进行连续梁桥的抗震设计时,可通过支座参数的合理选择实现结构的抗震性能优化。针对一工程实例,进行系统的有限元仿真分析,研究铅芯橡胶支座设计参数优化问题。数值计算结果表明,铅芯橡胶支座的屈服强度对结构的内力和位移响应有较大影响;结构的内力和位移响应的降低与支座耗能率相关,其最大响应值随耗能率的增大而有不同程度的减小。建议根据支座耗能率进行隔震梁桥的支座参数优化,实现内力和位移响应量的同时降低。     

单自由度体系残余位移分析及损伤评价

结构经历地震后的残余位移可作为结构震后可修复能力的重要指标,研究结构的残余位移对于地震灾区震损结构性能的评价具有重要意义。本文以双线型单自由度体系为计算模型,选取了中国规范对应的4种场地120条地震动,通过弹塑性动力时程分析,分析了场地条件、屈服后刚度比、强度折减系数和周期等参数对残余位移的影响。分析结果表明,场地条件、屈服后刚度比和周期是影响残余位移的主要因素,强度折减系数对残余位移的影响不大。相关性分析表明,结构的残余位移与最大位移、滞回耗能之间存在较好的线性关系。以Park-Ang损伤模型为基础,提出了震后单自由度体系基于残余位移的损伤评价方法。     

自复位高墩振动台模型试验

为探讨自复位桥墩的地震反应,以某简支梁桥为工程背景,设计并制作了一个缩尺的模型桥梁。通过白噪声扫频获得了自复位桥墩的动力特性及其变化规律,选取El-Centro、Mexico和Chi-Chi强震记录作为地震动输入,进行振动台模型试验。试验记录了墩顶的加速度和位移反应,考查了地震动强度、频谱特性及预应力钢筋及其初始预加力对模型桥墩动力特性及摇摆反应的影响。试验结果表明:墩顶水平加速度反应随地震动强度及初始预加力的提高而增大,墩顶位移反应受地震动的强度、频谱特性及初始预加力大小影响较大。墩底提离面轻微损伤会明显降低体系的整体水平刚度,初始预加力则能提高体系整体水平刚度,桥墩的阻尼比随体系的水平刚度增大而减小。强震下自复位桥墩发生了预期的提离摇摆,震后墩底提离面出现轻微损伤,墩身无裂缝产生,结构具有良好的抗震及自复位性能。振动台试验结果验证已有文献的数值分析结论,振动台试验数据可用于数值模型校核或修正。     

震后混凝土缺陷加固修复构件性能实验分析

为避免震后建筑工程加固不合理导致再次受损,并为加固修复工程提供合理化建议,促进震后救灾工作顺利开展,提出震后建筑工程混凝土缺陷加固修复方法的研究。首先,对混凝土梁试件和混凝土柱试件进行设置,研究基于碳纤维布或外包钢套加固方法对混凝土梁和混凝土柱试件展开循环荷载试验;其次,通过混凝土梁试件滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性及耗能情况,分析不同加固修复方法的混凝土梁试件抗震性能;最后,通过混凝土柱试件延性及耗能、刚度退化和承载力退化情况,分析采用不同加固方法修复的混凝土柱试件抗震性能。试验结果显示：高配筋率可提升混凝土梁试件滞回特性,外包钢套加固混凝土梁试件滞回饱满程度较高、耗能较少,碳纤维布加固梁试件可将加载位移由10 mm延缓至30 mm,提升延性;碳纤维布加固可提升混凝土柱延性,外包钢套加固重度缺陷混凝土柱可以良好抑制其刚度和承载力退化。试验结果验证了碳纤维加固可提升震后建筑工程混凝土结构延性,外包钢套加固可抑制混凝土结构刚度、承载力退化。     

腹板摩擦式钢框架节点震后可更换性能的试验研究

主要针对梁腹板带有摩擦耗能螺栓的自复位钢框架节点结构进行抗震性能和可更换性能的试验研究,探讨该类节点在往复荷载作用下的滞回性能以及节点域的变形特征。在参数选型的基础上,对5组钢框架节点试件进行了低周反复荷载作用下的拟静力试验,其中:4组试件具有自复位能力,分析了各试件的承载力、刚度、耗能性能和滞回特性等性能。综合研究结果表明:所提出的拼接节点能够利用摩擦螺栓的滑移提高节点的耗能能力,有效减少梁和柱主体构件的损伤,同时预应力筋提供了结构的自复位能力。试验结果表明:在地震作用之后,通过更换腹板及摩擦螺栓可以使结构的承载能力和耗能性能与震前基本一致,从而实现结构功能的快速恢复。     

Self-centering seismic retrofit scheme for reinforced concrete frame structures: SDOF system study

This paper presents the results of a parametric study of self-centering seismic retrofit schemes for reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings. The self-centering retrofit system features flag-shaped hysteresis and minimal residual deformation. For comparison purpose,an alternate seismic retrofit scheme that uses a bilinear-hysteresis retrofit system such as buckling-restrained braces (BRB) is also considered in this paper. The parametric study was carried out in a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system framework since a multi-story building structure may be idealized as an equivalent SDOF system and investigation of the performance of this equivalent SDOF system can provide insight into the seismic response of the multi-story building. A peak-oriented hysteresis model which can consider the strength and stiffness degradation is used to describe the hysteretic behavior of RC structures. The parametric study involves two key parameters -the strength ratio and elastic stiffness ratio between the seismic retrofit system and the original RC frame. An ensemble of 172 earthquake ground motion records scaled to the design basis earthquake in California with a probability of exceedance of 10% in 50 years was constructed for the simulation-based parametric study. The effectiveness of the two seismic retrofit schemes considered in this study is evaluated in terms of peak displacement ratio,peak acceleration ratio,energy dissipation demand ratio and residual displacement ratio between the SDOF systems with and without retrofit. It is found from this parametric study that RC structures retrofitted with the self-centering retrofit scheme (SCRS) can achieve a seismic performance level comparable to the bilinear-hysteresis retrofit scheme (BHRS) in terms of peak displacement and energy dissipation demand ratio while having negligible residual displacement after earthquake.     

钢筋砼摩擦耗能支撑框架结构的单元刚度和力学模型分析

为研究钢筋砼摩擦耗能支撑框架结构的动力反应性能 ,对其中的摩擦耗能器单元和框架杆单元的单元刚度和力学模型做了分析。钢筋砼摩擦耗能支撑单元由支撑杆单元和钢板—橡胶摩擦耗能器单元组成 ,支撑单元可取空间杆单元 ,摩擦耗能器单元为平面应力矩形单元。摩擦耗能器单元的剪切恢复力曲线为理想的弹塑性曲线 ,根据耗能器单元的力学模型 ,可确定其在每一时刻的刚度 ;框架结构空间杆单元的恢复力模型采用双线型模型 ,根据杆单元的力学模型 ,可确定其在每一时刻的刚度。并利用所编制的程序对十层单榀两跨空间普通框架和摩擦耗能支撑框架在地震作用下进行了弹塑性反应时程分析 ,结果表明耗能支撑框架的顶层最大位移明显小于普通框架     

自复位中心支撑钢框架结构抗震性能分析

为了研究自复位中心支撑钢框架（SC-CBF）结构的抗震性能,对一四层SC-CBF结构进行了静力弹塑性分析、低周往复加载分析和动力弹塑性时程分析,并与中心支撑钢框架（CBF）结构进行对比,探究了不同GAP单元刚度和预应力筋截面积对SC-CBF结构自复位性能及抗震性能的影响规律。结果表明:与传统CBF结构相比,SC-CBF结构的抗侧能力强,地震作用下基底剪力小,卸载后的残余变形较小,具有良好的延性性能;在极罕遇地震作用下SC-CBF结构的位移响应大,耗散的能量多,层间位移角大而残余位移小,表现出良好的自复位性能和抗震性能;GAP单元刚度对预应力筋的受力性能影响较为明显,对结构的整体受力性能和延性性能影响较小,但结构的整体受力性能和延性性能受预应力筋截面积影响显著。     

配置自复位耗能跨低多层钢框架体系的能量系数

利用超弹性SMA螺栓梁柱节点的耗能能力和自复位特性,将其引入到耗能跨而构建"自复位耗能跨",基于既有的节点试验研究结果对结构体系的滞回性能进行了探讨。在此基础上,以具有旗形滞回特征的单自由度体系为工具,对配置自复位耗能跨低多层钢框架体系的能量系数进行推导。能量系数可以合理量化具有旗形滞回规则结构的峰值响应需求,能量系数越低,表明地震动下结构的峰值响应越低。为了阐明滞回参数对能量系数的影响,对具有不同滞回参数组合可代表低多层结构的等效SDOF体系进行了非线性动力分析,参数组合包括周期、屈服后刚度比、延性系数及能量比。同时对能量系数的离散性也进行了分析。结果表明:能量系数及能量系数的离散性受结构周期、屈服后刚度比及延性系数影响较大,受能量比的影响较小。     

Shake-table testing of a self-centering precast reinforced concrete frame with shear walls

The seismic performance of a self-centering precast reinforced concrete (RC) frame with shear walls was investigated in this paper. The lateral force resistance was provided by self-centering precast RC shear walls (SPCW), which utilize a combination of unbonded prestressed post-tensioned (PT) tendons and mild steel reinforcing bars for flexural resistance across base joints. The structures concentrated deformations at the bottom joints and the unbonded PT tendons provided the self-centering restoring force. A 1/3-scale model of a five-story self-centering RC frame with shear walls was designed and tested on a shake-table under a series of bi-directional earthquake excitations with increasing intensity. The acceleration response, roof displacement, inter-story drifts, residual drifts, shear force ratios, hysteresis curves, and local behaviour of the test specimen were analysed and evaluated. The results demonstrated that seismic performance of the test specimen was satisfactory in the plane of the shear wall; however, the structure sustained inter-story drift levels up to 2.45%. Negligible residual drifts were recorded after all applied earthquake excitations. Based on the shake-table test results, it is feasible to apply and popularize a self-centering precast RC frame with shear walls as a structural system in seismic regions.     

Performance evaluation of retrofitting strategies for non-seismically designed RC buildings using steel braces

Recent major earthquakes around the world have evidenced that research in earthquake engineering must be directed to the vulnerability assessment of existing constructions lacking appropriate seismic resisting characteristics. Their retrofit or replacement should be made in order to reduce vulnerability, and consequent risk, to currently accepted levels. In this work, the efficiency of ductile steel eccentrically-braced systems in the seismic retrofitting of existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings is studied. The retrofit technique studied consists in a bracing system with an energy dissipation device, designed to dissipate energy by shear deformation. The numerical model was calibrated with cyclic test results on a full-scale structure. The models used for the RC frame and masonry represent their real behavior and influence in the global structural response. The steel bracing system was modeled with strut rigid elements. The model for the energy dissipater device reproduces rigorously the behavior of the shear-link observed in the cyclic tests, namely in terms of shear, drift and energy dissipation. With the calibrated numerical model, a series of non-linear dynamic analyses were performed, for different earthquake input motions, intending to study: the influence of the retrofitting system in the response of bare and infilled structures; the influence of the location and strength of the retrofitting system.     

Experimental and numerical studies on buckling restrained braces with posttensioned carbon fiber composite cables

There has been an increasing interest in using residual deformation as a seismic performance indicator for earthquake resistant building design. Self-centering braced structural systems are viable candidates for minimizing residual deformations following a major earthquake. Hence, this study proposes an alternative type of buckling restrained brace (BRB) with externally attached posttensioned (PT-BRB) carbon fiber composite cables (CFCCs). The steel core of the brace is used as an energy dissipator, whereas the CFCCs provide the self-centering force for minimizing residual story drifts. Three proof-of-concept specimens are designed, fabricated, and cyclically tested at different posttensioning force levels. The CFCC behavior to obtain cyclic response, including the anchorage system, is examined closely. A parametric study is also conducted to show the effect of the different configurations of PT-BRBs on the inelastic response. Furthermore, optimal brace parameters are discussed to realize design recommendations. The results indicated that the implementation of partially self-centering BRBs in building frames can lead to the target residual displacements. A stable behavior is obtained for the proposed PT-BRBs when subjected to the loading protocol specified in the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) 2016 Seismic Provisions.     

高强钢筋高延性纤维增强混凝土框架结构的屈服机制和抗震性能

为了对混凝土框架结构的地震破坏机制和抗震性能进行控制,在框架柱中配置高强钢筋,并将纤维增强混凝土(FRC)用于框架结构的预期损伤部位。结构柱中的高强钢筋用来减小结构的残余变形,FRC材料用来增加结构的耗能能力和损伤容限。设计了三个框架,采用动力弹塑性时程分析方法进行分析。研究结果表明,采用高强钢筋提高了结构的整体承载能力,在层间侧移角达到3%之前避免了柱铰的出现(包括底层柱底),并且减小了结构的残余变形;预期损伤部位采用FRC材料能够提高结构的塑性耗能。