厄尼诺（ENSO）现象与玉林倒春寒天气关系

利用５０年代以来厄尼诺现象与同期玉林倒春寒资料进行研究,发现厄尼诺年和厄尼诺结束次年与玉林有否倒春寒无对应关系,但存在周期性。厄尼诺连续年和厄尼诺结束次年有否倒春寒天气出现与厄尼诺开始年是否是倒春寒年成反相关。     

厄尼诺（El—Nino）与广西异常气候关系研究

应用统计分析方法,分析厄尼诺（El-Nino) 与广西气温,降水及各种灾害性天气的统计特征,结果表明厄尼诺对广西的异常气修是有一定的影响的：（1）厄尼诺年,广西的月气温,月降水出现异常概率分别为69％,75％,（2）厄尼诺年易出现春,秋季异常低温,春季多倒春寒,秋季塞露风日数偏多,（3）厄尼诺影响,引起广西部分江河致洪,而引起全区性洪涝机率较小,易造成广西异常干旱。     

厄尼诺现象与山东旱涝的关系

本文根据186O年以来的33次厄尼诺现象,分别对其发生的当年和次年与山东省的旱涝及夏季西太平洋副高的某些特征量进行统计分析。结果表明,不同类型的厄尼诺现象对副高和山东旱涝有不同影响,其中弱厄尼诺现象的当年和次年夏季副高脊线较常年偏北,我省涝多于旱;强厄尼诺年我省旱涝发生频繁,出现旱涝的机率明显多于气候平均值;持续性厄尼诺过程的当年,夏季副高脊线较常年偏南,我省出现旱灾的机率为涝灾机率的2.8倍。     

厄尼诺与南海的台风活动

本文对厄尼诺年(赤道东太平洋SST有持续正距平)和反厄尼诺年(赤道东太平洋SST有持续负距平)南海的台风(包括进入南海的西太平洋台风和在南海生成的台风)活动进行了统计分析。结果表明,厄尼诺同南海的台风活动有明显关系:厄尼诺年平均台风数偏少,反厄尼诺年平均台风数偏多,其异常主要发生在8—11月份;在两广沿海登陆的平均台风数也是厄尼诺年偏少,反厄尼诺年偏多,其异常以10和11月最显著;在北部湾海域活动的台风多在8—9月份,也是厄尼诺年偏少,反厄尼诺年偏多。文本也对厄尼诺如何影响南海的台风活动提出了初步看法。      

西北太平洋台风路径与厄尼诺关系初步分析

本文分析了近百年西北太平洋台风路径与厄尼诺的关系,得出了在厄尼诺年,西太平洋(120°E以东)转向的台风路径比在反厄尼诺年偏多,而西行路径则偏少。厄尼诺与反厄尼诺年的台风路径差异主要是受副高形势的影响,有明显的月际差异。      

厄尼诺对人类社会的影响

厄尼诺事件可引起全球气候异常及各种海洋－气象灾害。九十年代以来,前期连续发生三次厄尼诺事件,１９９７～１９９８年更发生了一百多年来最强的一次厄尼诺事件。这种异常的厄尼诺形势必将影响到九十年代更为频繁而严重的自然灾害。据１９４９－１９９１年历史资料统计,厄尼诺年的当年或次年夏季,西北太平洋的年台风发生总数为低值谷年,江淮流域则是洪涝年。九十年代前期,台风发生总数连续出现三个低值谷年,１９９８年只有极     

太阳黑子、厄尼诺与陕西夏季降水

利用1951～1990年陕西41个测站夏季（6～8月）降水资料,对照太阳黑子极值年和厄尼诺年,用统计分析法对太阳黑子、厄尼诺及陕西夏季降水关系进行研究,得结论：太阳黑子极值年和厄尼诺年有较好的对应关系.太阳黑子峰值年陕西降水偏多机率大,谷值年偏少机率大。厄尼诺当年陕西夏季易北旱南涝,次年以涝为主。预测1998年陕北夏季降水偏多,关中、陕南正常,全省汛期易发生暴雨洪涝。     

厄尼诺(El-Nin ～o)与广西异常气候关系研究*

应用统计分析方法,分析厄尼诺(El-Nin ～o)与广西气温、降水及各种灾害性天气的统计特征,结果表明厄尼诺对广西的异常气候是有一定影响的:(1)厄尼诺年,广西的月气温、月降水出现异常概率分别为69%、75%;(2)厄尼诺年易出现春、秋季异常低温,春季多倒春寒,秋季寒露风日数偏多;(3)厄尼诺影响,引起广西部分江河致洪,而引起全区性洪涝机率较小,易造成广西异常干旱.     

厄尼诺(El-Nio)与广西异常气候关系研究

应用统计分析方法 ,分析厄尼诺 (El- Nin　～o)与广西气温、降水及各种灾害性天气的统计特征 ,结果表明厄尼诺对广西的异常气候是有一定影响的 :(1)厄尼诺年 ,广西的月气温、月降水出现异常概率分别为6 9%、 75 % ;(2 )厄尼诺年易出现春、秋季异常低温 ,春季多倒春寒 ,秋季寒露风日数偏多 ;(3)厄尼诺影响 ,引起广西部分江河致洪 ,而引起全区性洪涝机率较小 ,易造成广西异常干旱。     

鲁西南十站雨季降水量与厄尼诺的统计关系

本文通过1957—1987共三十一年资料分析指出,厄尼诺现象峰值数月后对应鲁西南雨季降水及该年年降水量往往偏少;自东往西传播的持续型厄尼诺则对应在整个厄尼诺过程结束后的雨季降水及年雨量偏少。     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.