基于非局部贝叶斯地震数据随机噪声压制方法（英文）

针对地震数据随机噪声压制问题,本文提出一种基于非局部贝叶斯(Non-local Bayes algorithm)的滤波方法。NLBayes方法使用高斯模型代替NL-means方法中使用全部相似数据块的加权平均,减少对数据结构细节的平滑效应,从而改善去噪效果。在地震数据去噪处理中,根据噪声的方差自适应的计算数据块的大小和高斯模型中数据块的数量,经过两次迭代实现地震数据去噪。第二次迭代中使用第一次迭代去噪后的数据来计算高斯模型块的无偏差均值和协方差,以提高数据块的相似度,使得去噪效果更理想。通过对模型数据和实际数据测试表明,NL-Bayes方法能有效提高地震数据信噪比和满足数据保真性处理的要求。     

基于f-x域流式预测滤波器的地震随机噪声衰减方法

随机噪声的影响在地震勘探中是不可避免的,常规的随机噪声压制方法在处理中往往会破坏具有时空变化特征的非平稳有效地震信号,影响地震数据的准确成像.当前油气勘探的目标已经转变为“两宽一高”,随着数据量的增大,对去噪方法的处理效率也提出了更高的要求.因此,开发高效的非平稳地震数据随机噪声压制方法具有重要意义.预测滤波技术广泛用于地震随机噪声的衰减,本文基于流式处理框架提出一种新的f-x域流式预测滤波方法,通过在频率域建立预测自回归方程,运用直接复数矩阵逆运算代替迭代算法求解非平稳滤波器系数,实现时空变地震同相轴预测,提高自适应预测滤波的计算效率.通过与工业标准的FXDECON方法和f-x域正则化非平稳自回归(RNA)方法进行对比,理论模型和实际数据的测试结果表明,提出的f-x域流式预测滤波方法能更好地平衡时空变有效信号保护、随机噪声压制和高效计算三者之间的关系,获得合理的处理效果.     

压制空间非平稳地震勘探随机噪声的ROAD径向时频峰值滤波算法

径向时频峰值滤波算法是一种有效保持低信噪比地震勘探记录中反射同相轴的随机噪声压制方法,但该算法对空间非平稳地震勘探随机噪声压制效果不理想.本文研究空间非平稳地震勘探随机噪声,即各道噪声功率不同的地震勘探随机噪声,其在径向滤波轨线上表征近似脉冲噪声,在径向时频峰值滤波过程中干扰相邻道滤波结果.为了减小空间非平稳随机噪声的影响,本文提出一种基于绝对级差统计量(ROAD)的径向时频峰值滤波随机噪声压制方法.该方法首先根据径向轨线上信号的绝对级差统计量检测空间非平稳地震勘探随机噪声,然后结合局部时频峰值滤波和径向时频峰值滤波压制地震勘探记录中的随机噪声.将ROAD径向时频峰值滤波方法应用于合成记录和实际共炮点地震记录,结果表明ROAD径向时频峰值滤波方法可以压制空间非平稳地震勘探随机噪声且不损害有效信号,有效抑制随机噪声空间非平稳对滤波结果的影响.与径向时频峰值滤波相比,ROAD径向时频峰值滤波方法更适用于空间非平稳地震勘探随机噪声压制.     

低信噪比地震资料FDOC-seislet变换阈值消噪方法研究

地震数据本质上是时变的,不仅有效同相轴表现出确定性信号的时变特征,而且复杂地表和构造条件以及深部探测环境总是引入时变的非平稳随机噪声.标准的频率-空间域预测滤波只适合压制平面波信号假设下的平稳随机噪声,而处理非平稳地震随机噪声时,需要将数据体分割为小窗口进行分析,但效果不够理想,而传统非预测类随机噪声压制方法往往适应性不高,因此开发能够保护地震信号时变特征的随机噪声压制方法具有重要的工业价值.压缩感知是近年出现的一个新的采样理论,通过开发信号的稀疏特性,已经在地震数据处理中的数据插值以及噪声压制中得到了应用.本文系统地分析了压缩感知理论框架下的地震随机噪声压制问题,建立了阈值消噪的数学反演目标函数;针对时变有效信息具有的可压缩性,利用有限差分算法求解炮检距连续方程,构建有限差分炮检距连续预测算子(FDOC),在seislet变换框架下,提出一种新的快速稀疏变换域———FDOC-seislet变换,实现地震数据的高度稀疏表征;结合非平稳随机噪声不可压缩的特征,提出了一种整形迭代消噪方法,该方法是一种广义的迭代收缩阈值(IST)算法,在无法计算稀疏变换伴随算子的条件下,仍然能够对强噪声环境中的时变有效信息进行有效恢复.通过对模型数据和实际数据的处理,验证了FDOC-seislet稀疏变换域随机噪声迭代压制方法能够在保护复杂构造地震波信息的前提下,有效地衰减原始数据中的强振幅随机噪声干扰.     

基于深度卷积自编码网络地震数据去噪方法

在采集得到地震数据中,随机噪声常常与有效信号混合在一起,并且毫无规律,使用常规去噪方法不能够达到理想的效果,影响后续的地震数据处理工作.为有效压制地震数据中的随机噪声,本文根据深度学习的相关理论,提出了一种基于深度卷积自编码网络的数据驱动的去噪方法,可以解决随机噪声难以去除的问题.在卷积自编码器的基础之上,网络使用了较多的层数并加入跳跃连接构造,从而增加了网络的深度,能够提取并结合数据中深层与浅层特征,增强对随机噪声的处理能力,更好地恢复有效信号的细节.经过实验证明该方法对于不同水平的随机噪声的压制均有优异的表现,在去噪的效果上远超中值滤波、小波变换等传统去噪方法,同时也比经典的DnCNN网络更加优秀,能够完整地保留有效信号,极大提升地震数据的质量.     

基于复数域混合SVD滤波方法及在随机噪声压制中的应用

在低信噪比地震资料处理中,压制随机噪声是其中的关键处理环节.传统的频率空间域预测滤波方法,容易使得去噪后高频段的有效信号严重畸变,不利于进一步提高分辨率.为此,提出了一种基于复数域混合SVD滤波法压制三维地震数据中随机干扰的方法,该方法首先在时空域对地震数据作傅里叶变换,再依据Eigenimage滤波法与Cadzow滤波法建立混合Hankel矩阵,然后对其运行奇异值分解,最后通过秩约化的方法来压制随机干扰.理论模型和实际地震数据的应用表明:该方法可有效地去除随机噪声,保护有效波,明显地改善了叠后三维地震资料的信噪比.     

基于分块字典学习理论的地震数据去噪

随着油气勘探观测环境愈发复杂,采集的地震数据常常掺杂各种噪声信号,导致勘探目标引起的有效微弱信号被覆盖,严重影响高精度的地震勘探数据解译,因而有效的压制地震勘探数据噪声显得越发重要。本文采用字典学习策略,将复杂地震数据进行分块,通过分块数据的字典学习获取字典原子,构建高精度的字典学习地震数据稀疏表示,通过两次迭代更新字典原子,进行数据去噪。将本文的字典学习算法应用于含随机噪声的模拟数据和实测地震勘探数据处理,验证该算法的可行性及有效性。结果表明,本文算法有效去除了随机噪声,保留了有效信号同相轴,提高了信噪比,可为复杂含噪地震数据的去噪处理提供新的技术手段。      

基于经验模态分解的分数维地震随机噪声衰减方法

经验模态分解算法(EMD)是一种基于有效波和噪声尺度差异进行波场分离的随机噪声压制方法,但由于实际地震数据波场复杂,导致模态混叠较严重,仅凭该方法进行去噪很难达到理想效果.本文基于EMD算法对信号多尺度的分解特性,结合Hausdorff维数约束条件,提出一种用于地震随机噪声衰减的新方法.首先对地震数据进行EMD自适应分解,得到一系列具有不同尺度的、分形自相似性的固有模态分量(IMF);在此基础上,基于有效信号和随机噪声的Hausdorff维数差异,识别混有随机噪声的IMF分量,对该分量进行相关的阈值滤波处理,从而实现有效信号和随机噪声的有效分离.文中从仿真信号试验出发,到模型地震数据和实际地震数据的测试处理,同时与传统的EMD处理结果相对比.结果表明,本文方法对地震随机噪声的衰减有更佳的压制效果.     

基于Noise-to-Noise自监督学习的地震数据去噪方法

在地震勘探采集到的地震数据中不可避免的存在随机噪声,而高信噪比的地震数据是地震资料反演和解释的基础.因此随机噪声压制一直是地震资料处理中的重要工作.近些年来,随着深度学习技术的发展,基于卷积神经网络的地震数据去噪方法已经取得了丰硕的成果.常规的监督学习策略需要获取无噪数据作为标签,然而从实际地震数据中获取无噪数据只能通过传统去噪方法进行预处理,以此方法构建标签数据的监督学习去噪网络必然受构建数据集的去噪方法影响.针对此问题,本文提出了一种基于Noise-to-Noise自监督学习的地震数据去噪方法,该方法通过对实际地震数据添加不同等级的噪声构建训练数据集,仅需要含噪地震数据即可训练去噪网络.合成数据测试和实际数据测试表明,本文方法可以有效去除地震数据中的随机噪声,性能优于受数据集构建方法所限的监督学习去噪方法和传统去噪方法.     

基于非平稳相似性系数的构造导向滤波及断层检测方法

不连续地质体（如断层）的自动检测一直以来都是叠后地震数据解释中的关键问题之一,尤其在三维情况中尤为重要.然而,大多数边缘检测和相干算法都对随机噪声很敏感,随机噪声衰减是叠后地震数据解释的另一个主要问题.针对构造保护去噪和断层检测问题,本文基于非平稳相似性系数完善一种构造导向滤波方法并且提出一种自动断层检测方法,形成了一套匹配的处理技术.该构造导向滤波既能够有效地衰减随机噪声又可以很好地保护地震资料中的断层等信息不被破坏,增强地震剖面中弯曲、倾斜同相轴的连续性.根据地震数据局部倾角走向,利用相邻道构建当前地震道的预测,通过预测道的叠加得到参考道,计算预测道与参考道之间的非平稳相似性系数可以设计出数据驱动的加权中值滤波.另一方面,预测道与原始道之间的非平稳相似性系数能够用于带有断层指示性的相干分析.这两种方法都基于构造预测和非平稳相似性系数,但是使用不同的调节参数和处理方案.理论模型和实际数据的处理结果证明了本文提出构造导向滤波和断层检测方法的有效性.     

Applications of Savitzky-Golay Filter for Seismic Random Noise Reduction

This article utilizes Savitzky–Golay (SG) filter to eliminate seismic random noise. This is a novel method for seismic random noise reduction in which SG filter adopts piecewise weighted polynomial via leastsquares estimation. Therefore, effective smoothing is achieved in extracting the original signal from noise environment while retaining the shape of the signal as close as possible to the original one. Although there are lots of classical methods such as Wiener filtering and wavelet denoising applied to eliminate seismic random noise, the SG filter outperforms them in approximating the true signal. SG filter will obtain a good tradeoff in waveform smoothing and valid signal preservation under suitable conditions. These are the appropriate window size and the polynomial degree. Through examples from synthetic seismic signals and field seismic data, we demonstrate the good performance of SG filter by comparing it with the Wiener filtering and wavelet denoising methods.     

Structural complexity-guided predictive filtering

Random noise attenuation utilizing predictive filtering achieves great performance in denoising seismic data. Conventional predictive filtering methods are based on fixed filter operators and neglect the complexity of structures. In this way, the denoised data cannot meet the requirement of balancing the signal preservation and noise removal. In this study, we proposed a structural complexity-guided predictive filtering method that utilizes an adapted filter operator to adjust the changes of structural complexity. The proposed structural complexity-guided predictive filtering mainly consists of two stages. A slope field information is acquired according to plane-wave destruction to assess the structural complexity. In addition, an adaptive filter operator is obtained to denoise the seismic data according to the adaptive factor. Both synthetic data and real seismic profiles are employed to examine the denoising capacity and flexibility of the refined predictive filtering using adaptive lengths. The analysis of the predicted results shows that adaptive predictive filtering is powerful and has the ability to eliminate random noises with negligible distortions.     

Inversion-based data-driven time-space domain random noise attenuation method

Conventional time-space domain and frequency-space domain prediction filtering methods assume that seismic data consists of two parts, signal and random noise. That is, the so-called additive noise model. However, when estimating random noise, it is assumed that random noise can be predicted from the seismic data by convolving with a prediction error filter. That is, the source-noise model. Model inconsistencies, before and after denoising, compromise the noise attenuation and signal-preservation performances of prediction filtering methods. Therefore, this study presents an inversion-based time-space domain random noise attenuation method to overcome the model inconsistencies. In this method, a prediction error filter (PEF), is first estimated from seismic data; the filter characterizes the predictability of the seismic data and adaptively describes the seismic data’s space structure. After calculating PEF, it can be applied as a regularized constraint in the inversion process for seismic signal from noisy data. Unlike conventional random noise attenuation methods, the proposed method solves a seismic data inversion problem using regularization constraint; this overcomes the model inconsistency of the prediction filtering method. The proposed method was tested on both synthetic and real seismic data, and results from the prediction filtering method and the proposed method are compared. The testing demonstrated that the proposed method suppresses noise effectively and provides better signal-preservation performance.     

基于方向可控滤波的地震勘探随机噪声压制

针对地震勘探随机噪声的压制,本文应用拉伸厄米特高斯函数设计出方向可控滤波器.根据时空域上随机噪声的无方向性与有效信号的有向性的区别,通过局部数字特征,对数据进行选择后重组信号.方向选择性的增加,使得滤波过程能与不同方向的轴进行匹配,噪声被压制的同时保持信号的幅度;方向可调性,使得计算效率提高,且所需存储空间减少.仿真实验表明,采用此方法,信号保幅性和去噪效果均比传统的小波算法以及Curvelet变换好,在-5db信噪比下,本文方法保幅度为92.99%,信噪比提升221.774%,在实际地震信号处理中有明显的抑制噪声、保持有用信号的效果.     

基于SW统计量的自适应时频峰值滤波压制地震勘探随机噪声研究

由于金属矿区地震记录中随机噪声性质复杂且信噪比低,常规降噪方法难以达到预期的滤波效果.时频峰值滤波(TFPF)方法是实现低信噪比地震勘探记录中随机噪声压制的有效方法,但其在复杂地震勘探随机噪声下时窗参数优化问题仍难以解决.本文充分利用地震勘探噪声的统计特性,结合Shapiro-Wilk(SW)统计量辨识地震勘探记录中的微弱有效信号,提出基于SW统计量的自适应时频峰值滤波降噪方法(S-TFPF).在S-TFPF方案中,对于有效信号集中区,S-TFPF方法根据信号频率特征,选择有利于信号保持的较短时窗长度;对于噪声集中区,按噪声方差自适应增加时窗长度,增强随机噪声压制能力.S-TFPF应用于合成记录和共炮点记录的滤波结果表明,与传统时频峰值滤波方法相比,S-TFPF方法可以有效抑制低信噪比地震勘探记录中的随机噪声,更好地恢复出同相轴.     

Application of a cascading filter implemented using morphological filtering and time–frequency peak filtering for seismic signal enhancement

Inspired by the idea of the iterative time–frequency peak filtering, which applies time–frequency peak filtering several times to improve the ability of random noise reduction, this article proposes a new cascading filter implemented using mathematic morphological filtering and the time–frequency peak filtering, which we call here morphological time–frequency peak filtering for convenience. This new method will be used mainly for seismic signal enhancement and random noise reduction in which the advantages of the morphological algorithm in processing nonlinear signals and the time–frequency peak filtering in processing nonstationary signals are utilized. Structurally, the scheme of the proposed method adopts mathematic morphological operation to first preprocess the signal and then applies the time–frequency peak filtering method to ultimately extract the valid signal. Through experiments on synthetic seismic signals and field seismic data, this paper demonstrates that the morphological time–frequency peak filtering method is superior to the time–frequency peak filtering method and its iterative form in terms of valid signal enhancement and random noise reduction.     

Incorporation of a Non-linear Image Filtering Technique for Noise Reduction in Seismic Data

Seismic noise is a fundamental part of seismic data which cannot be avoided when conducting any seismic survey. It consists of coherent and random noise. Noise removal or filtering is one of the major concerns in the field of seismic processing. In this paper, we introduce an image filtering technique based on a detection-estimation algorithm for Gaussian and random noise removal in seismic data, namely the trilateral filter, based on a statistic called rank-ordered absolute differences. The non-linear and adaptive behaviour of this filter makes it very robust in the presence of random and coherent noise, in addition to its computational simplicity and its ability to automatically identify noise in data. We have modified the strategy of trilateral filtering by adapting the rank-ordered absolute differences formula in order to extract the signal component. We have successfully used this filter for the removal of surface waves and random spiky noise from synthetic and field data. Results are very encouraging and show the superiority of this filter compared with other filters, particularly when used recursively.     

基于提升算法和百分位数软阈值的小波去噪技术

在地震勘探领域,随机噪声一直是影响地震信号信噪比的主要因素之一,如何从被干扰的地震信号中有效去除随机噪声并保护有用信号具有重要的意义.针对经典小波变换在计算效率方面的缺陷,本文推荐应用提升算法实现第二代小波变换的构建,分析和对比了提升算法(Lifting Scheme)下不同小波变换方法的特性,选取更加符合小波域去噪原理的CDF 9/7双正交小波变换作为基本算法,同时应用了简单、有效的百分位数(Percentiles)软阈值进行信噪分离.通过理论模型处理,本方法可以在去噪能力和保护有用信号之间找到很好的平衡点.实际剖面的处理效果表明,此方法不仅能有效的滤除随机噪声,而且很好地保护有用信号,提高地震数据分析的精确性.     

Weak Seismic Signal Extraction Based on the Curvelet Transform

Seismic signal denoising is a key step in seismic data processing. Airgun signals are easy to be interfered with by noise when it travels a long distance due to the weak energy of active source signal of the airgun. Aiming to solve this problem, and considering that the conventional Curvelet transform threshold processing method does not use the seismic spectrum information, we independently process the Curvelet scale layer corresponding to valid data based on the characteristics of the Curvelet transform of multi-scale, multi-direction and capable of expressing the sparse seismic signals in order to fully excavate the information features. Combined with the Curvelet adaptive threshold denoising the algorithm, we apply the Curvelet transform to denoising seismic signals while retaining the weak information in the signal as much as possible. The simulation experiments show that the improved threshold denoising method based on Curvelet transform is superior to the frequency domain filtering, wavelet denoising and traditional Curvelet denoising method in detailed information extraction and signal denoising of low SNR signals. The calculation accuracy of the relative wave velocity variation of underground medium is improved.