煤炭的资源储备和安全供应问题讨论

建立能源矿产资源储备和安全供应体系是保障我国经济运行安全和可持续性发展的必要措施，而煤炭是我国最主要的一次性能源，其资源储备和安全供应体系问题不容忽视。从我国的国情和资源条件出发，研究我国的能源的合理结构，以此为基础，讨论了实施能源资源储备和安全供应体系的一些思路，分析了煤炭资源安全供应不足问题，提出了实施煤炭安全供应体系的一些配套措施建议。     

我国铁矿资源形势及其安全供应战略构架设想

通过对我国铁矿资源的形势分析,得知其安全供应问题已经处于高度紧张状态,为此必定会导致它的对外依存度不断升级,而对外依存度的升级又影响到经济的安全运行.针对这些问题,为了保障我国铁矿资源的供应安全而促进经济建设的健康发展,就我国铁矿资源安全供应战略构架问题提出了一些战略要点.     

我国铬铁矿未来供需态势与调控政策分析

通过对我国铬铁矿资源的未来供需态势分析,得知它不仅现在远远满足不了消费的要求,而且随着需求的扩张,它的未来供需矛盾将不断加深,对外依存度会不断升级,为此开辟国外铬铁矿资源的供应已是形势所迫.为了保障它的供应安全而促进我国不锈钢等相关产业的健康发展,文章就促进铬铁矿资源可持续安全供应的调控政策的几个问题作了简要分析.     

我国矿产品进口关税分析及其政策建议

通过对我国矿产品进口关税的现状分析，得知它的进口税率的下调空间已经很小，为此单纯地依靠降税很难调动进口企业的积极性；而目前我国利用境外资源的主要方式是进口，为了确保资源的安全供应，就我国矿产品的进口政策方面提出了相关建议。     

中国铍资源供给风险分析

铍在航空航天、国防和一些特殊领域具有不可替代性,是关乎国家安全和高端制造业的关键性矿产之一。本文从铍资源分布、供应和需求等角度出发,分析了全球资源供需格局,并基于产业链视角剖析了中国铍资源的供应、产业等风险。研究结果显示,我国铍资源禀赋较差,未来供应增长潜力有限,不能满足未来需求的快速增长;高端铍产品技术存在短板,严重依赖进口;全球铍资源的供应链、产业链呈现高度垄断特征,安全风险高。基于未来安全风险,本文从增强战略储备、拓展进口来源、加大科技攻关三个方面提出针对性建议,为我国铍产业链安全供应提供参考。     

基于恒等式原理的中国钢铁工业铌资源需求预测研究

铌主要应用于钢铁的生产,含铌钢材广泛应用于航空航天、海洋工程、汽车与交通、能源化工及工程机械等高端制造领域。中国是当前世界第一大铌资源消费国,供需矛盾极为突出,严重依赖国外资源。为保障中国铌资源供应安全与钢铁产业结构调整提供依据,本文基于恒等式原理构建了钢铁工业铌资源需求预测模型,参考发达国家钢铁工业铌资源消费经验,对中国钢铁工业铌需求进行了定量预测。研究结果表明:(1)中国铌工业和钢铁工业现代化程度明显落后于发达国家;(2)典型发达国家含铌钢产量占粗钢产量比例从最低值增长至最高值呈现出一定的规律性;(3)到2030年,中国钢铁工业铌资源需求将持续增长,2025年钢铁工业铌资源需求为3.3～5.2万t、2030年为4.0～7.1万t,中国铌资源供应安全面临严峻挑战。为此,本文建议持续扩大中国铌资源海外权益产量、提高国内储量、加强铌资源提取和二次资源回收技术研发来保障国内外铌资源稳定的供应,同时推进国内铌相关产业建设。     

实施全球资源战略“走出去”勘查开发国外资源

实施全球资源战略是经济全球化的客观要求，是保障国家资源供应安全的重要条件，也是中国可持续发展的必然选择。在阐述我国实施全球资源战略客观性、必要性的基础上，提出了我国实施全球资源战略、利用国外资源的措施和建议。     

我国锗矿资源供应现状及可持续发展对策建议

锗是重要的矿产资源,在通信、航天航空、军事武器和新能源领域应用广泛。我国是全球锗矿产品生产和供应大国,长期供应全球70%左右的消费需求。当前国际政治经济形势不稳定,锗矿资源供应安全是国家政治经济和国防安全的重要物质保障。对我国锗矿资源状况展开调研,分析了国内锗供应现状和消费需求,评估了锗矿资源产品供应风险,认为供应国内需求和全球需求都处于不安全水平,提出加强锗矿资源勘查力度、推动锗二次回收产业发展、提高锗高端产品的供应能力和制定锗产业发展规划等对策建议。     

关键矿产——国际动向与思考

当前,世界各国贸易争端不断加剧,引发对战略性新兴产业所需关键矿产供应安全的担忧,世界各主要国家纷纷制定关键矿产战略保障供应安全。文章通过综合整理美国、欧盟、英国等西方发达国家关键矿产清单,总结了这些国家关键矿产战略的总体特点。基于当前世界供需形势、中国矿产探明储量和资源禀赋特点等情况,文章将关键矿产划分为主导型、技术和条件制约型、市场制约型和资源短缺型4类,并从加强宏观管理、加大力度冶炼技术研发、高精尖新材料研发和充分利用2种资源和市场等方面提出几点思考。     

实施全球资源战略的构思

利用两种资源两个市场是我国矿产资源开发利用的基本战略.世纪之交,我国经济进入一个新的发展时期.为此,我们必须抓住机遇,实施全球资源战略,“走出去”参与全球矿产资源开发,逐步建立全球矿产资源供应系统,以保证我国经济可持续发展和国家安全对矿产资源的需求.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)