新疆阿舍勒铜锌块状硫化物矿床成矿条件和成矿特点

阿舍勒铜锌矿床是一个典型的火山岩型块状硫化物矿床。大陆边缘裂谷带是矿床形成的大地构造环境。早中泥盆世火山活动形成了含矿的双峰式火山岩套。矿床产于近喷发间歇期的石英角斑质角砾凝灰岩中，受火山洼地和同生断裂控制。     

辽西中生代火山岩建造中的金矿

辽西中生代火山岩建造中金矿床的形成与火山活动密切相关。根据金矿化所处的构造位置、金矿化特征及岩石建造，区内金矿床（点）可划分为（1）与3次火山岩有关，（2）与古火山构造有关；（3）与喷出岩有关三个类型。在火山岩建造中，中酸性－酸性次火山岩体边缘构造破碎带，火山构造发育地带及火山喷发岩带对金成矿有利。     

赣东南地区火山地质、矿产特征及找矿方向

赣东南火山岩区主要发育侏罗纪中、晚世中酸性火山碎屑岩－火山熔岩，其中以爆溢相产出的流纹质晶屑凝灰溶岩分布最广；火山构造主要发育破火山口、岩穹、隐爆角砾岩筒等构造，且与成矿关系；与成矿关系密切的次火山岩广泛发育。区内主要矿化类型为斑岩型、（次火山）隐爆层间裂隙带型、蚀变花岗岩型、隐爆角砾岩型，矿床成因均为与火山活动期后次火山（隐爆）活动有关的岩浆期后高－中温热液交代－充填型矿床。同时，矿床类型上具相互穿插性，隐爆层间裂隙带型、隐爆角砾型等矿床类型往往可以看作是斑岩型矿床的延伸；矿床空间分布上往往具有“一体多型”的特征。新矿化类型是赣南中生代火山岩找矿的重要方向。     

武夷地区成矿地质条件与主要矿产分布规律

武夷地区成矿作用与构造活动，动热变质－岩浆作用和中生代火山作用密切相关，武夷地区是一条重要的火山－斑岩铜（金），银铅锌，锡（钨）成矿带，又是一条重要的花岗岩－剪切带型金（银）成矿带。主导控矿构造为北北东，北东向复合的“多字型”断裂构造带。矿床分布呈北北东向向洋分带与近东西向分带，成矿时，空分布具有一定规律。     

牙克石地区早白垩世梅勒图组火山地质研究

梅勒图组火山岩是大兴安岭中生代火山活动的主要产物之一,是确定大兴安岭地区白垩纪构造环境的重要岩石组合。本文以牙克石地区出露的梅勒图组火山岩为对象,重新厘定了该组火山岩的岩石组合类型,并结合火山岩岩相与火山机构特征,反演了火山岩形成的构造环境。结果表明,该组火山岩的岩石类型主要为安粗岩和橄榄玄武粗安岩,少量粗安质火山碎屑岩;其锆石U-Pb(LA-ICPMS)年龄为(114.25±0.5)Ma;火山岩相以溢流相为主,局部有爆发相和潜火山岩相;火山机构类型为裂隙式,晚期收缩为点式喷发,火山活动受控于海拉尔河北东向断裂,早期沿断裂发生溢流式火山作用,形成溢流相熔岩,随后收缩为点式喷发,形成了牙克石农场等处的坠落-溅落火山锥,晚期潜玄武粗安岩沿火山通道的充填,标志着火山活动的结束。火山岩形成于造山作用后期向伸展作用转化的构造环境,岩浆来源于壳幔边界,且幔源组分的贡献较大。     

宁芜火山岩型铜金矿地质特征,成矿规律和找矿前景

火山岩型铜金矿以脉型为主，分Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ３个亚型，主要产于富钾型和钾钠型火山岩中，受负向火山构造及北西向扭张断裂或破碎带控制，推测金由火山岩浆或热液从深部绿色片岩系（结晶基底）中萃取，成矿时并有雨水参与。该区为继承式火山盆地，金活化转移距离长，较上叠式火山岩盆矿化差，找金前景不大。     

内蒙赤峰北部两个重要的成矿带及其成矿特征

根据地质背景及成矿特征，将赤峰北部划分为两个重要的多金属成矿带，即西部黄岗梁－浩布高锡多金属成矿带和东部敖尔盖－好来宝钢金多金属成矿带。西带以大进式脉伏潜火山 型锡铜银铅锌矿化为代表；东带以扁扁山式班岩型铜金锌铅矿化为代表。     

黑龙江省尚志县帽儿山塌陷式火山盆地铀成矿条件分析

帽儿山盆地位于伊春火山岩型铀成矿远景带西南段,是宾县-伊春-甘欣NE向火山岩型铀钼成矿带的组成部分,为J3-K1的中小型塌陷式火山盆地。文章从大地构造、地层、侵入岩、构造、矿产等基础地质特征入手,对盆地大地构造位置、盆地规模及形成时期、构造特征、岩浆活动、基底及盖层的含铀性、火山旋回及岩性岩相、断裂-火山构造系统、围岩蚀变及铀多金属矿化特点、重磁场特征等10个方面进行分析,认为该火山盆地与产铀火山盆地的特征相类似,具有良好的找矿前景,可进一步开展铀矿普查工作。     

中国东部次火山岩型铜银多金属矿床找矿规律

次火山岩型矿床与陆相火山岩、次火山岩为同源,同时期,同空间,同成因。总结了区域火山活动特征;区域构造与成矿关系;火山构造、火山机构与成矿关系;隐爆角砾岩与成矿关系等成矿规律。     

徐家围子断陷白垩纪火山活动与断裂组合关系

本文从断裂组合、火山机构和岩浆通道等方面分析,提出徐家围子断陷基底断裂及与之匹配的次级断裂控制白垩纪火山活动,形成受基底断裂控制的三个 NNW 向展布的火山岩发育带。由于基底断裂特征不同,各火山岩带分别具有中心式、裂隙式和复合式三种不同的喷发特征。徐家围子断陷安达地区精细解剖表明,其基底断裂上部发育 NWW 向雁列式断裂,向下沟通基底断裂,为西部火山岩浆上侵通道,反映了历史时期内火山活动西强东弱的特征,西部火山规模大,以爆发相为主,东部为大面积溢流相。火山岩的分布受基底断裂及沟通其的次级断裂控制,同时对断裂痕迹起到一定的改造作用。     

Metal fluxes to the sediments of the Moulay Bousselham lagoon,Morocco

The metal content in surface sediments (0–2 cm, 26 samples), in a sediment core (120, 1 cm slices), taken from Moulay Bousselham (Morocco) was investigated. Concentrations of Al, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, As, and Hg were evaluated in surface and cored sediments of Moulay Bousselham lagoon. Significantly high concentrations in μg g⁻¹ dw of Pb (31.7–6.2), Zn (758.9–167), Cu (310.7–22), Ni (96–10.5), Cr (113–18.9), Cd (0.84–0.02), As (1–0.1), and Hg (0.61–0.02) were found in sediment samples from Moulay Bousselham lagoon. Calculated enrichment factors [EF_Me = (Me/Al)_sample/(Me/Al)_background], using Al as a normalizer, and correlation matrices showed that metal pollution in Merja Zerga of Moulay Bousselham lagoon was the product of anthropogenic sources, while the metal content in Merja Kehla was of natural origins. The results suggest that a major change in the sedimentary regime of the lagoon, associated with internal trapping and re-distribution of heavy metal, has been occurring in the past few decades. The cause would appear to be the construction of a Nador Canal at the lagoon. Probable effects concentrations (PEC) were often exceeded for heavy metals in the lagoon sediments, especially for Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr, and four stations, stations MZ-11, MZ-12, MZ-13, MZ-14, MZ-16, and MZ-17, had multiple metals at presumptively toxic levels. These comparisons suggest that sediment metal levels in the river are clearly high and probably pose an environmental risk at some stations. The levels of most of the metals were not greatly enriched, a consideration that is of the utmost importance when contamination issues are at stake. Metal concentrations found in Moulay Bousselham lagoon were comparable to aquatic systems classified as contaminated from other regions of the world.     

北京市金属矿产开发对土壤重金属含量影响分析

通过对密云水库上游潮白河流域进行土壤和沉积物采集,针对采集样品中的微量元素和重金属进行测试和分析,得出:汤河流域内土壤中铅(Pb)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)和铬(Cr)含量较高;琉璃河流域内土壤中铜(Cu)和铬(Cr)含量较高;潮河流域内土壤中铅(Pb)和铬(Cr)含量较高。采用单元素的地累积指数评价和区域多元素的污染负荷指数评价方法,对土壤中重金属含量的影响进行评价,得出:汤河流域中部土壤重金属含量,琉璃河流域中、下游一带的土壤重金属含量、潮河支流牤牛河上游流域土壤重金属含量均达到国标中划定的中度污染时土壤的含量,其影响面积分别为20km~2、14km~2、24km~2。通过土壤中重金属元素之间的相关性分析,判断重金属的来自附近铁矿、金矿集中开采所产生的"三废",建议采用土壤修复技术进行治理。     

Adsorption of Heavy Metal Cations by Base Metal Sulfides in the Broken Spur and TAG Hydrothermal Fields,Atlantic Ocean

Data on the mineral and chemical composition of samples of sulfide deposits from the Broken Spur and TAG (Mid-Atlantic Ridge) are presented. The main minerals in the Broken Spur field are marcasite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite; in sample from TAG: chalcopyrite, pyrite, and marcasite. It has been established that these sulfide minerals of Fe, Cu, and Zn are natural ion exchangers and belong to the class of adsorbents. Exchange capacity of sulfide minerals in terms of heavy metal cations (Ni2+, Co2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+) is 0.022–0.32 mg-equiv/g. In the exchange reaction products, the mineral composition of sulfide deposits is retained, and new phases do not appear. It is suggested that the adsorbed heavy metal cations populate either vacant cationic or interstitial defect sites in the structures of sulfide minerals. Bond strength of the adsorbed heavy metal cations with the main structural elements of minerals is low, which is confirmed by their high extraction in an acid medium. The results of adsorption-desorption experiments indicate two forms of heavy metal cations in sulfide minerals: adsorbed (basic) and chemically bound.     

Metal anomalies in till in the Sarvlaxviken area,Lovisa, southern Finland

Geochemical investigations of till is a widely used method in metal exploration as the till commonly inherits the geochemical signature (including the metal contents) of the parent bedrock. In this investigation, over 2000 till samples were collected in the Sarvlaxviken area, southern Finland, where several polymetallic (Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Sn, W and In) veins recently have been discovered in Proterozoic crust along the border between Late Svecofennian granites and the Wiborg Batholith. The bedrock is commonly covered by compact and poorly sorted basal till, formed during the Late Weichselian glaciation event. Several glacial-transported boulders, with high contents of Cu, Zn, As, Sn, Mo and Bi and derived from the local bedrock, have also been discovered on top of the till and provide evidence for concealed mineralisation in the local bedrock under the till cover. The frequent distribution of till in the Sarvlaxviken area provides excellent conditions for the search of such hidden mineralisation by means of systematic till sampling, even if large farm field areas, composed of clay-rich sediments, and seawater-covered areas (Sarvlaxviken bay), had to be avoided in the sampling program. The till samples were collected during university courses and training programs led by the authors and were analysed in a cost-efficient and certified laboratory. Obtained geochemical data were statistically processed by using K-means clustering algorithms which can be used to treat large sets of geochemical data. The results provided anomalies that mainly occur in till with a thickness of <1 m and are considered to be derived from a local bedrock source. The discovered anomalies provide strong evidence for numerous undiscovered veins beneath the till cover.     

Noble Metal Enrichment Processes in the Merensky Reef, Bushveld Complex

We have analysed sulphides, silicates, and chromites of theMerensky Reef for platinum-group elements (PGEs), Re and Auusing laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometryand synthetic pyrrhotite standards annealed with known quantitiesof noble metals. Os, Ir and Ru reside in solid solution in pyrrhotiteand pentlandite, Rh and part of the Reef’s Pd in pentlandite,whereas Pt, Au, Re and some Pd form discrete phases. Olivineand chromite, often suspected to carry Os, Ir and Ru, are PGEfree. All phases analysed contain noble metals as discrete micro-inclusionswith diameters typically <100 nm. Inclusions in sulphidescommonly have the element combinations Os–Ir–Ptand Pt–Pd–Au. Inclusions in olivine and chromiteare dominated by Pt ± Au–Pd. Few inclusion spectracan be related to discrete noble metal phases, and few inclusionshave formed by sub-solidus exsolution. Rather, some PGE inclusions,notably those in olivine and chromite, are early-magmatic nuggetstrapped when their host phases crystallized. We suggest thatthe silicate melt layer that preceded the Merensky Reef wasPGE oversaturated at early cumulus times. Experiments combinedwith available sulphide–silicate partition coefficientssuggest that a silicate melt in equilibrium with a sulphidemelt containing the PGE spectrum of the Merensky ore would indeedbe oversaturated with respect to the least soluble noble metals.Sulphide melt apparently played little role in enriching thenoble metals in the Merensky Reef; rather, its role was to immobilizea pre-existing in situ stratiform PGE anomaly in the liquid-stratifiedmagma chamber. KEY WORDS: Bushveld Complex; Merensky Reef; laser-ablation ICP-MS; platinum-group mineralization     

Geochronology of Alkaline Rocks of the Aryskan Rare Metal Deposit,East Sayan

Doklady Earth Sciences - The temporal relations between alkaline rocks of the Aryskan rare metal (Y, REEs, Nb, Ta) deposit are determined using metamict zircon with high U and Th contents, which...     

Metal contamination of soils at Scott Base,Antarctica

Soil samples taken from excavated pits on traverses across New Zealand’s Scott Base, Antarctica, were leached with water and 0.01 M HNO₃ and the leachates analysed for Ag, Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. The soils had high conductivity and pH values generally increasing with depth and in the range 8.3–10.1. The water leachate generally contained most of the extractable metals except Mn and Cd, and As. Linear relationships were observed between some metals leached into alkaline solution and the Fe in those solutions. The ratios to Fe were comparable to those of the host basanite, and this observation is interpreted as showing that these metals are incorporated in fine mineral particulates derived directly from the rock mass. Outliers in leachable metal concentrations in the soils indicated appreciable contamination of the soil from anthropogenic sources with Ag, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn as well as As. In some locations high concentrations of Ag and Cd correspond to specific sources and drainage channels. High concentrations of Pb were widely spread and in the top soil layers whereas the elevated concentrations of Zn were distributed throughout the soil profiles indicating atmospheric sources and different mobilities within the soils. Transport within the soils is evident for some metals, as is lateral movement over and through the soils.     

Geology and Metal Contents of the Ruttan volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, northern Manitoba, Canada

The Paleoproterozoic Ruttan Cu–Zn volcanogenic massive-sulfide (VMS) deposit is a large, relatively low grade, bimodal-siliciclastic type deposit in the Rusty Lake volcanic belt of northern Manitoba. The deposit contained over 82.8 million tonnes of massive sulfide, of which 55.7 million tonnes were mined from 1973 to 2002. The deposit consists of a series of moderately to steeply dipping, south-facing lenses that extend along strike at the surface for 1.1 km and to a depth of 1.0 km. These lenses occur within a steeply dipping, bimodal volcanic, volcaniclastic and siliciclastic sequence. In the immediate mine area, transitional calc-alkalic to high-silica (tholeiitic), felsic, and intermediate volcanic/volcaniclastic rocks of the Mine Sequence are host to, and intercalated with, the massive-sulfide lenses. Transitional tholeiitic to calc-alkalic basalt and andesite are present in the footwall sequence, approximately 500 m down-section from the ore horizon. The overlying rocks are predominantly fine-grained volcaniclastics and siliciclastics, but include polyfragmental agglomerate that contains mafic bombs and scoriaceous felsic fragments. Syn-depositional felsic and mafic dikes, sills, and apophyses are ubiquitous throughout the Mine Sequence, including the ore lenses, indicating continued, near-vent magmatism, and volcanism during ore formation. Fabrics in altered hostrocks have consistent, down-plunge stretching lineations to the SSE that suggest the deposit has been elongated by a factor of ~1.2–1.5; otherwise, the deposit is remarkably undeformed. Syn- and post-depositional faults in the mine area have relatively minor displacements up to tens of meters. Proximal (within 200 m) footwall rocks exhibit moderate to strong chloritization, characterized by the upper greenschist to lower amphibolite facies assemblages that include cordierite–almandine–andalusite–sillimanite–biotite ± staurolite ± anthophyllite ± talc, and local silicification. The proximal hanging wall rocks are characterized by sericite ± gahnite alteration, which is restricted to within approximately 75 m of the uppermost lenses. Additional gangue minerals are anhydrite and carbonate minerals (siderite, dolomite, ankerite, and calcite), as well as chlorite, sericite, biotite, talc, and quartz. Carbonate (excluding siderite), potassium feldspar, silicification and epidotization are common distal alteration zones in the footwall to the Mine Sequence several kilometers to the northeast. There are three principal groups of massive sulfide lenses; the East lenses, the West lenses, and the Western Anomaly lenses to the far west. In general, Cu is relatively enriched at the stratigraphic base and in the center of the deposit, whereas Zn is enriched upsection and at the outer margins. Some of the Zn-rich ore exhibits primary mineralogical layering. Parts of the West and Western Anomaly lenses show two layers with Cu-rich bases and Zn-rich tops. The massive sulfide is typically 10–40-m thick; one area along the margin of the main lenses is over 130-m thick and may represent deposition adjacent to a syn-depositional fault. The main sulfide phases are pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena, with tetrahedrite as the most abundant trace phase. Gahnite is ubiquitous in the chlorite-rich assemblages adjacent to the ore lenses. The average base, precious and trace metal contents estimated from Cu and Zn concentrates, and from millhead grades and recoveries. Metals easily transported as chloride and bisulfide complexes in hydrothermal fluids including: Pb, Ag, In, Cu, Cd, Au, and Zn are enriched by 1.5–2.5 orders of magnitude in comparison to the bulk continental crust. Other elements such as Sn, Mo, and As are at near-crustal concentrations, whereas Mn, Ga, and Co are significantly depleted in comparison to the crust. Calculated metal concentrations in the average hydrothermal fluid based on the average metal contents are comparable to, or higher than those measured at sediment covered ridge hydrothermal systems, which precipitate much of their metal budget in the subsurface. Average rare earth element contents for the sulfide are light rare earth element enriched (La_N/Yb_N=22) and range from 0.45 to 0.02x chondritic values, with a moderate negative Eu anomaly (Eu*=0.51). Metal and trace element contents in the Ruttan exhalite horizon, and in proximal (within 1–2 km) exhalites along strike from the 0.6 million tonne Dar-2 Cu–Zn deposit 12 km south of Ruttan, have positive Eu anomalies, whereas negative Eu anomalies are present at distance. The positive Eu anomalies reflect high temperature paleoseafloor hydrothermal venting and precipitation of Eu²⁺-enriched clays and possibly carbonates, and indicate proximity to base-metal deposits. Silver and lead are also enriched in the exhalites near the deposits, whereas Mn is enriched at ~1–3 km along strike, but not consistently. Editorial handling: B. Gemmel An erratum to this article is available at .     

长江口崇明岛滩地重金属元素分布探讨

该文通过对长江口崇明岛滩地柱状样进行^210Pb和^137Cs以及11个重金属元素的测试，以探讨重金属元素在河口滩地中的沉积与迁移过程，剖析其分布规律，从而为崇明岛滩涂资源的合理规划、利用提供科学依据。研究发现70年代以来的沉积物中重金属元素含量普遍高于70年代以前。在空间上，堡镇附近重金属元素含量比崇明岛其它地方明显要高，在岛上的另一个主要城镇城桥附近，重金属元素没有显示高值，反映重金属含量与径、潮流的淘洗作用有关。