秋季和春季黄渤海黄色物质空间分布特征

利用2013年秋季和2014年春季两个季节黄渤海现场数据对黄色物质的水平分布及垂向分布的变化进行研究,并初步分析了其主要控制因素。垂向黄色物质表现为底部高上层低的特征。其中,秋季混合作用加强导致上层40m黄色物质混合较为均匀;春季北黄海温盐跃层已经形成,黄色物质分布开始出现明显的分层现象,上下层浓度差约为2?g/L。春季南黄海盐度跃层尚未形成,水深小于50m的水层黄色物质垂向分布均匀,近岸和远岸海域浓度分界线明显。水平方向上,黄色物质在秋季和春季分布趋势一致,由渤海、北黄海至南黄海浓度依次降低,且呈现出由近岸向中央海区递减的趋势,但整体上春季浓度较秋季明显偏低。海表盐度与黄色物质浓度两者整体上呈现负相关关系,可以将黄色物质浓度分布作为研究黄海暖流走向、划分水团性质的重要指标。     

厦门海域尿素的时空分布特征及其影响因素

2016年8月(夏季)、10月(秋季)和2017年1月(冬季)、5月(春季)于厦门海域开展的4次水质调查,探讨了该海域尿素的时空分布特征及其环境影响因素。结果表明:厦门海域表层尿素态氮平均含量表现为夏季春季秋季冬季,其值分别为3. 06±1. 09、2. 64±0. 82、2. 30±1. 43、1. 67±0. 79μmol/dm~3。底层尿素态氮平均含量表现为春季夏季秋季冬季,其值分别为3. 13±0. 95、2. 70±1. 25、1. 65±0. 80、1. 56±0. 88μmol/dm~3。厦门海域尿素分布总体呈现出河口、内湾高于外部海域的分布格局;由厦门海域尿素含量的时空分布特征及其与环境要素相关性分析结果表明,厦门海域尿素的时空分布不仅受陆地径流输入和陆源排污的影响,还有可能受到海水养殖、海洋生物活动以及潮流的影响,这些影响因素共同调控着厦门海域尿素的时空分布格局。在春季,尿素是厦门海域可利用氮源的重要组成成分,尤其是在大嶝海域。     

莱州湾荧光溶解有机物的时空分布

利用三维荧光光谱(EEMs)-平行因子分析法(PARAFAC)研究了春季(2020年5月)和秋季(2020年10月)莱州湾海域荧光溶解有机物(FDOM)的来源及时空分布特征。莱州湾海域FDOM由2类共4个荧光组分组成：C1、C4为类蛋白质组分,分别为色氨酸和酪氨酸;C2、C3为类腐殖质组分。并对各组分的来源及分布特征分析：春季FDOM分布主要受到陆源输入的影响,其中表层C1、C2、C3也受微生物活动影响。秋季表层C1、C2、C3分布受到陆源输入和浮游植物生产共同影响,秋季表层C4主要受生物现场生产影响,秋季底层C1、C2、C3主要受陆源输入影响,C4受陆源输入和浮游植物生产共同影响。各荧光组分在表层的季节性差异主要是由于春季部分FDOM经陆源输入后受偏南风作用,在莱州湾西部及南部海域扩散。FDOM在底层的季节性差异主要由于受到沉积物再悬浮的影响。HIX高值分布表明莱州湾西部和南部FDOM受陆源输入影响显著,BIX高值分布表明莱州湾远海FDOM受生物活动影响程度较高。总体上,陆源输入影响莱州湾FDOM分布的主要因素。本文利用三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析法(EEMs-PARAFAC)技术结合多元统计方法,分析了莱州湾春秋季FDOM的来源以及分布差异,为其他海区FDOM研究提供补充。     

春、秋季黄东海海域悬浮体平面分布特征及海流对其分布的影响

利用2003年春季(4月)和秋季(9月)两次对南黄海及东海北部海域II类水体悬浮体质量浓度的调查资料,得到了本海域近期悬浮体的平面分布特征,并分析了海流对本海域悬浮体分布的影响。结果表明,本海域春季悬浮体质量浓度明显高于秋季;受黄海沿岸流、黄海暖流及台湾暖流的影响,春季苏北浅滩悬浮体呈西北-东南舌状向深海运移,秋季悬浮体以苏北浅滩高值区为中心向外海扩散;长江及杭州湾入海泥沙基本都沉降在123o30′E以西的海域内。     

北黄海大气颗粒态营养元素的季节分布特征

2006年7月～2007年10月对北黄海海域大气气溶胶及其负载的营养元素在春、夏、秋、冬4个季节的浓度分布进行了调查.结果显示,大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)、大气颗粒态总碳、钠、钙、镁、氮和磷都呈现出明显的季节变化,但是不同元素的季节分布规律不同.TSP、总碳和氮浓度都是春冬季较高,秋季次之,夏季最低.钠的季节变化与TSP不同,为夏季>冬季>春季>秋季,水溶性钙和镁分别呈现出春季>秋季>冬季>夏季及秋季>冬季>春季>夏季的季节变化.而水溶性磷酸盐浓度夏季最高,春季次之,秋冬季浓度很低.春、夏、秋、冬4季TSP、总碳和氮在不同采样海域的分布特征类似,即在离岸较近海域采集的样品TSP浓度较高,尤其是靠近辽东半岛和山东半岛海域.钠在不同采样海域的分布与TSP完全不同.各航次内钙、镁在不同采样海域的分布特征较复杂,呈现出与TSP和钠都不尽相同的分布特征.     

流沙湾海水中总有机碳的时空分布及其影响因素研究

于2008年2月(冬季)、5月(春季)、8月(夏季)和11月(秋季)对流沙湾进行了4次采样调查,研究分析了流沙湾海水中总有机碳的空间分布和季节变化特征,并探讨了TOC与温度、盐度、pH、叶绿素a和底泥TOC之间的相关关系.结果发现,在2008年度流沙湾海水TOC的浓度为0.992 ～ 5.437 mg/L,平均值为2.414 mg/L,呈现春季＞夏季＞秋季＞冬季的变化趋势,整个流沙湾海域海水TOC的平面分布相对比较均匀,表层稍大于底层.在内外湾分布上,冬、夏季节内湾TOC大于外湾,而春、秋季节外湾大于内湾;在垂直分布上,冬、夏和秋季表层大于底层,而春季底层大于表层;在地域分布上,冬、夏季节从流沙镇一侧海域到西联镇一侧海域逐渐减小,秋季变化趋势相反,春季时,两侧无明显变化.相关关系的分析结果表明,流沙湾海水TOC与温度、pH呈现出正相关关系,与温度的相关关系较为显著,与盐度则呈现不显著的负相关关系;与叶绿素a存在一定的相关关系,在叶绿素a浓度小于2.6μg/L,两者呈现正相关关系,而在叶绿素a浓度大于2.6 μg/L,两者呈现负相关关系;与底泥TOC呈现出了一定的正相关关系.     

黄河口及莱州湾海域磷的时空分布及浮游生物对低磷胁迫的响应

本文利用2019—2021年在黄河口及莱州湾海域进行的4次陆海同步调查结果,分析了环莱州湾主要入海河口和排污口陆源输入磷的季节变化、黄河口及莱州湾海域内不同形态磷及不同碱性磷酸酶活性(APA)的时空分布特征,探讨了海域内磷受限状况及浮游植物和浮游细菌对低磷胁迫的响应。结果表明,磷的陆源输入中黄河贡献最大,小清河次之;总磷(TP)入海通量呈现出夏季>春季>秋季>冬季的季节变化,春、夏、秋季磷输入以颗粒态磷(PP)为主,冬季以溶解态磷(DP)为主;受农业施肥及河道内浮游生物活动的影响,春季陆源DP以溶解有机磷(DOP)为主,其他季节以活性磷酸盐(PO₄-P)为主。研究海域内TP浓度及构成不仅受陆源输入的影响,还受浮游生物消亡、海上养殖活动和沉积物释放等作用共同调控,TP浓度呈现出春季>夏季≈秋季>冬季的季节变化、近岸高远岸低的分布特征,高值区主要位于黄河和小清河河口区域;TP构成上,春季以DP为主,夏、秋季DP与PP相当,冬季以PP为主;春、秋季DP以DOP为主,而夏、冬季DP以PO₄-P为主。海域内浮游植物普遍受到...     

乐清湾口海域春秋季甲壳动物的群落结构特征研究

根据2012年春季和10月在乐清湾口海域开展渔业资源调查所获甲壳动物资料,对乐清湾口海域的甲壳动物的种类组成、优势种、物种数量分布、生物多样性和群落结构相似性等群落结构特征及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,调查海域共鉴定出34种甲壳动物,隶属于2目17科23属,春季优势种仅有三疣梭子蟹1种,秋季为日本、口虾蛄、中华管鞭虾、三疣梭子蟹4种,两季优势种更替较显著;秋季物种数较春季丰富,调查水域中心区域物种数较多;秋季甲壳动物生物多样性指数高于春季;甲壳动物群落结构与海洋环境密切相关。乐清湾口海域的甲壳动物以季节性的广温低盐种类为主,该海域位于河口,受瓯江径流影响较大;春季受瓯江径流淡水水团影响,物种较少,而秋季受交汇水团影响,物种丰富;春秋季组内并无明显规律,地形、水深和水系等外部因素对甲壳动物群落结构影响较大。     

春、秋季东、黄海营养盐的分布变化特征及营养结构

利用2000年10～11月和2001年3～4月的调查资料,分析讨论了春、秋季东、黄海营养盐的分布变化特征及营养结构状况。结果表明:该海域表层营养盐高值主要出现在长江冲淡水影响区和江浙近海海域,低值出现于东海陆架区和黄海西北部,黄海中部水域春、秋季因温跃层强弱不同表层营养盐含量差别较大。东、黄海海域春、秋季表层水N/P、Si/N和Si/P值(除秋季黄海北部局部水域N/P值小于10外)均远高于Redfield比值。春季东海海域N/P、Si/N和Si/P值明显高于黄海海域,并高于秋季;秋季黄海海域N/P、Si/N和Si/P值要高于东海海域,变化也大于春季。在强温跃层存在期间和浮游生物旺发季节,表层水域N/P、Si/N和Si/P值原本高的区域往往进一步升高,而温跃层较弱或浮游植物生长繁殖能力较弱的季节,表层水域N/P、Si/N和Si/P值将略有降低。东、黄海水域浮游植物光合作用受N限制的可能性极小,绝大部分水域主要是受P限制,Si的含量普遍较高,它不可能成为限制因子。长江冲淡水区和江浙近海海域过量的N及高N/P值特性且持续升高的趋势可能是近20年来这一地区富营养化程度加剧、赤潮频发的主要原因。     

春、秋季考洲洋海水质量状况及评价方法初探

文章利用2017年11月（秋季）和2018年4月（春季）对惠州考洲洋海域开展的两个航次水环境调查数据，分析了考洲洋海域表层溶解氧（DO）、化学需氧量(COD)、无机氮(DIN)、无机磷(DIP)和石油类（OIL）等典型水质因子的水平分布和季节变化情况。结果表明，秋季溶解氧、化学需氧量、石油类分别在盐洲岛以东附近海域、考洲洋湾顶海域和盐洲岛东南海域出现高值区，而无机氮在整个考洲洋无明显区域分布差异，无机磷含量呈现考洲洋内湾到湾口逐渐递减的趋势；春季化学需氧量、无机磷均在考洲洋湾顶出现高值区域，无机氮在盐洲岛以东附近海域出现高值区，而溶解氧和石油类无明显变化。从季节变化来看，秋季考洲洋海域溶解氧、化学需氧量和石油类平均含量均比春季高；无机氮、无机磷则相反，平均含量秋季低于春季。同时，文章还分别利用单因子和综合因子方法对海水有机污染状况进行评价并对其进行比较分析，结果表明，有机污染评价指数法可充分考虑多种水质因子，更适合对考洲洋水环境质量进行评价，得到较为客观的综合评价结果。     

东海颗粒有机碳的研究

于１９９４年春季（４月）和秋季（１０－１１月）对东海颗粒有机碳（ＰＯＣ），颗粒氮，ＡＴＰ（三磷酸腺苷）进行测定，通过ＡＴＰ定量区分ＰＯＣ中的生命与非生命部分，结果表明，春秋两季ＰＯＣ的平均值为４１７μｇ／Ｌ其中春季为２８０μｇ／Ｌ，生命部分占１０％；秋季为５４１μｇ／Ｌ，生命部分占４％，春季表层ＰＯＣ以东海陆架中部为高值区同周围递减，与ＡＴＰ的分布相似，而且颗粒有机物中的Ｃ：Ｎ比值较低（７．６３）     

Seasonal variations in nutrients and chlorophyll-a concentrations in the Northern east China sea

Nutrients, chlorophyll-a, particulate organic carbon (POC), and environmental conditions were extensively investigated in the northern East China Sea (ECS) near Cheju Island during three seasonal cruises from 2003 to 2005. In spring and autumn, relatively high concentrations of nitrate (2.6~12.4 μmol kg^-1) and phosphate (0.17~0.61 μmol kg^-1) were observed in the surface waters in the western part of the study area because of the large supply of nutrients from deep waters by vertical mixing. The surface concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in summer were much lower than those in spring and autumn, which is ascribed to a reduced nutrient supply from the deep waters in summer because of surface layer stratification. While previous studies indicate that upwellings of the Kuroshio Current and the Changjiang (Yangtze River) are main sources of nutrients in the ECS, these two inputs seem not to have contributed significantly to the build-up of nutrients in the northern ECS during the time of this study. The lower nitrate:phosphate (N:P) ratio in the surface waters and the positive correlation between the surface N:P ratio and nitrate concentration indicate that nitrate acts as a main nutrient limiting phytoplankton growth in the northern ECS, contrary to previous reports of phosphate-limited phytoplankton growth in the ECS. This difference arises because most surface water nutrients are supplied by vertical mixing from deep waters with low N:P ratios and are not directly influenced by the Changjiang, which has a high N:P ratio. Surface chlorophyll-a levels showed large seasonal variation, with high concentrations (0.38~4.14 mg m^-3) in spring and autumn and low concentrations (0.22~1.05 mg m^-3) in summer. The surface distribution of chlorophyll-a coincided fairly well with that of nitrate in the northern ECS, implying that nitrate is an important nutrient controlling phytoplankton biomass. The POC:chlorophyll-a ratio was 4~6 times higher in summer than in spring and autumn, presumably because of the high summer phytoplankton death rate caused by nutrient depletion in the surface waters.     

Horizontal distribution of particulate matter and its characterization using phosphorus as an indicator in surface coastal water,Harima-Nada,the Seto Inland Sea,Japan

To study the horizontal distribution and characterization of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the coastal environment, the distribution and seasonal variation of particulate phosphorus (PP), divided as organic (POP) and inorganic (PIP) fractions with POC, PON, and Chl.a, in 4 seasons throughout Harima-Nada of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan, were investigated. A high concentration of PIP was observed not only in the northern coastal area, which received much freshwater discharge, but also in the channel parts. In winter, when Δσt was low, the difference between surface and bottom σt, resuspension of sinking particles or/and surface sediment which has a high PIP/PP ratio seems to have occurred, and then a high concentration of PIP in surface water was observed. In spring and summer, PIP/PP ratios (0.24) of surface waters were close to those of phytoplankton (0.1–0.2). On the other hand, PIP/PP ratios in autumn and winter, when Δσt was low, were similar to those of surface sediment in Harima-Nada (0.32–0.39). SPM in Harima-Nada showed higher PP contents than other coastal environments, and its mean value of 9.10 mg P/g was close to the phytoplankton P content of 9.75 mg P/g. This suggests that SPM in Harima-Nada was strongly affected by phytoplankton. The C/N ratio in Harima-Nada in spring was high (11), although high Chl.a and low PIP/PP were observed, possibly resulting from preferential decomposition of nitrogen in comparison with carbon. We consider that the PIP/PP ratio is a good indicator to characterize SPM and to predict its origin as well as the C/N.     

2006～2007年福建沿岸海域石首鱼类资源量时空变化

基于2006～2007年福建沿岸海域4个航次的底拖网调查,分析了福建沿岸海域石首鱼科鱼类的资源现状.结果表明:4个航次共捕获石首鱼类16种,其中春季捕获石首鱼类10种,夏季和冬季均捕获14种,秋季捕获12种.不同航次捕获的石首鱼类占所有鱼类总渔获量的比例为10.43%～23.23%,平均15.71%.平均资源密度和平均个体密度分别为81.49 kg/km2和3 663.06 ind./km2.平均资源密度和平均个体密度均以秋季最高,分别为130.02 kg/km2和5 702.64 ind./km2.闽东沿岸海域、闽江口及其附近海域、闽中沿岸海域和厦门沿岸海域石首鱼类的全年平均资源密度分别为70.75、96.23、22.54和84.57 kg/km2.在各种石首鱼类中,叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)的资源密度和个体密度最大,其次是丁氏(Wak tingi).叫姑鱼的相对重要性指数最高,为871.01,仅叫姑鱼为优势种.与近20 a前的调查资料相比较,石首鱼类的渔获量占鱼类总渔获量的比例升高,但资源密度显著下降,必须采取措施,避免开发强度的继续增加,以利于其资源的可持续利用.     

Seasonal and spatial distribution of particulate organic matter (POM) in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas

As part of the Western Arctic Shelf–Basin Interactions (SBI) project, the production and fate of organic carbon and nitrogen from the Chukchi and Beaufort Sea shelves were investigated during spring (5 May–15 June) and summer (15 July–25 August) cruises in 2002. Seasonal observations of suspended particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) and large-particle (>53 μm) size class suggest that there was a large accumulation of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) between spring and summer in the surface mixed layer due to high phytoplankton productivity. Considerable organic matter appeared to be transported from the shelf into the Arctic Ocean basin in an elevated POC and PON layer at the top of the upper halocline. Seasonal changes in the molar carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratio of the suspended particulate organic matter (POM) pool reflect a change in the quality of the organic material that was present and presumably being exported to the sediment and to Arctic Ocean waters adjacent to the Chukchi and Beaufort Sea shelves. In spring, low particulate C:N ratios (<6; i.e., N rich) were observed in nitrate-replete surface waters. By the summer, localized high particulate C:N ratios (>9; i.e., N-poor) were observed in nitrate-depleted surface waters. Low POC and inorganic nutrient concentrations observed in the surface layer suggest that rates of primary, new and export production are low in the Canada Basin region of the Arctic Ocean.     

Sediment transport in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea

Eight survey cruises in different seasons have been conducted in the Yellow Sea (YS) and East China Sea (ECS) during the period from 2000 to 2008. Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and hydrological data were collected during each cruise. Data analysis showed that total suspended sediment mass was approximately 0.18 × 10⁹ tons in the surveyed area during spring and autumn seasons. Highly turbid waters were found in the shallow waters between the Subei coast, the Changjiang estuary and the Zhejiang coast with seasonal variations.     

东海营养盐结构的时空分布及其对浮游植物的限制

本文根据2013年东海海域(120°—128°E、25°—33°N)春、夏、秋、冬的4个航次调查资料,分析了营养盐结构的时空分布并探讨其对浮游植物生长限制的情况。结果表明:(1)东海DIN(无机氮)/P(磷)、Si(硅)/DIN及Si/P比值受各种水团及浮游植物生长周期的影响较为明显,长江冲淡水与沿岸水的交汇作用控制着全航次DIN/P比值,基本呈近岸高、远海低的分布规律,而Si/DIN比值的分布则相反。春、夏季Si/P高值区主要分布在近岸,而秋、冬季则开始由中部海域向远海扩展。(2)研究海域浮游植物的生长主要受到N和P的限制,126°E以西的近岸及中部海域以P限制为主,而126°E以东的黑潮区受N限制;在季节变化上又以夏季受到营养盐的限制最明显。(3)与2001—2010年同期历史资料相比,2013年夏季航次受P限制站位数量比过往10年有所增加,限制范围由28°—32°N、123°E以西的长江口及浙北沿岸海域扩展到了126°E以西的东海中部及近岸水域;受N限制站位基本集中在126°—127°E以东黑潮区海域,但空间范围比十年前增大。     

Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Characterization of Organic Matter in a Mangrove Ecosystem on the Southwestern Coast of Thailand

Organic matter in a tropical mangrove ecosystem was characterized by stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic analyze, conducted on various organic samples, including land and mangrove plants, soils, particulate organic matter (POM), and sea and river sediments along the southwestern coast of Thailand. The δ¹³C values of land plants and POM in river water can be explained in terms of a greater influence of C₃ plants than C₄ plants in this area. The POM and sediments from the Trang River and Ko Talibong area showed systematically higher δ¹⁵N values than those from Ko Muk and other coastal areas. Organic matter in the Trang River might be influenced by nitrogen released from agricultural or human waste, which could affect the isotopic composition of POM and sediments in the Trang River estuary and along the coast near the river mouth. We used a stochastic method to estimate the contributions of four organic end-members, identifiable by their δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values. The results implied that seagrasses were a major source of sedimentary organic matter, contributing 42 ± 5% in the Ko Muk area and 36 ± 5% in the Ko Talibong area. The contribution of coastal POM to sediments was estimated to be only 13% in Ko Muk and 19% in Ko Talibong. Mangrove plants contributed approximately 23% in both areas. It was concluded that seagrasses are an important source of sedimentary organic matter in this coastal region of southwestern Thailand. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

2009—2011年东海陆架海域网采浮游植物群落的季节变化

根据2009年7、8月(夏季)、12月到翌年1月(冬季)、2010年11月(秋季)和2011年4、5月(春季)共4个航次在东海陆架区进行的现场多学科综合调查,报道了4个季节在整个东海海域的浮游植物的空间分布及群落结构特征,并探讨了影响其分布格局的环境因子效应。结果表明,东海浮游植物群落主要由硅藻、甲藻组成。共检出浮游植物5门88属299种(含未定种)。调查区夏季细胞丰度达最高,平均为(8 659.572±28 937.27)cell/L,其次是秋、冬季,春季最低,分别为(4 413.726±12 534.573)cell/L、(421.773±647.532)cell/L和(218.479±265.897)cell/L。硅藻细胞丰度在夏、秋、冬3个季节占总平均丰度的95%以上,甲藻细胞丰度在春季最高,占总浮游植物细胞丰度的69%。调查海区浮游植物丰度高值区主要集中在长江口海域,并向外海呈递减趋势。不同群落间存在季节更替和演替现象。物种丰富度自春夏秋冬逐渐升高。香农指数(Shannon-Wiener index)和均匀度指数(Pielou index)分布较为一致,物种丰富度指数(Margalef index)呈现时空分布差异。Pearson相关分析结果表明:不同季节的物种间更迭与海区特定的物理化学参数显著相关。     

东海陆架表层水体有机与无机悬浮体的季节分布特征

利用2011年春季(5-6月)、2009年夏季(8月)、2010年秋季(11-12月)和2009 年冬季(12月一次年1月)4个航次实测的悬浮体质量浓度资料,分析了东海陆架表层水体总悬浮体、有机悬浮体和无机悬浮体质量浓度的季节分布特征。结果表明,东海陆架表层水体总悬浮体质量浓度冬半年高于夏半年,等值线基本平行于岸线,在浙江沿岸29°N附近有一浑水舌向东南方向延伸,常年存在2个高值中心和2个次高值中心。有机悬浮体质量浓度则为夏半年高于冬半年,存在2个高值中心和2个次高值中心,季节变化显著。无机悬浮体质量浓度分布趋势相似于总悬浮体质量浓度,但整体轮廓线向近岸收缩约0.5°,常年存在2个高值中心和1个次高值中心。有机悬浮体占总悬浮体百分比按季节从高到低依次为春季、夏季、冬季和秋季,其中长江口、杭州湾外近海海域和黑潮区为东海有机悬浮体百分含量高值区。