福建紫金山铜金矿床中的完整Cu-S体系矿物

在电子探针微区化学成分分析的基础上,结合 X 射线粉末衍射分析,对福建紫金山铜金矿床中的 Cu-S 体系矿物进行 了化学成分和晶体结构特征的研究。结果在该矿床中发现较完整的 Cu-S 体系矿物系列,包括铜蓝、雅硫铜矿、斯硫铜矿、 吉硫铜矿、斜方蓝辉铜矿、蓝辉铜矿、久辉铜矿和辉铜矿。此外,利用粉末 X 射线衍射数据,计算了铜蓝、斜方蓝辉铜矿、 蓝辉铜矿、久辉铜矿、辉铜矿等五种矿物的晶胞参数。基于系统矿物学的研究,建立了紫金山铜金矿床 Cu-S 体系完整矿物 的结晶与变化序列,该工作在国内尚属首次,同时也丰富了 Cu-S 体系矿物基础矿物学研究的资料。     

天鹿铜矿床粉砂岩型铜矿石特征

天鹿铜矿床是前陆盆地古生代海相砂页岩型铜矿，铜矿石主要为粉砂岩型，包括辉铜矿矿石、辉铜矿斑铜矿矿石、斑铜矿矿石、黄铜矿斑铜矿矿石、黄铜矿矿石、黄铁矿黄铜矿矿石6种自然类型，矿石结构主要为结晶结构和交代结构，矿石构造以浸染状为主，主矿层中的矿化沿岩层厚度具有明显的垂直分带性，从底部到顶板为：辉铜矿→斑铜矿→黄铜矿→黄铁矿，为典型的化学沉积成因铜的硫化物排列组合特征，上述特点与我国及国外海相砂页岩型铜矿一致。     

北祁连天鹿铜矿床砂岩型铜矿石特征

天鹿铜矿床是古生代海相砂页岩型铜矿.其铜矿石主要为粉砂岩型,包括斑铜矿矿石、辉铜矿矿石、辉铜矿斑铜矿矿石、黄铜矿斑铜矿矿石、黄铜矿矿石、黄铁矿黄铜矿矿石等6种自然类型.矿石结构主要为结晶结构和交代结构,矿石构造以浸染状为主.主矿层中的矿化沿岩层垂向具有明显的分带性,从底部到顶板为:斑铜矿→辉铜矿→黄铜矿→黄铁矿,具有典型的化学沉积成因铜的硫化物排列组合特征.这些特点与中国及国外海相砂页岩型铜矿相一致.     

紫金矿铜蓝-蓝辉铜矿的矿物成分研究

<正>紫金山金铜矿属少见的高硫型浅层低温热液矿床,其铜矿的主要矿石矿物由铜蓝-蓝辉铜矿-硫砷铜矿组成。根据其形成深度和矿石结构构造类型,前人认为它们的成因属于中低温热液成矿(陈景河,1992;薛纪越等,2000)。Cu-S二元     

会理县鹿厂－大铜厂银铜矿矿石学研究

会理鹿厂－大钢厂银铜矿的矿石矿物主要由辉铜矿、蓝辉铜矿、斑铜矿、硫铜银矿、硒铜银矿及硫硒铜银矿组成，且与胶结物方解石密切共生；矿石主要是结晶粒状与交代溶蚀结构，浸染状构造。该矿床为典型的沉积成岩成因砂岩砾岩型银铜矿。     

紫金山高硫型金铜矿的矿床地质研究进展

随着紫金山金铜矿露天采矿规模的不断扩大,许多与矿床成因密切相关的地质现象被剥露出来,露采场成为进行矿床地质研究的最佳场所。本文对紫金山金铜矿露采场的构造、矿化及蚀变分带特征进行了详细研究,研究表明:在自北向南靠近火山机构的过程中,蚀变带依次为绢云母+地开石化带、地开石+明矾石化带、地开石+褐铁矿化带和强硅化带,各个蚀变带内的主要金属矿物组合变化依次为黄铁矿+斑铜矿±硫砷铜矿±蓝辉铜矿,黄铁矿+蓝辉铜矿+铜蓝+硫砷铜矿±斑铜矿,褐铁矿+针铁矿+自然金+次生铜蓝+孔雀石,黄铁矿+斑铜矿+硫砷铜矿+蓝辉铜矿。在空间分布上,主要的矿石矿物在水平方向上从斑铜矿渐变为蓝辉铜矿,垂直方向上从上部的自然金+褐铁矿向下变为蓝辉铜矿+斑铜矿,深部变为铜蓝±蓝辉铜矿。蚀变分带与金属矿物组合的空间分布都体现出在靠近火山机构及深度增加的过程中成矿热液的硫逸度和氧逸度越来越高。矿石中还出现了具有指示意义的含锡矿物。这些特征都表明紫金山金铜矿是含矿热液多期次叠加的结果。金的富集成矿和金铜的矿化分带受北西向与北东向密集节理交汇带的控制。     

紫金山铜金矿床铜蓝垂向变化特征探讨

<正>1研究背景及意义福建省上杭县的紫金山铜金矿床是我国大陆发现的首例高硫化型浅成低温热液矿床,具有"上金下铜"的垂直矿化分带特征,铜矿体主要分布在+928~-400 m,铜金属量丰富,大于300万t。该矿床目前已发现Cu-S体系8种矿物[1],硫砷铜矿、块硫砷铜矿、斑铜矿、黄铜矿等21种铜矿物。铜矿物中蓝辉铜矿、铜蓝、块硫砷铜矿、硫砷铜矿占99%以上。前人对铜蓝-蓝辉铜矿的矿物成分和矿物组合分布特征有较深     

巴布亚新几内亚奥克泰迪铜金矿床成矿特征和控制因素

巴布亚新几内亚西部Fubilan山奥克泰迪矿床是一个世界级铜金矿床,在大地构造上位于新几内亚造山带的巴布亚褶皱带。该矿床的铜金矿化赋存于Fubilan二长斑岩及其周边的磁铁矿夕卡岩和硫化物夕卡岩中。矿石类型以原生硫化物矿石为主,金属矿物包括磁铁矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、白铁矿、黄铜矿、斑铜矿等。蚀变类型包括夕卡岩化、钾化、泥化和青盘岩化。矿床氧化次生富集带发育,表生矿石矿物为蓝辉铜矿、辉铜矿、自然铜、铜蓝和银金矿。成矿作用主要受区域构造、侵入杂岩体、Darai组灰岩地层、断裂等因素的控制。根据矿床的主岩、矿石特征、蚀变特征和控矿因素,认为该矿床成因类型属于较为典型的夕卡岩—斑岩型矿床。     

巴布亚新几内亚奥克泰迪铜金矿床成矿特征和控制因素

巴布亚新几内亚西部Fubilan山奥克泰迪矿床是一个世界级铜金矿床,在大地构造上位于新几内亚造山带的巴布亚褶皱带。该矿床的铜金矿化赋存于Fubilan二长斑岩及其周边的磁铁矿夕卡岩和硫化物夕卡岩中。矿石类型以原生硫化物矿石为主,金属矿物包括磁铁矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、白铁矿、黄铜矿、斑铜矿等。蚀变类型包括夕卡岩化、钾化、泥化和青盘岩化。矿床氧化次生富集带发育,表生矿石矿物为蓝辉铜矿、辉铜矿、自然铜、铜蓝和银金矿。成矿作用主要受区域构造、侵入杂岩体、Darai组灰岩地层、断裂等因素的控制。根据矿床的主岩、矿石特征、蚀变特征和控矿因素,认为该矿床成因类型属于较为典型的夕卡岩一斑岩型矿床。     

浅谈紫金山铜矿区蓝辉铜矿及其他铜硫化物特征

紫金山铜矿区的蓝辉铜矿成因一直存有争论,其关键点在于对次生成因或原生成因的认识。文章对铜矿石光片进行反光显微镜观察,总结了铜矿物的生成顺序及分布特点,并讨论前人对蓝辉铜矿成因研究的不同成果,提出自己的一点研究看法。     

Ore minerals down to the nanoscale: Cu-(Fe)-sulphides from the iron oxide copper gold deposit at Olympic Dam,South Australia

Cu-Fe-sulphide mineral assemblages from the Olympic Dam (OD) Fe-oxide Cu-U-Au-Ag deposit, South Australia, are studied down to the nanoscale to explore the potential these minerals have for understanding genetic processes such as primary deposit zonation. Cu-Fe-sulphide pairs: ‘brown’ bornite associated with chalcopyrite (bornite-chalcopyrite zone); and symplectites of ‘purple’ bornite with species from the chalcocite group, Cu_2 − xS (bornite-chalcocite zone), co-define an upwards and inwards deposit-scale zonation at OD. In the bornite-chalcocite zone, there is also an increase in the proportion of chalcocite relative to bornite within the symplectites towards upper levels. In this case, two-phase Cu_2 − xS assemblages are also present, as anisotropic, hexagonal chalcocite (CcH) with lamellar exsolutions of digenite, distinguishable at the μm-scale. Using compositional data (electron microprobe) combined with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) study of foils prepared in–situ via Focused Ion Beam (FIB)-SEM, we show that Cu-Fe-sulphides from different ore zones feature nanoscale intergrowths, lattice defects, superstructure domains (na) and antiphase boundary domains (APBs) that can be interpreted as due to exsolution, coarsening and phase transformation during cooling from high-T solid solutions in the system Cu-Fe-S and sub-systems according to published phase diagrams. ‘Brown’ bornite [(Cu + Fe)/S > 5] contains pervasive lamellae of chalcopyrite which extend down to the nanoscale; such specimens appear homogeneous at the μm-scale. ‘Purple bornite’ [(Cu + Fe)/S < 5] in high-bornite symplectites is associated with chalcocite that shows APBs with 6a digenite and low-T chalcocite. Comparable APBs are also found in the ‘chalcocite’ zone with apparent homogeneity at the μm-scale. Both bornites contain exsolutions of djurleite. Systematic variation of Me/S and Cu/Fe in the two types of bornite points, however, to distinct origins from different bornite solid-solutions in the system Cu-Fe-S. Both show 2a and 4a intermediate superstructures. High-order superstructures (6a and incommensurate na) are restricted to the ‘purple’ bornite whereas the 2a4a low-T superstructure is found in both cases. Me/S ratios in the chalcocite group are variable; lower ratios (down to 1.8; digenite) are more common in chalcocite from symplectites with ‘purple’ bornite. Me/S can be as low as 1.4 where associated with ‘blue’ varieties (‘blaubleibender covellin’) of replacement origin. The two-phase Cu_2 − xS associations contain hexagonal chalcocite (Me/S = 1.95), lamellae of Cu-rich digenite (Me/S = 1.92), and anilite (Cu₇S₄) as nm-scale lamellae. Digenite shows 3a and 6a superstructures and CcH shows transition to pseudo-orthorhombic chalcocite. The presence of superstructures, high-T species and APBs is evidence for Cu-(Fe)-sulphide formation from high-T solid solutions at T > 300 °C (high-T phases, Cu-poor digenite), followed by cooling along distinct paths down to < 120 °C (APBs). The scenario of ‘exsolution from primary solid-solution’, corroborated by the consistency in phase relations within each zone across different scales of observation from deposit scale to nanoscale, backs up a model of primary hypogene ore precipitation rather than replacement, and accounts for the observed vertical zoning at OD. The FIB-TEM approach here is readily applicable to other deposits and shows that nanoscale observations are a valuable, although often overlooked, source of information to constrain ore genesis.     

平顶山金矿床黄铁矿化学成分特征及其找矿意义

本文依据21件黄铁矿样品的电子探针成分分析数据,讨论了Au,Ag,Fe,Co,Ni,S,As,Sb,Cu,Te,Sn,Se等13个元素在黄铁矿中的含量和S/Fe,As/Sb比值在时间和空间上的变化规律。对矿体上的黄铁矿单晶体进行的能谱扫描电镜成分分析,Fe,S,As等成分在黄铁矿内部呈环带状分布,由晶体中心向边缘,它们的含量呈脉动式变化,反映成矿热液活动频繁。     

Studies of Metallic and Trace Minerals of the Tiegelongnan Cu‐Au Deposit,Central Tibet,China

Electron probe micro-analysis(EPMA) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS) have been used to investigate the principal ore minerals and coexisting metallic mineral inclusions in polished thin sections from the Tiegelongnan deposit, which consists of a high-sulfidation epithermal system(HSES) and a porphyry system(PS). Molybdenite,chalcopyrite, bornite, tennantite, enargite, digenite, anilite, covellite, and tetrahedrite have been identified by EPMA. Intergrowth, cross-cutting and replacement relationships between the metallic minerals suggest that molybdenite formed first(stage 1),followed by chalcopyrite ± bornite ± hematite(stage 2),then bornite ± Cu-sulfides ± Cu-Fe-sulfoarsenides(stage 3),and lastly Cu-Fe-sulfoarsenides ±Cu-sulfides(stage 4). Pyrite is developed throughout all the stages. Droplet-like inclusions of Au-Te minerals commonly occur in tennantite but not in the other major sulfides(molybdenite, chalcopyrite and bornite),implying that tennantite is the most important Au telluride carrier. The pervasive binary equilibrium phases of calaverite and altaite constrain f_(Te2) in the range from ～-6.5 to ～-8 and f_(S2)-11.The intergrowth of bornite and chalcopyrite and the conversion from bornite to digenite suggest fluctuated and relatively low precipitation temperature conditions in the HSES relative to the PS.Contrastingly, the dominance of chalcopyrite in the PS, with minor bornite, suggests relatively high temperature conditions. These new results are important for further understanding the mineral formation processes superimposed by HSES and PS systems.     

Experimental simulation of phase relationships and zoning of magmatic nickel-copper sulfide Ores, Russia

The quasiequilibrium directed crystallization technique was used for experimental simulation of zoning characteristic of Cu-rich pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite-cubanite-mooihoekite-haycockite ores at the Oktyabr??sky deposit. Directed crystallization of samples I (Fe 32.55, Cu 10.70, Ni 5.40, S. 51.00, Pt = Pd = Rh = Ir= Au = Ag = 0.05 at %) and II (Fe 33.74, Cu 15.94, Ni 1.48, S. 48.75, Pt = Pd = 0.05 at %) was performed. These samples approximate average composition of the ore. Monosulfide (mms) and intermediate (iss) solid solutions progressively crystallized from the melt. The curves of ore element distribution in samples have been drawn. The partition coefficients (k) of ore elements between solid solutions and sulfide melt have been determined depending on melt composition. The paths of melt, mss, and iss compositions are supplemented by tie lines connecting compositions of equilibrium liquid and solid phases. The phase composition of samples after cooling was studied using an optical microscope, XRD, and microprobe. The zoning of sample I is described by the following sequence of phases: monoclinic pyrrhotite ?? hexagonal pyrrhotite + tetragonal chalcopyrite ?? tetragonal and cubic chalcopyrite + pentlandite + bornite. Crystallized sample II consists of four zones: (1) hexagonal pyrrhotite and isocubanite; (2) hexagonal pyrrhotite, cubanite, and pentlandite; (3) low-S pc-phase close to haycockite and pentlandite; and (4) mooihoekite, pentlandite, and bornite mixtures. This sequence corresponds to the secondary zoning, which reflects both the primary fractionation of components and the solid-phase reactions during cooling of the crystallized sample. The Rh, Ru, and Ir partition coefficients between mss and melt have been measured, and speciation of PGM in samples has been identified. The results obtained are compared with typical natural Cu-rich sulfide ore of the Oktyabr??sky deposit.     

Intermediate sulfidation epithermal Pb-Zn-Cu (±Ag-Au) mineralization at Cheshmeh Hafez deposit, Semnan province, Iran

The Cheshmeh Hafez epithermal base metal deposit is located in Troud-Chah Shirin mountain range in the Alborz magmatic belt of northern Iran. In this area, the Eocene volcanism and associated mineralization are controlled by NW-SE trending Anjilo and Troud major faults. Geological units are composed of porphyritic andesite, andesitic basalt, dacite, rhyodacite, trachyandesite and basalt, which are typically high-K igneous rocks transitional to shoshonites. Alteration in Cheshmeh Hafez area comprise of propylilitization, sericitization, argillization and silicification. Mineralization consists of three stages. Stage 1, quartz, carbonate with early pyrite I and chalcopyrite assemblages. Stage 2, the main stage of sulfide deposition, comprises early euhedral galena I followed by galena II and sphalerite, then galena III, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, pyrite II, bornite and digenite. Stage 3 involves the deposition of quartz and calcite barren veins with minor pyrite. The average assays from 12 channel samples of Cheshmeh Hafez veins are 0.15 g/t Au, 3.23 g/t Ag, 4.47 wt % Pb, 2.64 wt % Cu, and 1.73 wt % Zn. Fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures (Th) in quartz fall within the range of 140°-280°C with salinities ranging from 4.7 to 18 wt. % NaCl equivalent. Comparison of Th versus ice melting (Tm_ice) values indicates fluid dilution.     

内蒙花敖包特Pb-Zn-Ag多金属矿床原生晕分带特征与深部矿体预测模型

花敖包特Pb-Zn-Ag多金属矿床构造上位于滨西太平洋成矿域内蒙古大兴安岭成矿带南段, 是一个近年来发现的与白垩纪早期构造岩浆活动有关的隐伏热液脉状矿床.研究表明: (1)矿体原生晕发育, 且分带明显.据其异常强度建立的元素横向分带顺序(从强到弱)为Cd→Pb→Zn→Ag→Sb→In→Hg→As→Cu→Sn→W→Mo→Bi, 排在序列前面的Cd、Pb、Zn、Sb、Ag等5种元素, 可作为远矿指示元素; 排在序列后端的As、Bi、Mo、W等4种元素, 可作为近矿指示元素.(2)根据Grigorian原生晕分带计算方法, 获得矿体原生晕轴向分带序列(自矿体头部至尾部)为Sb→Pb→Cd→Ag→Zn→Hg→Cu→In→As→Bi→Sn→Mo→W, 与Grigorian建立热液矿床标准分带基本一致.(3)构建深部矿体找矿模型, 其预测评价指标(Sb×Pb×Cd×Ag)_D/(As×Sn×Mo×W)_D在矿体头部为1.30、矿体中上部为0.35、矿体中下部为0.056、矿体尾部为0.005, 这表明该指标随深度的增加有规律地降低, 是预测深部矿体资源潜力的有效指标.      

甘肃马泉金矿伴生元素特征及剥蚀程度研究

对马泉金矿伴生元素的一般特征、组合特征和垂直分带做了细致的研究，并以此为基础进一步对矿床的剥蚀深度做了较详细论证。马泉金矿矿石伴生元素的垂直分带（由上至下）为Bi-Cu-Hg-Ag-Pb-Sb-Au-As-Zn-Be-Mo;与Au相关的元素依次为As、Sb、Cu、Zn、Ag。矿床已剥蚀到中上部，四号矿带东段及五号矿带深部仍有盲矿体存在。     

西藏多龙矿集区发现浅成低温热液型铜(金银)矿床

根据2013年最新勘查成果、详细的地质编录,对西藏多龙铜金矿集区铁格龙南(荣那)铜(金银)矿床地质特征、矿床类型进行了初步研究,认为该矿床是斑岩-浅成低温热液成矿系统的产物,是典型的高硫型浅成低温热液矿床。矿床规模巨大,矿石中发育条带状、层纹状、皮壳状、致密块状明矾石、地开石,深部发育黄铁绢英岩化,黄铁矿的含量为3%~35%,矿石矿物由铜蓝、蓝辉铜矿、硫砷铜矿、斯硫铜矿、雅硫铜矿、久辉铜矿、斜方蓝辉铜矿、斑铜矿、黝铜矿、黄铜矿等组成。综合研究表明,推断浅部或外围发育独立的高硫型浅成低温热液型金矿,深部存在斑岩型铜(金银)矿体。该矿体的发现结束了西藏至今没有发现典型浅成低温热液矿床的历史,对区域找矿具有极其重要的指导意义。     

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿元素分布规律及地质意义

甲玛铜多金属矿床已经成为冈底斯成矿带内为数不多的铜品位高、规模大、矿体连续性好的超大型斑岩-矽卡岩-角岩型铜多金属矿床。文章根据167个钻孔的成矿元素化学分析结果,对各元素平面分带、（Pb+Zn）/Cu、Au/Cu、Mo/Cu、Pb/Ag、Zn/Pb、Zn/Cu比值分带以及剖面上元素的分带等进行了系统分析,认为甲玛铜多金属矿具有典型的与岩浆成矿作用有关的元素分带特征,矿体由深部向浅部具有Mo→Mo（Cu）→Cu+Mo→Cu（Pb+Zn+Mo）→Cu（Pb+Zn）→Pb+Zn的成矿元素分带现象,具有高温→中低温成矿演化的特点。研究提出,成矿流体的运移方向是由北东至南西,流体源位于矿区北东部的则古朗地区。这种典型的热液分带特征同海底喷流沉积矿床近管道相Pb/Ag比值高、远离喷口Zn/Pb、Zn/Cu比值高的元素分带特征有着本质的区别。矿区北部则古朗地区高Mo/Cu比值以及钼元素矿化强度随标高降低愈强的分布特点,均预示了该地区是深部隐伏含矿斑岩体之所在。