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1.
传统构造地质学用摩尔-库伦准则和贝克尔的应变椭球体理念分别解释地壳中的脆性断层和塑性变形,将变形局部化的韧性剪切带形成解释为平行应变椭球体的圆切面,却无法解释变形局部化的共轭剪切带稳定夹角~110°面对应缩短方向。变形局部化是独立于脆性和塑性变形外的变形领域,受最大有效力矩准则控制。20世纪末提出的变位形分解理念,摆脱连续介质力学的束缚,合理地说明广泛存在的走滑断层平行俯冲带或逆冲断层带。非均匀变形和非连续介质力学理念的建立,为地质学与力学的结合开辟了新的前景。文章试用上述两理念概略分析中国和邻区中新生代构造格局,以期引发讨论。  相似文献   

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The metamorphic rocks forming the area are divided into four groups separated by easterly dipping shear zones. The two western groups are orthogneisses and the eastern two are metasediments. The structures indicate movements from east to west with the most westerly group of gneisses having been a stable block during the movements. The metamorphic and structural events in the area are considered to be part of the Caledonian Orogeny. A Devonian granophyre is intruded into the metamorphic rocks. Small areas of Devonian type sediments occur overlying the metamorphic rocks.  相似文献   

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Geological structures such as folds, faults, and discontinuities play a critical role in the stability and behaviour of both natural and engineered rock slopes. Although engineering geologists have long recognised the importance of structural geology in slopes, it remains a significant challenge to integrate structural geological mapping and theory into all stages of engineering projects. We emphasise the importance of structural geology to slope stability assessments, reviewing how structures control slope failure mechanisms, how engineering geologists measure structures and include them in slope stability analyses, and how numerical simulations of slopes incorporate geological structures and processes.  相似文献   

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三电位电极系中装置的探测精度和数据处理方法的研究一直是地球物理工作者研究的一个热点,同时也存在很大的争议.利用正演模拟结果讨论了岩溶地区几种可能存在的地质条件下三种装置的探测精度,发现β装置和γ装置的探测效果明显优于α装置;然后利用正演计算得到的数据合成比值参数(T),对合成数据T进行最小二乘反演,发现T值反演结果和视电阻率反演结果一致,并在噪声影响较大的区域,T值反演结果优于T值等值线图,可作为判断异常体特征的一个依据,也可验证视电阻率的反演结果,弥补由于噪声对某种单一装置探测效果的影响.以义马某地的水文地质勘察为例,T值最小二乘反演结果表明,在含水低阻区域T值也呈现小值异常,且显示的异常体边界准确,结构特征明显.利用T值反演对数据处理具有重要的意义,应予以重视.  相似文献   

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徐家围子断陷构造地质特征研究新进展   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:13  
在徐家围子断陷深层连片三维地震精细解释的基础上,结合前人的研究成果,系统的刻画了深大断裂的性质、产状和时空分布规律。从区域构造应力场着手,详细剖析了徐家围子断陷的构造地质特征,重新构建了深大断裂体系。依据剖面特征和断陷的地质结构,首次在徐家围子断陷内解释出两条深大走滑断裂带,发现深大走滑断裂控制了营城组火山岩的形成和分布。明确了徐家围子断陷"两凹夹一隆、东西分带、南北分块"构造格局的动态演化过程及其控制因素。详细剖析了断陷期地层的沉积发育过程、后期改造过程以及现今赋存特征。为庆深气田火山岩储层分布规律预测奠定了基础。  相似文献   

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王佳新    聂凤军  张雪旎   《地质通报》2015,34(06):1239-1254
基于矿床“棋盘式”分类方法,对金矿床类型进行了划分。“棋盘式”矿床分类是指,将金矿床分为岩浆型金矿床、与构造有关的金矿床、沉积型金矿床及变质型金矿床四大类,每大类又可分为若干小类。通过该方法在金矿床分类中的应用及相关典型金矿床的介绍,弥补和补充原有分类方案的不足,完善对金矿床的认识,为找矿和勘探提供帮助。  相似文献   

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王佳新  聂凤军  张雪旎 《地质通报》2015,34(6):1239-1254
基于矿床"棋盘式"分类方法,对金矿床类型进行了划分。"棋盘式"矿床分类是指,将金矿床分为岩浆型金矿床、与构造有关的金矿床、沉积型金矿床及变质型金矿床四大类,每大类又可分为若干小类。通过该方法在金矿床分类中的应用及相关典型金矿床的介绍,弥补和补充原有分类方案的不足,完善对金矿床的认识,为找矿和勘探提供帮助。  相似文献   

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Geomancy and environmental determinism, respectively Eastern and Western concepts which accord “nature” a primary role in shaping human life, show striking similarities and differences. Both incorporate viewpoints on environmental qualities, the dichotomy of man and nature, the application of ideas and the discipline of geography. The differences between these concepts are due largely to differing perspectives on the linkages and characteristics between man and nature.  相似文献   

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《Applied Geochemistry》2006,21(9):1482-1497
Population statistics for As concentrations in rocks, sediments and ground water differ by geology and land use features in the New England region, USA. Significant sources of As in the surficial environment include both natural weathering of rocks and anthropogenic sources such as arsenical pesticides that were commonly applied to apple, blueberry and potato crops during the first half of the 20th century in the region. The variation of As in bedrock ground water wells has a strong positive correlation with geologic features at the geologic province, lithology group, and bedrock map unit levels. The variation of As in bedrock ground water wells also has a positive correlation with elevated stream sediment and rock As chemistry. Elevated As concentrations in bedrock wells do not correlate with past agricultural areas that used arsenical pesticides on crops. Stream sediments, which integrate both natural and anthropogenic sources, have a strong positive correlation of As concentrations with rock chemistry, geologic provinces and ground water chemistry, and a weaker positive correlation with past agricultural land use. Although correlation is not sufficient to demonstrate cause-and-effect, the statistics favor rock-based As as the dominant regional source of the element in stream sediments and ground water in New England. The distribution of bedrock geology features at the geologic province, lithology group and map unit level closely correlate with areas of elevated As in ground water, stream sediments, and rocks.  相似文献   

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《地学前缘》2017,(3):219-233
研究盆地深层的构造地质学,是应用现代的地球系统科学理论和地球物理学、地球化学与地质学的方法综合研究盆地深部的物质组成、地质结构及其形成演化过程,探讨资源、能源矿产分布的构造控制规律。中国的沉积盆地多为叠合盆地,叠合盆地深层的原型及其构造-古地理演化、建造与改造的动力学过程、构造演化对油气成藏条件的控制作用是我国石油构造学家研究的核心内容。经过半个多世纪的艰苦努力,我国学者在这一领域取得重要进展,建立了前陆型、坳陷型、断陷型、走滑型等叠合盆地的4种基本类型,深入研究了它们的地质结构,开展了其原型盆地恢复与构造-古地理重建,探讨了盆-山耦合关系及其对盆地深层结构的控制作用。通过对盆地深层进行多期叠加构造解析开展三维构造建模,研究了盆地深层温度场、压力场、应力场及其耦合特点。在研究思路、研究方法与技术手段上都取得重要突破,深层构造地质学逐渐完善。回顾历史,对比中外,我国盆地深层的构造学研究在基础理论与实际需求方面仍有较大差距,需要在盆地发育的构造环境、深部背景、形成演化过程以及地质结构方面进行深入探索,在活动论构造-古地理、三维构造复原、岩石流变分析与四维动态模拟方面取得实质性突破。通过大力培养创新人才、选准研究突破方向、提升技术储备与开展扎实基础工作,可望取得深层构造地质学的战略突破。  相似文献   

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The geology of Goa Group: Revisited   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The supracrustals that constitute the Goa Group of Gokul et al. (1985) can be divided into two lithostratigraphic sequences namely the Barcem Group and the Ponda Group. The former comprises predominantly greenstones (metabasalts) and rests on a basement of the 3300–3400 Ma Anmode Ghat trodhjemite gneiss with a crudely developed quartz-pebble conglomerate at the base, and shows lithological similarities with the lower part of the Bababudan Group. The younger sequence is dominated by clastics, and is assigned to a new stratigraphic group formally termed the Ponda Group which is equivalent to the Chitradurga Group of the Dharwar Supergroup. This group rests on a basement of the 2700–2900 Ma Chandranath granite gneiss with a distinct unconformity marked by a polymict, granite-clast metaconglomerate. The conglomerate displays many similarities with the Talya conglomerate that occurs at the base of the Chitradurga Group. It is overlain by a psamolitic sequence which is followed in ascending order by the chemogenic sediments that host the BIF and by the deep water turbidite sequence (argillite-graywacke association) with intercalations of mafic volcanics. The supracrustal sequence is intruded by the Bondla layered mafic-ultramafic complex along a major shear zone (NW-SE) that largely controls the course of the northwesterly flowing tributary of River Mandovi. The late intrusive, Canacona potassic granite marks the culmination of the sedimentation in the Shimoga-Goa basin.  相似文献   

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关于中国构造地质学研究中几个问题的探讨   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
万天丰 《地质通报》2008,27(9):1441-1450
中国的构造地质学现在并非处在兴旺的阶段,不仅论文发表的数量不够多,更重要的是在学术思想、研究方法、学术风气等方面存在较多的问题。拟对构造地质学研究中的几个比较重要的问题进行探讨,提出一些不同的新看法,以便抛砖引玉:①加强构造变形的基础研究;②区域大地构造的演化问题;③ 地质构造的流变学与流体的作用;④发展应用构造地质学,推进基础研究。  相似文献   

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The Gavarnie nappe is a feature of the Tertiary Pyrenean orogen and is shown to consist of at least two thrust sheets of Palaeozoic rocks which are overlain by a southward-dipping sequence of Cretaceous and Eocene sediments, showing folded thrust structures. The Gavarnie nappe covers a basement and Mesozoic cover-rock sequence which is exposed in the tectonic windows of La Larri and the Troumouse Cirque. Here, previously unrecognized thrusts involving basement were responsible for folding the overlying Gavarnie nappe. These basement-involved thrusts climb up section westwards giving a westward lowering of the Gavarnie thrust along strike. The structural evolution of the Gavarnie nappe in a region extending from Heas in France to the Valle de Pineta in Spain can be explained in terms of a piggy-back thrusting sequence. On a regional scale, thrust-tectonic models may be used to explain the double vergence of the Pyrenean chain where early southward-directed thrusting was responsible for structures in the South Pyrenean zone. A later northward-directed back thrusting event, or rotation of southward-directed thrust sheets by the stacking of lower thrust horses, can explain the steepness of structures in the axial zone and the northward-verging North Pyrenean thrust zone. Both models suggest that prior to the Pyrenean orogeny, some of the Hercynian structures in the axial zone were flatter lying, and have been rotated to their present steepness during the Pyrenean orogeny.  相似文献   

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Topology has been used to characterise and quantify the properties of complex systems in a diverse range of scientific domains. This study explores the concept and applications of topological analysis in geology. We have developed an automatic system for extracting first order 2D topological information from geological maps, and 3D topological information from models built with the Noddy kinematic modelling system, and equivalent analyses should be possible for other implicit modelling systems. A method is presented for describing the spatial and temporal topology of geological models using a set of adjacency relationships that can be expressed as a topology network, thematic adjacency matrix or hive diagram. We define three types of spatial topology (cellular, structural and lithological) that allow us to analyse different aspects of the geology, and then apply them to investigate the geology of the Hamersley Basin, Western Australia.  相似文献   

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