安徽蚌埠—五河地区与胶东地区金矿床成矿地质背景对比研究

在总结前人研究成果的基础上,对比研究了郯庐断裂带两侧的蚌埠—五河地区与胶东地区金矿床的成矿地质背景。研究认为,蚌埠—五河地区基底地层古元古宙五河杂岩Au丰度较高,但明显低于胶东地区太古宙胶东群;蚌埠—五河地区燕山期岩浆岩虽广泛发育,但岩浆作用及与之相关的郯庐断裂系发育程度和活动性均弱于胶东地区;蚌埠—五河地区岩浆岩成岩物质示踪表明岩浆主要来源于扬子克拉通下地壳,而胶东地区的成岩成矿作用因受深大断裂的影响而有深部幔源物质的广泛参与;蚌埠—五河地区控矿的主干断裂构造随着远离郯庐断裂带向西发育程度逐渐减弱,但胶东地区左行平移断裂系广泛发育且存在多期次活动。因此,安徽蚌埠—五河地区和胶东地区在基底地层、岩浆岩、壳幔作用及控矿断裂构造等方面差异明显,这可能是导致两侧金矿床成矿作用差异的主要原因。     

湖北省红石地区叶家小湾金矿基本特征及找矿模型

红石地区叶家小湾金矿形成于燕山晚期，成矿流体主要来自岩浆期后热液。断裂和岩浆岩是两大重要的成矿地质条件。控矿构造为北东向断裂，花岗岩是金矿的有利赋矿围岩。成矿物质来自深部，与燕山晚期 浆活动密切相关，叶家小湾金矿综合找矿模型的建立，对于在红石地区开展找金（银）工作具有重要指导作用。     

辽东地区金矿床类型、成矿特征及找矿潜力

辽东地区是我国重要的金矿集区之一,中生代构造、岩浆活动强烈,并伴生强烈的金成矿作用。根据金矿床时空分布及成矿特征,将辽东地区划分为三个金矿集区:青城子、五龙、猫岭。矿集区内金矿包括石英脉型金矿和蚀变岩型金矿这两种类型,并分别受高角度断裂和低角度断裂构造体系控制。辽东地区金矿成矿时代主要为早白垩世,少量早侏罗世。已有H-O同位素、成矿流体及地质研究表明:(1)区内金成矿与中生代岩浆活动有关、受断裂构造控制,并以强烈硅化-绢云母化为特征标志;(2)区内金矿床属于岩浆热液型矿床;(3)充填作用和混合作用可能是辽东地区金矿床成矿物质沉淀的机制。辽东地区金矿成矿系统按其产出环境及特点,可分为两个亚系统:产于中生代花岗质岩体内岩浆热液金成矿系统(五龙式)及产于古元古代变质岩中岩浆热液金成矿系统(青城子式、猫岭式)。结合区域找矿进展和近期研究工作,建立了辽东地区金矿找矿预测地质模型,认为本区具有与胶东地区相似的金矿成矿条件,成矿潜力巨大,研究工作对区域矿产勘查部署工作有指导意义。     

安徽五河地区河口铅金矿成矿地质条件及成矿模式

矿床地质特征及成矿条件分析是同地区寻找同类矿床的重要手段。在总结前人研究成果的基础上,对安徽五河河口铅金矿的矿床地质特征、成矿条件、控矿因素和成矿模式进行详细讨论,认为太古宇变质基底既是该矿床的赋矿层位,又是原始矿源岩系;主要控矿因素为断裂构造,尤其是北北东—北东向和南北向断裂。推测其成矿模式为地壳物质经深部熔融、重融作用形成高温混合花岗状岩浆熔融体,侵入到地壳上层岩石,在结晶过程中,富集的气化高温初始混合岩浆上升到已冷凝或亚凝固的花岗状岩石,发生碱交代作用,导致已固化岩石中的成矿组分浸出,伴随再平衡岩浆充填交代成矿。研究结果可供五河地区寻找同类矿床参考。     

安徽五河县天井湖铅金矿床成矿地质特征及控矿因素

天井湖铅金矿是中型铅金共生矿床,处于近EW向蚌埠隆起和NNE向郯庐断裂带交叉复合部位,区内构造及岩浆岩发育,成矿地质条件良好。为了分析天井湖铅金矿床的控矿因素并建立成矿模式,在调研近期勘查成果并充分收集前人资料的基础上,总结了天井湖铅金矿床的成矿地质特征,研究了天井湖铅金矿区及五河地区的地层、构造、岩浆岩等控矿因素。天井湖铅金矿床主要控矿因素是NNE—NE向、SN向断裂;西堌堆岩组沉积-变质岩系是该矿床的赋矿地层;中酸性脉岩和规模较大的岩体对含矿热液的形成、成矿物质的活化和运移具有重要意义;西堌堆岩组及五河岩群为断裂活动提供了空间,并为金矿成矿提供了部分物质来源。该成果完善了五河地区金矿成矿模式,为该地区寻找同类型矿床提供理论指导。     

西秦岭金矿床成因类型及地质特征

西秦岭地区处于极为特殊的大地构造位置,地质构造复杂,断裂、褶皱发育,岩浆活动强烈,变质作用复杂,具备良好的成矿地质条件。该区金矿床同其构造单元、断裂构造带、地层岩石、侵入岩浆岩一样,呈有规律的带状分布,从南至北依次为碧口—阳坝等６个成矿带。西秦岭金矿床具有类型复杂、控矿条件复杂等特点。其控矿因素主要是断裂构造,其次为中酸性、酸性侵入岩体和地层岩性。依据矿床地质特征、控矿条件、成矿机理,西秦岭金矿床共分为岩浆热液型、变质热液型、混合热液型等３种成因类型。西秦岭的最佳找矿地区是德乌鲁—柴家庄及大沟里—安家岔—小沟里两个金矿带。     

西秦岭地区的硅质岩及其成矿

西秦岭地区广泛分布与硅质岩有关的有色和贵金属矿床,特别是一些大型、超大型铅锌（铜）金矿床,这些矿床的容矿岩石为硅质岩,长期以来大多数学者都认为该类矿床是同生热水沉积矿床。基于前人研究成果．本文重,点研究了西成铅锌金矿集区、风太铅锌（铜）金矿集区和大水金矿集区的成矿地质背景、硅质岩与矿化的关系、硅质岩及成矿物质来源、成岩成矿时代、花岗岩与成矿关系、控矿构造和赋矿构造、围岩蚀变等7个方面的地质地球化学特征。认为该类矿床应属后生构造-岩浆-热液矿床。     

西秦岭李坝金矿床地质、同位素地球化学及其成因探讨

李坝金矿床位于西秦岭造山带中的礼-岷矿集区内,赋矿围岩为泥盆系浅变质细碎屑岩,矿床产于中川岩体的外侧热接触变质带内,矿体主要受断裂破碎带控制。本文在李坝金矿床地质特征研究的基础上,对赋矿围岩、花岗斑岩岩脉、矿石硫化物进行了LA-MC-ICPMS原位微区硫同位素测试及化学溶样法分析,对不同地质体的铅同位素进行了系统测定与示踪,测定了成矿流体的氢-氧同位素组成,并对与矿体相伴产出花岗斑岩脉进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年。研究表明,李坝金矿床花岗斑岩脉中黄铁矿δ34S值范围为8.19‰~10.06‰,赋矿围岩中金属硫化物δ34S值范围为4.94‰~9.81‰,矿石硫化物的δ34S值范围为4.94‰~10.82‰,矿石硫化物的硫同位素组成与矿区花岗斑岩及赋矿围岩的硫同位素组成相似,暗示成矿流体中的硫源主要来自受改造或变质的地层岩石与岩浆热液硫的混合。不同地质体的铅同位素组成变化范围较小,在Zartman铅构造模式图解中,样品投影点均落于造山带与上地壳演化线附近,矿石铅投影点与赋矿围岩及矿区岩脉的投影点重合,表明矿石中的铅可能来源于赋矿围岩和岩浆作用的混合。氢-氧同位素研究表明,成矿流体可能为变质流体、岩浆流体及地层建造水的混合热流体。矿区花岗斑岩脉与矿体相伴产出,花岗斑岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为223 Ma,与金矿化时间一致,暗示成矿作用与岩浆活动同时发生。李坝金矿床与矿区岩浆岩同为造山作用的产物,并且其矿床地质特征、同位素地球化学特征与造山型金矿床相似,为形成于秦岭造山带由碰撞向伸展转变环境下成矿物质来源复杂的造山型金矿床。     

甘肃阳山金矿构造控矿模式

阳山金矿位于扬子板块与秦岭造山带结合带上,矿体赋存于泥盆系三河口群浅变质碎屑岩建造中.矿床受地层、构造以及早侏罗世岩浆活动的共同控制,其中构造控制着岩浆、成矿流体的活动以及矿体的就位,为主要控矿因素.该矿床主要受安昌河-观音坝断裂带控制,带内一系列次级层间剪切带或次级断裂是金矿体的有利赋矿部位.成矿年代学研究及矿区构造应力分析表明,阳山金矿最终形成于第三纪早期,成矿前矿区应力以近SN向挤压为主,成矿期以NE向挤压为主,且应力大小与金矿化成正比.     

安徽省五河地区金矿地质特征及成因探讨

安徽省五河地区有钱台子、西坂、硖石三个小型金矿在开采,多处金矿点正在勘查。区内成矿地质件较好。太古界五河岩群西崮堆组是金矿有利的成矿围岩和矿源层。郯庐断裂带及其次级构造控制金矿体分布,燕山期岩浆热液流体沿断裂系统充填为大量的岩脉和含金石英脉,形成中—低温热液型金矿床。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.