黄骅坳陷古生界潜山储层沥青成因判识

正黄骅坳陷古生界潜山是大港油田重要的油气勘探领域,近年来,先后在王官屯、乌马营潜山古生界发现油气流,且均为石炭—二叠系煤系源岩供烃成藏,如王官屯潜山王古1井二叠系石盒子组发现天然气,同位素特征判断为煤成天然气。这些发现拓展了古生界潜山的勘探领域,表明了石炭—二叠系煤系烃源岩的油气充注范围不仅仅局限于奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层,石炭—二叠系的碎屑岩储层也可以充注成藏,证实了古生界潜山具有更大的油气勘探价值。随着勘探进程与理论认识的不断深化,     

冀中葛渔城—文安地区油气地质地球化学特征及油气源对比

经勘探证实冀中坳陷文安斜坡带已有奥陶系潜山、二叠系上石盒子组砂岩段及下第三系三个含油气层位。其烃源岩为石炭—二叠系煤系和下第三系暗色泥岩。本文根据各含油气层中的油气及烃源岩的地质、地球化学特征的对比分析,确认奥陶系及二叠系中的原油来自石炭—二叠煤系烃源岩,属煤型油。下第三系原油来自本身的烃源岩。奥陶系和二叠系中天然气的成因类型为凝析油伴生气,由石炭—二叠系煤系烃源岩提供,属煤型气。     

渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷潜山油气成藏模式及充注能力定量评价

渤海湾盆地潜山油气资源量丰富,深化潜山油气成藏研究,定量评价潜山油气充注能力,对该盆地潜山油气勘探具有重要意义.以大量统计资料为基础,对渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷潜山油气成藏模式及充注能力开展了系统研究.研究表明:潜山油气成藏受烃源岩及供烃方式、储集特征、储盖组合等多种因素的控制,与烃源岩大面积直接接触的、长期风化淋滤的潜山储集体,最有利于油气成藏.研究区潜山油气藏分为高位潜山型、中位潜山型和低位潜山型大类;以任丘、苏桥、牛东1这3个典型潜山油气藏为代表,建立了高位、中位、低位3类潜山油气成藏模式.高位模式多分布于中央隆起带,具有“双向油源、源储对接”的特点;中位模式多分布于斜坡带,具有“侧向油源、复合输导”的特点;低位模式多分布于洼陷带,具有“顶部油源、不整合输导”的特点.综合考虑烃源岩生烃强度、潜山储层物性、供烃方式、储盖组合类型以及供烃窗口等多种潜山成藏主控因素,建立了潜山油气充注能力定量评价公式并对9个典型潜山油气藏进行了评价,3类潜山油气藏的油气充注能力明显不同,其中高位潜山油气充注能力最强,低位潜山次之,中位潜山最弱.      

冀中坳陷束鹿潜山带油气成藏主控因素与成藏模式

近年来,束鹿潜山带油气勘探取得重大突破,展现出冀中坳陷南部潜山较大的油气勘探潜力。但是,潜山带油气成藏主控因素与成藏模式还未开展系统研究和总结,严重制约了研究区下一步的油气勘探。本论文基于大量的钻井、测录井、地球化学资料、样品测试分析以及盆地模拟的方法,系统剖析了束鹿潜山带不同类型潜山的油气成藏条件,揭示了油气成藏主控因素,并建立了油气成藏模式。结果表明,束鹿潜山带油气成藏主控因素为供烃条件、输导体系以及保存条件,其中供烃条件一定程度上控制了油气成熟度与分布,输导体系控制了油气的运聚和规模,而保存条件控制了原油性质与富集。束鹿潜山带的洼中隆潜山经历了古近系沙河街组二段(Es₂)沉积末期—东营期(Ed)和明化镇期(Nm)—现今两期油气充注过程,为近源断层输导断背斜聚集的油气成藏模式;而斜坡带潜山只经历了明化镇期(Nm)—现今一期低熟—正常原油充注过程,为远源不整合输导反向断块-高潜山聚集的油气成藏模式。研究成果可为研究区潜山带油气成藏机理的认识和油气勘探提供科学依据。     

冀中坳陷奥陶系潜山油气藏形成条件与成藏模式

冀中坳陷潜山是增储上产的重要领域,奥陶系潜山由于储层非均质性强、控藏因素复杂,因此一直制约着油气勘探的新发现。基于大量岩心、薄片、测井、地震及地球化学数据和地质分析的基础上,对其成藏条件及成藏模式进行了系统分析,指导杨税务潜山、文安斜坡潜山勘探取得重要突破。研究表明：冀中坳陷发育古近系沙三段和沙四段以及上古生界石炭—二叠系3套烃源岩,为潜山油气藏的形成提供了充足的物质基础;明确了碳酸盐岩“云化-岩溶-断裂”三主因叠合控储机理,建立了岩溶孔洞型、断裂孔缝型和云岩孔隙型3种储层模式,拓展了勘探空间;受印支期、燕山期、喜山期多期构造作用叠加控制,形成了先隆后凹型和先凹后隆型两种成因潜山圈闭类型。通过奥陶系潜山成藏要素分析,总结出3种潜山油气成藏模式：低位构造-岩性复合准层状潜山成藏模式、中位古储古堵块状潜山成藏模式和高位古储新堵块状潜山成藏模式。综合评价,目前冀中坳陷北部低位构造-岩性复合准层状潜山成藏条件最为有利,泗村店潜山和新镇潜山是下一步勘探的有利方向。     

东海盆地西湖凹陷武云亭构造油气来源与成藏模式

近年来,东海盆地西湖凹陷平湖斜坡带武云亭构造油气勘探获得了较好的商业发现,但已钻探的A井与B井流体性质差异较大,A井为气井、B井为油井。通过生物标志化合物对比、碳同位素分析及流体包裹体分析,对武云亭构造油气来源、充注期次及成藏模式进行了分析,结果表明武云亭构造油为正常成熟原油,主要来源于本地宁波19洼平湖组煤系烃源岩;天然气有两种,一种为高成熟天然气,主要来源于东侧主洼宁波27洼平湖组烃源岩,另一种为正常成熟天然气,主要来源于本地次洼宁波19洼烃源岩。包裹体荧光呈现为淡黄色油气包裹体和无色气包裹体,均一温度表明武云亭构造主要经历两期油气充注,时间为2 Ma和现今。武云亭构造油气来源丰富,成藏过程复杂,基于油气来源及成藏特征划分为"双源侧向晚期次生型"和"单源垂向晚期原生型"两种成藏模式。     

利用石油包裹体烃组分信息恢复塔中地区油气成藏过程

为恢复塔中地区油气成藏过程,利用改进的石油包裹体烃组分分析方法进行了详细的研究。结果表明塔中地区储层油和包裹体油的组分差异明显。包裹体油和下奥陶统储层油中伽马蜡烷和C28甾烷相对丰度较高,来源于寒武系-下奥陶统烃源岩,其他储层油中伽马蜡烷和C28甾烷相对丰度较低,来源于中-上奥陶统烃源岩。储层油的成熟度高于对应层位的包裹体油,表明高成熟度的石油再次充注。石炭系和志留系包裹体油和储层油中存在25-降藿烷系列,表明石油成藏后遭受了生物降解作用。恢复了塔中地区3期油气成藏过程,第1期和第2期分别为志留纪末期和二叠纪末期来源于寒武系-下奥陶统烃源岩的油气成藏,第3期为二叠纪末期来源于中-上奥陶统烃源岩的油气成藏。     

库车坳陷南缘油气成藏主控因素及勘探前景

库车坳陷南缘油气资源丰富，发育多套生储盖组合，勘探潜力巨大。圈闭形成、生烃史、有机包裹体研究表明。库车坳陷南缘油气充注为两期，第一期成熟油、气充注为库车末期（5-2Ma）。第二期高熟油充注为第四纪-现今（2-0Ma）。控制油气成藏的最主要因素为油源断层的沟通作用、优质的储盖组合、圈闭的有效性及其与油气成藏期的匹配关系，其次为古隆起的构造演化背景、多期成藏-晚期为主的成藏特征及良好的保存条件等因素．油气成藏模式主要为早期油气藏-晚期聚凝析气藏型。近期的油气勘探应以中新生界构造圈闭为主．构造变形程度相对强烈的东秋里塔格构造、亚肯平缓斜坡构造带的背斜、断背斜以及阳霞凹陷的阳北构造带等是油气勘探的有利区带．     

冀中坳陷深层油气成藏潜力与勘探方向

现有资料表明,构造演化、原型盆地叠合改造过程是冀中坳陷深层油气成藏的基本条件和主控因素; 有效烃源岩和油气保存条件是评价和预测不同类型油气成藏区带的两个关键因素; “古生界自生自储型”与“新生古储潜山型”是冀中坳陷深部油气勘探的两个重要领域,具有巨大的油气潜力。      

渤海西部沙西北斜坡带下古生界潜山储层特征及成藏主控因素

渤海规模性潜山油气发现集中在山头的太古宇变质岩,而下古生界碳酸盐岩发育在斜坡带,已有地质模式难以解释其成藏规律.运用岩心、薄片、地震、成像测井及分析化验等资料,开展了沙西北下古生界储层特征和成藏主控因素研究.结果表明,该区下古生界碳酸盐岩发育“缝-洞”型储层,储集空间受裂缝和岩溶两大因素控制;印支期以来的3期断裂活动形成了连排式构造-地层圈闭;北侧南堡凹陷生烃灶的超压为成藏提供了强劲的充注条件,新生界披覆式泥岩提供了区域性封盖条件,断块上倾端的致密灰岩为油气在斜坡带成藏提供了遮挡条件.由此建立了“古储古堵-超压强注”的斜坡带碳酸盐岩潜山成藏模式,为潜山油气勘探提供了新思路.     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.