鄂尔多斯盆地子长油田杨家园则探区长6物源分析

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地东北部子长油田杨家园则探区延长组长6砂岩的骨架矿物、重矿物、阴极发光、泥岩的稀土元素特征等的研究,并结合盆地东北缘典型露头剖面的古水流方向实测,分析了长6沉积期的古水流与主要物源方向,探讨了源区母岩性质。结果表明,研究区长6沉积期的古水流与主要物源方向来自北东方向。源区母岩以变质岩为主,其次少量火成岩。该研究结果对鄂尔多斯盆地东北部延长组砂体时空展布分析、有利油气聚集区带预测以及对研究区下一步的油气勘探部署都具有重要的理论意义和实际参考价值。     

鄂尔多斯盆地及周缘地区上石炭统沉积特征*

鄂尔多斯盆地及周缘地区上石炭统本溪组(羊虎沟组)沉积特征对于预测其砂体展布、油气勘探具有重要意义。在野外地质考察、岩心观察和薄片研究的基础上,对本溪组(羊虎沟组)进行了岩石学特征、沉积相类型和空间展布规律等方面的研究。本溪组(羊虎沟组)岩石类型主要为灰白色中—粗砂岩和深灰色、灰黑色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩、泥质粉砂岩,夹多层煤、灰岩和泥灰岩;主要发育浅海陆棚、障壁岛、潮坪、潟湖和扇三角洲沉积。鄂尔多斯盆地中央古隆起西部主要发育扇三角洲、障壁岛和潟湖沉积相,东部主要发育扇三角洲、潟湖、障壁岛和浅海陆棚沉积相,中间过渡带主要为潮坪沉积。自北向南依次发育扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘、潮坪、潟湖和浅海陆棚等沉积。总体上来讲,本溪组(羊虎沟组)为一套海陆交互相沉积建造,具有东、西分异的沉积格局。     

鄂尔多斯盆地及周缘地区上石炭统沉积特征

鄂尔多斯盆地及周缘地区上石炭统本溪组(羊虎沟组)沉积特征对于预测其砂体展布、油气勘探具有重要意义。在野外地质考察、岩心观察和薄片研究的基础上,对本溪组(羊虎沟组)进行了岩石学特征、沉积相类型和空间展布规律等方面的研究。本溪组(羊虎沟组)岩石类型主要为灰白色中-粗砂岩和深灰色、灰黑色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩、泥质粉砂岩,夹多层煤、灰岩和泥灰岩;主要发育浅海陆棚、障壁岛、潮坪、潟湖和扇三角洲沉积。鄂尔多斯盆地中央古隆起西部主要发育扇三角洲、障壁岛和潟湖沉积相,东部主要发育扇三角洲、潟湖、障壁岛和浅海陆棚沉积相,中间过渡带主要为潮坪沉积。自北向南依次发育扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘、潮坪、潟湖和浅海陆棚等沉积。总体上来讲,本溪组(羊虎沟组)为一套海陆交互相沉积建造,具有东、西分异的沉积格局。     

巴彦浩特盆地石炭系物源及沉积相研究

通过岩石薄片分析和石英阴极发光特征,对巴彦浩特盆地石炭系进行物源分析.结果表明,该盆地石炭系存在北部阿拉善古陆、东南部陇西古陆、西部龙首山隆起及东部骡子山隆起4个物源方向,母岩分别为太古界及元古界变质岩、前石炭系沉积岩及加里东期岩浆岩.古物源与沉积体系具良好空间配置关系,通过野外剖面观察,结合物源和相标志,认为研究区石炭系早期主要受阿拉善古陆影响,发育障壁海岸和混积陆棚相,中晚期受多物源共同影响,发育障壁海岸、无障壁海岸、扇三角洲、曲流河三角洲和混积陆棚相.     

鄂尔多斯盆地中西部延长组碎屑岩物源分析及储层特征

综合运用砂岩碎屑组分及岩屑分布特征、砂岩阴极发光特征、重矿物组合特征变化、古水流方向等物源分析,对鄂尔多斯盆地中西部长6油组进行物源分析,认为变质岩、酸性岩浆岩、浅海相碎屑岩及碳酸盐岩为研究区主要的母岩类型,东北、西南部是研究区的主要物源方向,西北、西和南部是为次要要的物源方向。物源是影响储层的重要因素,物源的不同造成研究区砂岩类型、填隙物组成及储层物性特征的差异。     

鄂尔多斯盆地本溪组沉积物物源探讨及其构造意义

鄂尔多斯盆地在经历了古生代抬升剥蚀之后,在晚古生代晚期开始沉降并沉积了海陆过渡相本溪组碎屑岩。为阐明该套碎屑岩的物源体系特征,基于露头、岩芯、分析化验等多种分析测试手段,分析了本溪组砾岩分布、轻矿物碎屑组分、石英阴极发光、重矿物特征及碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分布特征,识别了本溪组平面上不同物源体系,继而确定了不同物源体系的母岩类型及本溪组沉积时期盆地南部构造演化特征;研究表明本溪组沉积时期,鄂尔多斯盆地整体南北双向供源,其中北部物源供给相对较强,进一步划分为四个子物源体系,西北物源母岩主要为变质岩和少量火山岩,东北部地区母岩主要为酸性侵入岩,西南部地区物源主要为高级变质岩、部分岩浆岩和少量沉积岩,东南部地区主要为高级变质岩。同时在本溪组沉积时期,南部物源影响范围可达盆地中部地区,北秦岭陆块该时期已与华北板块南缘发生碰撞是南部物源体系重要组成部分。     

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7段物源区分析

随着鄂尔多斯盆地长7段油藏勘探的不断突破,对其物源方向和母岩区性质的分析尤显重要.三叠世延长期鄂尔多斯盆地周缘存在多个古陆,包括北缘的阴山古陆、西北缘的阿拉善古陆、西南缘的陇西古陆及南缘的祁连-秦岭古陆等,它们都是盆地碎屑沉积物的主要供给源.通过碎屑组分、岩屑组分、重矿物、微量元素和稀土元素分析等研究,认为研究区长7段存在东北、西北、西及西南、南部4个方向的物源.轻、重矿物组合综合分析认为,盆地北部母岩主要为太古宙—古生代中—深变质岩和中基性火成岩,西南及南部母岩主要为元古宙—古生代浅变质岩、碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩.微量及稀土元素分析表明母岩以大陆上地壳的长英质岩石为主,并混有一定数量的含长石较高的中—基性岩浆岩如安山岩、碱性玄武岩,母岩中太古代古老地层占有相当大的比重.     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长6油层组物源区分析

物源分析是我们研究沉积体系和岩相古地理格局的前提和基础,在一定程度也是描述微相和砂体展布的总体格局,以及对砂体进行预测和评价的依据。晚三叠世延长期鄂尔多斯盆地周缘存在多个古陆,包括北部的阴山古陆、西北缘的阿拉善古陆、南部的祁连—秦岭古陆及西南的陇西古陆等,它们都是盆地碎屑沉积物的主要供给源。长6沉积期,姬塬地区处于鄂尔多斯盆地偏西部地区,进行物源分析尤其是指出主要物源方向对沉积相及砂体展布规律研究都有重要意义。通过碎屑组分分析、重矿物分析、岩屑组分分析、阴极发光分析、稀土元素分析,以及古盐度恢复等研究方法,发现研究区存在北东方向主要物源区和北西方向次要物源区,同时也存在西南方向的物源供给。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部石炭系本溪组沉积微相特征及其对天然气富集控制作用

综合利用钻井、测井资料,结合邻区露头调查,深入分析鄂尔多斯盆地东南部天然气主要勘探层系石炭系本溪组沉积微相及其砂体分布特征,认为鄂尔多斯盆地东南部本溪组主要发育障壁海岸沉积体系及陆棚沉积体系,并进一步划分出砂坪、混合坪、泥坪、泥灰坪、障壁砂坝、泻湖泥、泥质陆棚7种沉积微相;障壁砂坝及砂坪砂体是天然气储集的骨架砂体,其发育完全受控于沉积相带的展布;本溪组主要产气层"晋祠砂岩"为障壁砂坝及潮汐砂坪成因,障壁主砂坝呈北北东—南南西展布;小砂坝则零星分布,砂坪呈北北西—南南东展布,2类砂体发育区是本溪组天然气勘探有利目标区。     

鄂尔多斯盆地庆阳地区晚三叠世延长期长8沉积期物源与沉积体系研究*

通过野外露头古流向实测,结合砂岩骨架矿物、重矿物组合特征,利用碎屑岩地球化学方法,分析了鄂尔多斯盆地庆阳地区晚三叠世延长期长8沉积期的物源。结果显示,研究区长8沉积期古水流主要为SW→NE方向,次为NW→SE、SE→NW方向;重矿物特征具有明显的分区性。长8油层组的REE配分型式为“右倾型”,δEu值平均0.67;其微量元素协变图特征与盆地西南缘陇西古陆中的陇山群基本一致。推测庆阳地区长8油层组母岩主要来自盆地西南缘陇西古陆中上元古—古生界、祁连造山带花岗岩类和秦岭造山带奥陶系—二叠系,源区母岩主要为变质岩和火成岩。通过野外露头资料,结合最新钻探成果,认为长8沉积期研究区主要为扇三角洲沉积体系,发育扇三角洲前缘亚相和(半)深湖亚相浊积扇,而扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道的砂体带,构成了研究区油气聚集的有利相带。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the