大震速报歌诀

大震速报歌诀胡瑞华（中国湖北省武汉地震台４３００７１）凡国内５级、边邻６级、世界７级以上大地震发生后，我国地震台网应在１．５小时之内，最后报出地震参数，因此，各台站报出的速度，直接影响速报中心的工作。武汉地震台建台至今有３０年历史，一贯重视大震速报工...     

新疆地震台网中心速报卡信息提取软件研制

新疆地震台网中心速报卡信息提取软件根据大震应急快速反应的相关要求,结合震情值班室工作实际,提取正式速报卡信息内容,提高了大震应急短信的发布速度。     

琼中地震台计算震级与中国地震台网中心测算震级差异的探讨

震级是大震速报中最重要的参数之一,震级差异的大小直接影响到资料的使用及台站的速报质量。本文根据琼中地震台近8年的记录资料中260例地震进行精确分析,与中国地震台网中心所发布的地震震级进行对比,对震级差异形成的原因进行探讨,初步得出琼中地震台的震级校正值,有利于提高琼中地震台速报地震震级的准确性。     

云南区域地震台网网缘及邻省(国) 中强震速报定位

利用云南区域数字地震台网46个地震台的记录资料,将2002-2008年间云南区域数字地震台网速报的、震中位于云南省界外300 km以内邻省(国)的中强震速报定位参数,与中国地震台网中心正式速报结果(M≥5.0)(中国地震台网大震速报目录,2002-2007年)及云南地震台网正式速报结果作比较(M＜5.0),总结速报分析...     

新疆数字化地震台网业务运行管理系统

新疆数字化地震台网业务运行管理系统具有对地震台站业务考评、网络及设备信息、台站参数、系统运维、数据共享、大震速报、速报编目数据统计和台网资料等信息管理功能。该系统在Windows 7系统环境下,使用MyEclipse平台和MySQL数据库通过JSP技术开发动态Web Service系统,使用Delphi XE10环境开发移动APP。在新疆地震台网投入运行后,解决了日常业务中台站与台站、台网与台站数据和信息交换困难的问题,有效提高了新疆地震台网的运行质量监管力度,方便用户使用各类数据,有较好的推广应用价值。     

大震地震序列自动地震速报结果分析——以云南漾濞6.4级和青海玛多7.4级地震为例

根据国家台网中心自动地震速报系统在云南漾濞和青海玛多2个地区的台网监测能力,选取2个地区2021年5月18—29日的地震序列,对自动地震速报系统进行性能分析。国家台网中心自动地震速报系统基本实现1min内的单路自动地震速报信息初次产出,根据地震台网密度的不同,产出时间从30～60s不等。与地震编目结果相比,云南漾濞地震序列震中位置偏差较小,青海玛多地震序列震中位置偏差较大,2个地震序列震级偏差不大。青海玛多地震序列震中位置偏差较大的原因是该区域台站稀少且空隙角较大。自动地震速报系统存在少量的漏报地震,与系统定位时信噪比较低、台站空隙角较大及多个地震混叠在一起有关。     

一九八六年全国大震速报质量评比结果在烟台市揭晓

1987年6月4—8日在山东省烟台市举行了全国(1986年度)大震速报质量评比会。 参加会议的有来自全国30个地震速报台站的代表,国家地震局科技监测司以及技术管理单位——国家地震局分析预报中心的代表。对26个地震速报台站的速报质量进行了评比。     

辽宁省强震台网的大震应急

为适应辽宁省强震台网大震应急工作的需要,本文利用Excel平台,研制了一套适于强震台网实际工作,同时具备地震烈度展示、报表输出、记录上传、台站基础资料提供和波形显示等功能的大震应急系统,为政府大震应急决策提供可靠的依据。     

数字台网测定跨时段记录面波震级的一种方法

成都数字遥测地震台网建成后 ,大震监测和速报能力明显提高 ,功能得到增强 ,还为地震预测研究和基础研究提供了大动态、高分辨、线性度好、便于存储交换和计算机智能化处理的数字观测数据。数字台网连续记录波形的方式是以一小时为长度保存一个文件的 ,在速报工作中经常会遇到这样一个问题 :对于震级相对较大的地震 ,如果初至波到时记录在前一个小时文件中 ,而面波出现在后一个小时文件中 ,(地震触发事件设定记录长度最长为 60分钟 ,但随着记录波形的衰减 ,一般波形记录最长为 2 0分钟 )。对于这样的地震 ,直接使用数字台网记录中心现有软件…     

兰州台数字记录速报震级偏差的分析

震级是大震速报中最基本的参数之一,震级偏差的大小直接影响资料的使用及台站的速报质量。本文根据兰州地震台测震数字化记录3年的资料,对此期间所发生的158例中强地震的震级进行统计,与《中国地震台网观测报告》提供的标准震级进行对比,对其偏差形成的几种因素进行分析,初步得出校正值,有利于提高兰州台速报地震震级的准确性。     

浙江省北部及邻区中强地震前地倾斜异常特征及其预测意义

解释并讨论了湖州和宁波台１９９３年以来的地倾斜资料,总结了震前有异常显示的６次地震。发现：①异常在现场记录资料中均有显示,异常形态的识别对预报地震有重要的意义;②能观测到异常全过程的倾斜仪与震中的距离基本符合式ｌｇＤｊ＝０．３０３（ＭＳ＋１．６）给出的监测能力半径,大于这个半径的台有时也能观测到异常,但多为短临异常。如果震前记录到异常的全过程,则利用单台资料可能对地震三要素进行预测。     

Some space gravity formulas and the dimensions and the mass of the Earth

Summary Adopting thePizzetti-Somigliana method and using elliptic integrals we have obtained closed formulas for the space gravity field in which one of the equipotential surfaces is a triaxial ellipsoid. The same formulas are also obtained in first approximation of the equatorial flattening avoiding the use of the elliptic integrals. Using data from satellites and Earth gravity data the gravitational and geometric bulge of the Earth's equator are computed. On the basis of these results and on the basis of recent gravity data taken around the equator between the longitudes 50° to 100° E, 155° to 180° E, and 145° to 180° W, we question the advantage of using a triaxial gravity formula and a triaxial ellipsoid in geodesy. Closed formulas for the space field in which a biaxial ellipsoid is an equipotential surface are also derived in polar coordinates and its parameters are specialized to give the international gravity formula values on the international ellipsoid. The possibility to compute the Earth's dimensions from the present Earth gravity data is the discussed and the value ofMG=(3.98603×10²⁰ cm³ sec^–2) (M mass of the Earth,G gravitational constant) is computed. The agreement of this value with others computed from the mean distance Earth-Moon is discussed. The Legendre polinomials series expansion of the gravitational potential is also added. In this series the coefficients of the polinomials are closed formulas in terms of the flattening andMG.Publication Number 327, and Istituto di Geodesia e Geofisica of Università di Trieste.     

Pore water testing and analysis: the good,the bad,and the ugly

The increasingly common practice of collecting and assessing sediment pore water as a primary measure of sediment quality is reviewed. Good features of this practice include: pore water is a key exposure route for some organisms associated with sediments; pore water testing eliminates particle size effects; pore water analyses and tests can provide useful information regarding contamination and pollution. Bad features include: pore water is not the only exposure route; pore water tests lack chemical or biological realism: their "sensitivity" relative to other tests may be meaningless due to manipulation and laboratory artifacts; many sediment and surface dwelling organisms are not directly influenced by pore water. Bad features can become ugly if: other exposure pathways are not considered (for toxicity or bioaccumulation); manipulation techniques are not appropriate; pore water tests are inappropriately linked to population-level effects. Pore water testing and analyses can be effective tools provided their limitations are well understood by researchers and managers.     

喜马拉雅地区与天山地区地壳强地震的孕震因素探讨

利用哈佛大学GCMT数据中心和前人积累的历史地震资料(1962~2016年M W>4.0地震)以及Crust2.0地壳结构统计分析了喜马拉雅地区、天山地区的地壳区域构造与地震活动间的相关性。此外,利用GFZ地学研究中心提供的静态卫星重力模型GGM03S/EGM2008和地形模型Topo计算了2个地区的各类重力异常场,同时还模拟了不同地壳弹性参数下的重力异常场,结果表明喜马拉雅地区重力异常场在水平、垂直方向的梯度特征远大于天山地区的异常特征,且喜马拉雅地区的有效弹性板厚度Te(6~15km)小于天山地区的有效弹性板厚度Te(20~30km)。最后,利用喜马拉雅地区与天山地区的GPS震间三维形变场约束了断层运动模型,结果显示两者主前缘断裂的断层闭锁深度及应力积累状态存在较大的差异。因此认为,造成青藏高原及邻区的边界地壳区域地震活动性差异的动力学因素,与地壳有效弹性板厚度、孕震断层参数及区域应力积累状态等密切相关。     

地震活动性与日月引潮力相关性统计分析

基于ISC地震记录,利用天体动力学中二体问题的轨道方程和摄动理论,确定发震时刻太阳在地面的投影点位置,并进一步计算出太阳相对震中的地心天顶距,将地震按天顶距的大小进行统计,得到地震的太阳天顶距地震频度分布。同样的方法,可得地震的月球天顶距地震频度分布。统计发现:地震的太阳天顶距地震频度和月球天顶距地震频度分布表现出一致的规律性,且较大地震和小地震的活动规律不同,较大地震丛集发生在太阳(月球)天顶距0°和180°附近,与地面引潮力的绝对值分布有较好的一致性;而小地震多丛集在太阳(月球)天顶距60°和120°附近。在此基础上,我们对地震的日月天顶距同时进行统计,建立了日月天顶距地震概率密度分布,结果表明,日月投影点及其对蹠点周围,较大地震发生的概率较高。     

New paleomagnetic data on the Anabar Uplift and the Uchur-Maya region and their implications for the paleogeography and geological correlation of the Riphean of the Siberian Platform

The results of paleomagnetic studies of the reference sections of the Riphean and Late Proterozoic intrusive bodies of two remote areas of the Siberian Platform are presented. Within the limits of the Uchur-Maya region the sedimentary rocks of the Gonam, Omakhta, Ennin and Konder formations were studied; and the Riphean sedimentary rocks of the Burdur and Kotuykan formations on the northern and western slopes of the Anabar Uplift and, also, the Late Proterozoic intrusive complexes, located in the basins of the Fomich, Magan, Dzhogdzho and Kotuykan Rivers were studied. The paleomagnetic poles obtained in the course of this work and the present-day geochronological data give grounds to assume that: (1) the accumulation of the Riphean of the Anabar Uplift occurred after the formation of the Uchurskaya series of the Uchur-Maya region and was completed in approximately 1.5 Ga; (2) the Konder layers, compared according to the correlation pattern accepted at the present time [Semikhatov and Serebryakov, 1983] with the bottoms of the Totta formation, can be related to the appreciably more ancient stratigraphic level; (3) the intrusion of the studied intrusive bodies of the northern and western slopes of the Anabar Uplift occurred nonsimultaneously, although within close time intervals of approximately 1.5 Ga. The estimates of the kinematic parameters of the drift of the Siberian Platform within an interval of 1.7–1.0 Ga is carried out.     

太行山与燕山交汇部位的地壳厚度与泊松比分布特征

本文搜集了2001—2013年间在太行山与燕山构造带交汇部位先后布设的4个宽频带流动地震台阵和首都圈固定地震台网共192个台站记录到的全球5.5级以上远震事件波形资料,综合采用接收函数H-κ和CCP叠加分析获得了134个基岩台站下方的地壳厚度和泊松比结果.综合分析与前人研究相吻合但更加精细的地壳约束分布信息,发现研究区域的地壳厚度和泊松比在整体上呈现出从西北到东南方向渐变的特征,在南北重力梯度带两侧及其附近呈现出明显的小尺度地壳结构和物质组分的差异,且可明显区分出太行山地区和燕山构造带及盆山交界处的地壳厚度与泊松比的相对差异,这可能反映了这些地区在华北克拉通的构造演化过程中所经历的不同地壳改造过程.     

Crustal and upper mantle structure and the deep seismogenic environment in the source regions of the Lushan earthquake and the Wenchuan earthquake

Following the M w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, the M w 6.6 Lushan earthquake is another devastating earthquake that struck the Longmenshan Fault Zone (LFZ) and caused severe damages. In this study, we collected continuous broadband ambient noise seismic data and earthquake event data from Chinese provincial digital seismic network, and then utilized ambient noise tomography method and receiver function method to obtain high resolution shear wave velocity structure, crustal thickness, and Poisson ratio in the earthquake source region and its surroundings. Based on the tomography images and the receiver function results, we further analyzed the deep seismogenic environment of the LFZ and its neighborhood. We reveal three main findings: (1) There is big contrast of the shear wave velocities across the LFZ. (2) Both the Lushan earthquake and the Wenchuan earthquake occurred in the regions where crustal shear wave velocity and crustal thickness change dramatically. The rupture faults and the aftershock zones are also concentrated in the areas where the lateral gradients of crustal seismic wave speed and crustal thickness change significantly, and the focal depths of the earthquakes are concentrated in the transitional depths where shear wave velocities change dramatically from laterally uniform to laterally non-uniform. (3) The Wenchuan earthquake and its aftershocks occurred in low Poisson ratio region, while the Lushan earthquake sequences are located in high Poisson ratio zone. We proposed that the effect of the dramatic lateral variation of shear wave velocity, and the gravity potential energy differences caused by the big contrast in the topography and the crustal thickness across the LFZ may constitute the seismogenic environment for the strong earthquakes in the LFZ, and the Poisson ratio difference between the rocks in the south and north segments of the Longmenshan Fault zone may explain the 5 years delay of the occurrence of the Lushan earthquake than the Wenchuan earthquake.     

福建沿海、台湾海峡GPS观测分析及地球动力学特征研究

利用 3期GPS联测结果所获得的福建沿海地壳水平运动信息 ,采用ITRF94全球框架为基础的GPS测站地壳运动模型及其处理软件 ,对所获得的观测数据进行处理和精度分析。得到福建省高精度的GPS测站大地坐标、边长及其位移矢量 ,其精度达到 1 7×10 - 8。计算了福建地壳运动速率、主应变率 ,东西与南北向线应变率、面应变率、剪应变率、大地转动率和最大剪应变率等值线并给出了它们的分布图象。根据多年形变和现今GPS观测资料 ,分析福建地壳垂直运动与水平运动 ,显示区域应力场优势分布特征。最后 ,对福建沿海及台湾海峡地壳动力学特征作了初步的探讨