深源岩浆作用与江西德兴大型矿集区成矿关系

德兴大型矿集区范围约长２０ｋｍ,宽１０ｋｍ,已发现３个大矿田１３个矿床和许多矿点。赣东北深断裂带控制了区域构造演化,岩浆活动和成矿作用。德兴矿集区的形成是构造－岩浆－成矿统一的地质作用的结果。深源岩浆作用对大规模多金属成矿有决定性的影响。中－新元古代海相火山喷发营造了双桥山群成矿建造— 矿源层。中生代I型花岗岩浆活动对大规模多金属成矿的制约主要有5个方面：(1)供给Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag等成矿金属元素;(2)产生成矿热流体;(3)提供成矿热驱动力;(4)营造成矿空间;(5)激活围岩“矿源层”中的成矿物质参与成矿。     

安徽铜陵荷花山铅锌矿床地质特征与成矿规律

荷花山大型铅锌矿位于长江中下游成矿带铜陵矿集区,是该矿集区内最新类型的典型矿床。矿区出露一套以砂页岩、硅质岩、灰岩为主的沉积岩地层,由F1断层、F2断层、褶皱和朱村断陷盆地以及热液共同作用,使早—中三叠世灰岩中发育构造溶解垮塌角砾岩,矿体赋存于其中。通过沉积成矿、热液成矿和岩浆作用等成矿规律的分析,认为荷花山地区具有良好的成矿地质前景,荷花山铅锌矿床受晚期岩浆热液的影响,铅锌进一步富集。荷花山铅锌矿床与沉积作用和热液作用关系较密切,岩体侵入对荷花山矿床进行了破坏和改造,并形成少量的闪锌矿和方铅矿。荷花山矿床位于铜陵矿集区内,其成矿规律与矿集区其他矿床的成矿规律相比既有共性又有特性,其独特的成矿规律丰富了铜陵矿集区的成矿理论。     

Metallogeny,Minerogenic Series,and Gold Mineralization of the Qinling Orogen,China

The Qinling orogen extends 1650 km E-W and has a width of 95-255 km. It has a long evolutionary history of ～3.02 Ga and a mineralization history of approximately 2.5 Ga. There are more than 400 mineral deposits of Au, Ag, Pb, Zn, Sb, Hg, Mo, W, Fe, Ni, Mn, rare elements, REE, U, V, P, As, Ba, Sr, Ti, Al, pyrite, gypsum, trona, halite, glauberite, mirabilite, blue asbestos, fluorite, rock crystal, mica, vermiculite, graphite, kyanite, andalusite, talc, fireclay, and K-feldspar in the Qinling orogen and adjacent areas. The deposits were formed in six tectono-minerogenic cycles and have been grouped into 21 regional minerogenic series.

The metallogeny of the Qinling orogen is closely associated with the tectonic evolution of the orogen, and most of the ore deposits were formed in two important metallogenic periods: (1) Middle Proterozoic to Early Paleozoic, which was characterized by spreading and rifting-related minerogenetic processes; during this period, the minerogenic series are directly associated with basic-ultrabasic magmatism and marine volcanism resulting from spreading-rifting and deep faulting; (2) Mesozoic, when mineralization was controlled by intracontinental subduction and postorogenic relaxational taphrogenesis or extension; the minerogenetic series are associated with intermediate-acid magmatism and terrestrial volcanism.

Gold is one of the most important ore-forming commodities in the Qinling orogen. Over 80% of those gold deposits were formed in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic and are related genetically to magmatism, terrestrial volcanism, and alluvial sedimentation. Most gold deposits in the Qinling orogenic belt are of hydrothermal origin. The Dashui-type gold deposits may be a new category of high-sulfi-dation epithermal gold deposits hosted by carbonate rocks of the Upper Paleozoic and Triassic in the southwestern part of the Qinling orogen. Shuangwangtype gold deposits in the middle of the Qinling orogen are characterized by low-grade (but large in terms of tonnage) ores hosted by brecciated and banded albitites, which are thought to have been formed by Yanshanian (late Mesozoic) magmatic-hydrothermal fluids injected into the Devonian sedimentary rocks. Carlin-type, quartz vein-type, and placer-type deposits also are important in this continental orogenic belt and adjacent areas.     

内蒙古十八倾壕金矿床的叠加成矿作用——来自黄铁矿组分特征的证据

通过矿石中黄铁矿的ΔFe/ΔS值和Co/Ni值的分析,确定了内蒙古十八倾壕金矿床两种矿体-糜棱岩型矿体和石英脉型矿体中黄铁矿组分的不同特点：糜棱岩型矿体的黄铁矿属于贫铁贫硫型,Co/Ni值小于1;石英脉型矿体的黄铁矿属于贫铁富硫型,Co/Ni值大于1。这与该矿床两种矿石的S和Pb同位素的组成特征相呼应：前者反映同韧性剪切作用有关的变质热液成矿;后者反映岩浆热液成矿作用。这又一次在物质成分上证明了十八倾壕金矿床是两次成矿作用叠加的结果,同时也证明了前人提出的“不同层次叠加构造控矿”的观点。     

地幔柱成矿系统:以峨眉山地幔柱为例

地幔柱沟通了地核、地幔、地壳各个圈层之间的物质与能量交换,提供了板内构造岩浆活动及成矿作用的一种重要的动力学机制。峨眉山地幔柱是晚古生代全球最显著的地幔柱活动之一,形成了多种有重大资源经济价值的矿床类型。以峨眉山地幔柱为例,对几种典型矿床类型的产出特征及成因进行了系统分析,阐述了地幔柱成矿系统中各种成矿作用与地幔柱构造岩浆活动的关系及成矿机理。(1)通过对部分典型岩浆硫化物矿床的地质地球化学特征和矿化特征分析,揭示了峨眉山大火成岩省不同矿化特征的岩浆硫化物矿床形成于统一的地幔柱岩浆活动体系,并与峨眉山玄武岩为同源演化关系,岩浆演化过程及硫化物熔离富集过程存在的差异造成了矿化类型的变异。(2)对攀西地区4个超大型钒钛磁铁矿矿床进行了详尽的地质地球化学分析,论述了成矿岩浆的性质、与峨眉山玄武岩的关系及成岩演化过程和成矿模式,表明成矿母岩浆来自于地幔柱,但经历了较大程度的地壳混染作用,提出岩浆的多次补给混合及结晶锋面上发生的双扩散造成的液态分层导致了韵律条带矿石的形成。(3)阐述了滇黔相邻地区玄武岩型自然铜和黑铜矿铜矿化现象,指出玄武岩岩浆气液阶段的自变质作用和玄武岩构造变质热液蚀变改造作用两种方式造成铜矿化富集,岩浆气液阶段的自变质作     

桂东金矿成矿地质特征及矿床成因

在详细论述桂东地区金矿床赋存的构造地质环境，控矿地层岩性及岩浆活动与金矿化与关系等成矿地质特征基础上，通过矿石微量元素和稀土元素特征及硫，铅，氢氧稳定同位素组成特征研究证实，在矿物质以深源岩交为主，混有少量壳源物质成矿流体为岩浆水，后期混有少量变持水和大气降水，矿床具有多源，多成因及多期次成矿特征，矿床成因类型主要有岩浆热液，变质热液和复合叠加类型，而以后者为主。     

Spectral Analysis of Magnetic data in the Ajmer-Sambar Sector,North-Central Rajasthan

Ajmer-Sambar sector of Delhi fold belt, North-Central Rajasthan has got importance due to its litho characters, structure, metamorphism, magmatism, migmatisation, metallogeny and rich potential of base metal mineralization. This sector is comprised of Delhi sequence of rocks hosted by the Banded Gneisses Complex (BGC). In view of the significance of this region, ground magnetic survey was conducted along six regional profiles to understand the structural features, magnetic nature of the basement and depth to the basement. Analysis of the magnetic data has clearly identified two magnetic lineaments (a) L1 in WNW-ESE direction that appears to represent litho-contact between Kalyanpura sequences in the south to Anasagar migmatite in the north and (b) L2 in NNW to SSE direction south of Parvatsar which is inferred to be a structural control about which the quartzite rocks of Taragarh Formation culminate. An average depth to basement of 3.7 km is estimated through spectral analysis of magnetic data. The maximum depth of the basin 4.5 km is estimated in central part of the study area. The obtained depth results are in good agreement with the Cummulative Total Intensity Magnetic Anomaly field (CTIMAF) and Deep seismic stuides.     

Metallogeny linked to mantle dynamics in the Sanjiang Tethys region as inferred from P-wave teleseismic tomographic study

The Sanjiang Tethys tectonic domain is one of the major metallogenic belts in China. The magmatism and metallogeny in this region have been variously attributed to break-off of the subducted slab, delamination of the lower crust or lithosphere, and mantle plume upwelling. Previous seismic studies have identified prominent heterogeneity of velocity structure in the crust and mantle in this region. Here we synthesize teleseismic data recorded by China seismic networks and mobile seismic stations to generate tomographic images at various depth sections in the Sanjiang Tethys region. Our results clearly indicate zones of low velocity perturbation associated with mantle upwelling, which might suggest extensive crust-mantle interaction which possibly acted as the trigger for magmatism and metallogeny in this region.     

河南崔家庄铅矿区四岔口组下段地球化学特征及找矿意义

崔家庄铅矿区地处黑沟—栾川断裂带与瓦穴子—乔端断裂带之间,成矿地质条件较好.矿区1∶1万土壤化探剖面成果显示,宽坪群四岔口组下段主成矿元素Pb、Ag富集强烈,分布极不均匀,元素间相关性显著,成矿潜力大;单元素异常及综合异常均显示,异常与断裂构造关系密切;经异常查证及追索,目前发现3个铅矿体(伴生银、锌)及1个矿化点,丰...     

深部找铀及湘南-桂北地区深部找铀潜景分析

概述了国内外深部找矿的研究成果,指出深部找矿是当今发展的趋势。国内外重大矿产的成功发掘,其深度均在千米以上,铀矿化垂向分布深度可达4 km以上。综合介绍了国内外勘查深大矿床的特点和条件,认为岩石-构造条件是深部矿化定位的重要因素,复式岩体、成矿系统的垂向变化、构造地球物理-地球化学异常模型是深部找矿的关键依据。综述了中国南方湘南—桂北地区深部找铀的有利地质构造条件和潜力,成矿流体是该区铀矿化的根源,白垩—第三纪重大地质事件是该区深部铀成矿的重要前提,重大地质事件引发的NE-NNE,NW向深大断裂及断陷盆地是铀矿化赋存的重要场所和勘查靶区。在已知铀矿田、成矿带勘查范围基础上,在该区进行深部探索将会获得重大突破。探讨了湘南—桂北地区深部找铀的勘查思路和方法。     

Tectonic evolution,superimposed orogeny,and composite metallogenic system in China

Continental China is a mosaic of numerous tectonic blocks, which amalgamated from Neoarchean to Cenozoic broadly coeval with the cycles of global supercontinents such as Kenorland, Columbia, Rodinia, Gondwana, and Pangaea. By reviewing the long-lasting geological evolution in the different tectonic blocks, it reveals that more than two episodes of tectonic events, including accretionary and collisional orogeny, and dismantling, as well as mantle plume, occurred successively or simultaneously within a single tectonic belt. This is called superimposed orogeny in this study. Examples of the dominant types of superimposed orogeny in China include: (1) Cenozoic continental collision superimposed on Paleo- to Mesozoic accretionary orogeny in the Tibet and Sanjiang orogenic belts; (2) Reactivation of Paleozoic accretionary orogen in later Mesozoic oceanic subduction in the eastern part of Qinling–Qilian–Kunlun and Central Asian orogenic belts; (3) Mesozoic oceanic subduction under the paleo-suture in the South China Block; (4) Mesozoic demantling along the Paleo- and Neoproterozoic, and Paleozoic sutures in the eastern part of North China Craton; and (5) mantle plume rising through metasomatized lithospheric mantle or stagnant oceanic slab in the Emeishan large igneous province. A comprehensive review of the spatial-temporal distribution of ore deposits and their salient features shows that the superimposed orogeny has exerted significant control on metallogeny in China. The giant porphyry and skarnore deposits, as well as orogenic gold deposits were preferentially formed along previous tectonic suture, craton margin, and arc during later orogenesis due to the remobilization of previously enriched metals. Superimposed orogeny has reworked the lithospheric structure with concomitant granitoid-associated metallogeny. The mixing of magmas from juvenile lower crust, ancient lower crust, and middle crust, which tends to induce the different mineralization of Cu–Au, Mo, and Pb–Zn–W–Sn deposits respectively, was considered to generate a wide variety of combinations of metal species. The superimposed orogeny caused the overlapping of diverse genetic types of deposit formed in different tectonic periods in the same tectono-metallogenic belt. The stratiform ore deposit, including BIF, VMS, SEDEX, or sedimentary sulfide layers, formed from Neoarchean to Paleozoic, were modified by later mineralization, resulting in the enrichment of the various metal species and enhancement of ore resources. This study brings up the concept of composite metallogenic system to summarize the regional metallogeny driven by superimposed orogeny. The composite metallogenic system was dominantly characterized by the multi-episodic and diverse mineralization concomitant with one or more features, including mineralization evolved from the previous metal enrichment, later overlapping or modification on previous ore belt, and diversifying of metal species derived from reworked lithosphere.     

湖北程潮铁矿成矿物质来源的地球化学制约

湖北程潮矿区岩浆活动主要分为早期的闪长岩期和晚期的花岗岩期,岩浆侵入发生在燕山期中晚期。程潮铁矿成矿作用与燕山期中晚期岩浆岩侵入密切相关,岩浆是成矿物质的主要来源。成矿期主要分为早期的磁铁矿期和晚期的金属硫化物期,早期的磁铁矿期是主成矿期。稀土元素地球化学特征表明闪长岩类岩石与磁铁矿矿石的REE、LREE配分模式存在很明显的互补关系,花岗岩与金属硫化物矿石含量亦为互补关系。花岗岩和金属硫化物矿石中Eu中度—强烈亏损,这是由早期闪长岩类岩石结晶和磁铁矿石矿化引起的。此外,微量元素地球化学特征表明闪长岩类岩石富含的亲硫元素Cr,是由于早期的磁铁矿矿化导致Fe3+从岩浆中析出;花岗岩富亲铁元素Co、N i的含量与晚期的金属硫化物矿化联系紧密。微量元素和稀土元素地球化学特征表明程潮矿区的成矿物质来源主要是闪长岩,与鄂东南其他矽卡岩型铁矿床一致,这对总结鄂东南区域成矿规律有重要意义。     

湖南省主要成矿作用与矿床成矿系列

湖南省地处扬子与华夏陆块结合部,构造活动强烈,矿产资源丰富。主要成矿作用有沉积、岩浆热液与热卤水3种类型。省内地层分布广泛,从中元古界至第四系均有出露,沉积类型较多样,伴随着沉积作用形成了丰富的铁、锰、铜、镍、钼、钒、石膏、芒硝、石盐、煤等沉积型矿床。全省构造运动复杂,岩浆活动强烈,有色金属矿床大都与中性-酸性侵入岩及浅成斑岩有关,且同时代不同地区、同地区不同时代、同地区同时代不同岩石类型和不同岩石特征的岩体其成矿作用不同。与热卤水有关的成矿作用主要分布于雪峰隆起区及两侧,矿化以锑、金为主,另有铅锌、汞等。笔者在深入分析成矿作用与矿产特征的基础上,依据陈毓川等(2006)划分的"全国矿床成矿系列",将全省矿产资源划分为10个矿床成矿系列,20个亚系列,并归并为3个系列组。其中,与沉积作用有关的矿床成矿系列组合划分了5个成矿系列,13个亚系列;与岩浆作用有关的,划分了3个成矿系列,4个亚系列;与热卤水作用有关,划分了2个成矿系列,3个亚系列。该划分方案基本涵盖了省内目前已发现的主要金属与非金属矿产,可为地质找矿"按图索骥"提供依据,将对全省找矿部署起着十分积极的指导作用。     

实验矿床学的发展现状和前景展望

实验矿床学是通过高温高压实验手段对成矿元素在矿物?熔体?流体体系的地球化学行为开展研究. 在揭示成矿的“源?运?聚?储”复杂过程中,它是反演和追踪成矿元素“运?聚”机制的重要手段,因而在精细刻画成矿过程,揭示关键控矿因素方面具有不可替代的优势. 实验矿床学是随着实验技术的发展而发展的,为矿床学的发展提供了重要的基础数据,弥补了通过天然样品研究复杂成矿过程的不足,极大地推动了成矿理论的发展. 回顾了实验矿床学的发展历史、研究现状,讨论了相关的科学问题,提出未来应当重点关注两个方面:（1）加强实验平台建设,发展可视化在线观测实验技术;（2）聚焦以国家目标（如关键金属成矿）为导向的科学前沿研究.      

成矿专属性与成矿继承性

成矿规律(Metallogenie)是研究控制矿床生成的各种因素和条件及其相互关系,以及它们在地质时间和空间中的综合表现,即矿床生成和分布的规律。控制岩浆成因矿床成矿的主要因素,就是岩浆、构造及岩性,而地层控制实质上是岩性加上一定的地质时间概念。在岩浆控制成矿因素中,为人们所经常注意,也是最突出的问题有两个,即以岩浆岩的矿物岩石地球化学特征为中心的成矿专属性(Metallog-     

西藏克鲁-冲木达矿集区资源潜力分析及找矿方向

克鲁-冲木达矿集区位于西藏南部扎囊-桑日之间,累计估算铜金属资源量达200多万t.文章从"景"、"场"、"相"、"床"金属成矿省等级体制出发,阐述了该矿集区在印-亚陆陆碰撞"陆内汇聚-地壳分层加厚-重力均衡调整"的高原隆升过程中的成矿地质背景,指出区内存在着与碰撞挤压流体迁移汇聚有关的层控铜矿床、碰撞后伸展环境中夕卡岩铜矿床、斑岩型铜矿床3种矿床类型.利用"成矿构造聚敛场"观点分析成矿资源潜力,并指明了找矿方向.     

透岩浆流体成矿作用——理论分析与野外证据

文中介绍并发展了科尔任斯基等有关透岩浆流体成矿作用的基本概念,结合当今地质学领域的一些基本事实,以及混沌边界成矿理论和小岩体成大矿的原因分析,力图完整地阐述透岩浆流体成矿理论,并从地球动力学的视角来讨论成矿作用的基本问题。大多数矿区的岩石遭受过强烈蚀变,暗示成矿作用伴随着大规模流体活动。然而,地质观察和实验研究表明岩浆中流体的含量有限、小岩体常常与大型矿床有关、围岩中的流体由于高温岩浆的热压力而不能进入岩浆体中,表明成矿流体主要来自深部的独立流体系统。前人的实验还表明,流体中成矿元素的溶解度随压力快速增加。因此,成矿作用的前提条件是:(1)存在大量的深部流体和流体中高的金属浓度;(2)岩浆系统和成矿流体系统是两个独立的地质系统,它们具有类似的起源;(3)巨量金属堆积有赖于深部含矿流体的快速上升,岩浆体是含矿流体上升的有利通道,流体是岩浆快速上升侵位的驱动力之一。因此,岩浆系统和成矿流体系统往往具有同时活动的特点,这两个地质系统常常叠合在一起,形成我们现在观察到的火成岩及与其密切相关的成矿现象。根据这个理论,成矿作用的规模和位置取决于:(1)岩浆系统与流体系统的体积比,(2)含矿流体的上升速度,(3)金属堆积的边界条件,(4)岩浆系统与流体系统分离的程度。因此,快速上升侵位的岩浆有利于形成斑岩型矿床,较慢速侵位的岩浆可以形成夕卡岩型甚至远程低温热液型矿床,多数情况下是这三类矿床的复杂组合。冈底斯带曲水岩体中含铜暗色微粒包体的野外观察有助于理解成矿物质的来源、迁移和集聚成矿,是透岩浆流体成矿作用的一个缩影。将暗色微粒包体展现的成矿现象与藏东玉龙等斑岩铜矿相比,发现二者具有很好的类比性。可见,透岩浆流体成矿作用理论是一种非常重要的成矿理论,可以解释许多内生成矿作用之谜。     

安徽铜陵典型矿区岩石包体研究及其岩浆——成矿作用过程探讨

铜陵地区岩浆岩中产有两类石包体,一类为属高于高角闪岩相的变质岩（残余）包体;另一类为属于二长岩－闪长岩类的岩浆岩包体,对这两类岩石包体进行了详细的岩石学和矿物学研究,并计算了了各类岩石包体的形成条件,在此基础上探讨了岩石包体与寄主岩浆岩之间的关系,分析了岩浆岩和有关矿床的物质来源和成岩成矿作用机制,提出了深部古老变质基底部分融－岩浆积聚,分异,并在不同层位就形,形成深位和浅位岩浆房－不同成分的岩浆混合－气液隐爆迁移沉淀这样一种与同熔型岩浆岩有关的新的层控矽卡岩矿床成矿模式。     

西南三江碰撞造山带沉积岩容矿Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu贱金属复合成矿与深部过程

西南三江特提斯造山带中新生代沉积盆地中(沱沱河、玉树、昌都和兰坪-思茅地区)发育包括金顶超大型铅锌矿床在内的一系列以沉积岩容矿的Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu贱金属矿床,构成长达千余千米的青藏高原东缘贱金属成矿带。作为大陆碰撞环境成矿谱系的重要矿床类型,加强这些矿床的理论研究对提高和完善大陆碰撞造山成矿理论和指导找矿勘查等具有重要意义。已有研究表明这些Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu矿床的分布受盆地形成后新生代大型逆冲推覆-走滑构造控制,其容矿岩石和成矿作用特征与SEDEX和MVT矿床存在明显的差异,矿床成矿流体表现出多来源混合的特征,成矿与深部过程密切相关。尽管取得重要进展,但由于缺乏高精度年代学数据制约,成矿动力学背景及其与碰撞造山的时空联系存在较大争议。一些矿床的研究显示复合成矿迹象,但是复合成矿过程与深部驱动等问题仍不清楚。近年来我们以兰坪和昌都盆地的Pb-Zn-Ag多金属矿床和Cu多金属矿床为重点研究对象,系统开展了成矿年代学、成矿流体源-运-储系统和复合成矿机制以及深部过程对成矿制约等方面研究。结果表明,兰坪盆地西缘Cu(Mo)多金属矿床主要形成于48～58Ma,兰坪和昌都盆地Pb-Zn-Ag多金属矿床主要形成于27～33Ma。成矿流体表现出明显的多来源混合的特征,主要存在三种类型:1)变质流体与盆地卤水或大气降水复合成矿,以金满-连城Cu矿床为代表; 2)盆地卤水与大气降水复合成矿,以金顶Pb-Zn矿床为代表; 3)盆地卤水和岩浆流体复合成矿,以拉诺玛Pb-Zn-Sb矿床为代表。兰坪盆地西缘Cu矿床主要形成于新生代印度-欧亚大陆主碰撞挤压阶段,与成矿密切相关的变质流体可能来源于陆-陆碰撞俯冲引起的高压变质。Pb-Zn矿床主要形成于印度-欧亚大陆晚碰撞构造转换环境,构造挤压和造山隆起驱动盆地流体迁移,同期的岩浆活动主要为成矿提供热驱动力或成矿物质。