黑云母热光性的研究

一、概述本文研究的黑云母(少铁黑云母Meroxen),颜色为黑褐色,折射率Ng=1.6112,光轴角(-)2V=4°,色散V>γ.其化学成分(重量%)如下:SiO_2 36.95,Al_2O_3 16.69,Fe_2O_3 1.94,FeO6.37,MgO 20.22,CaO 0.14,Na_2O 0.45,K_2O 9.63,H_2O~+ 3.96,H_2O~- 0.68,TiO_2 2.38,P_2O_5 0.12,MnO O.12,F 0.62,总和为100.27.晶体化学式为:(K_(0.90)Na_(0.06)Ca_(0.01))_(0.97)(Mg_(2.21)Fe_(0.39)~(2+)Fe_(0.11)~(3+)Mn_(0.01)Ti_(0.13)Al_(0.15))_(3.00)(Si_(2.71)Al_(1.29))_(4.00)O_(10)(O_(1.23)OH_(0.62)F_(0.15))_(2.00).从常温到1500℃,每隔100℃,在高温炉内加热一个样品,恒温一小时后取出淬火.对加热后的样品分别作了肉眼及光性鉴定,其中折射率用油浸法,光轴角用弗氏台干涉图法测定.     

首次发现锰副硅灰石

锰副硅灰石是副硅灰石一个新变种矿物,为国内外首次发现。产于我国内蒙古矽卡岩型铅锌矿床中。矿物属于单斜晶系,空间群C_(2h)~5-P2_(1/c),晶胞参数a=1.47213,b=0.70489,c=0.69055nm,β=95.827°±0.03,V=0.71289nm~3,Z=12。化学分子式为(Ca_(0.75)Mn_(0.19)Fe_(0.068))_(1.00)Si_(1.00)O_3,属于硅灰石亚族矿物。     

白云鄂博矿床霓石的研究

霓石是白云鄂博矿床主要含铁硅酸盐矿物。本文采用俄歇能谱、穆斯堡尔谱、X射线衍射、红外光谱及电子探针等现代测试手段研究了该矿床中两种霓石样品(AW-1、AW-2)的特征及差异。研究表明,它们均呈长柱状晶体,AW-1端部较尖锐,AW-2端部较粗钝。晶体化学式及晶胞参数分别为:AW-1:(Na_(1.269)Ca_(0.001))_(1.270)(Fe_(0.755)Mg_(0.045)Al_(0.063)Ti_(0.003))_(0.666)Si_(2.043)O_6,a=0.9635nm,b=0.8782nm,c=0.5290nm;AW-2:(Na_(1.64)Ca_(0.016))_(1.18)(Fe_(0.902)Mg_(0.002)Al_(0.089) Ti_(0.007) Ce_(0.002) Mn_(0.002))_(1.004) Si_(1.947)O_6,a=0.9636nm b=0.8772nm c=0.5307nm。AW-1较AW-2晶形完整,晶体破裂主要是沿着垂直于Fe—O方向断裂,断裂面存在大量Fe~(3+)和少量Si~(4+),无明显Na~+存在,且讨论了其选矿意义。     

新矿物报导

我国自1984年9月到现在为止,经国际矿物协会(IMA)新矿物与矿物命名委员会(CNMMN)批准的新矿物又有6个,它们是: 二连石Erlianite(Fe_(9.90)~(2+)Mgo_(0.66)Ca_(0.40)Mn_(0.21)Ti_(0.13)Na_(0.08)K_(0.04))_(11.42)(Fe_(7.11)~(3+)Al_(0.10)P_(0.02))     

Crichtonite族矿物在我国的研究进展与冕宁铀矿的发现

回顾了锶铁钛矿(crichtonite)族矿物在我国的研究历史,从产状、物理性质、化学成分以及晶体结构等方面重点介绍了锶铁钛矿族新成员——冕宁铀矿。锶铁钛矿族矿物属三方晶系,结构通式为A~ⅫB~ⅥC_(18)~ⅥT_2~Ⅳ(Φ)_(38)。冕宁铀矿是锶铁钛矿族第15个成员,产自牦牛坪稀土矿包子山煌斑岩破碎带中(N28°24'20″,E101°59'3″),经验化学式为[□_(0.322)(Pb_(0.215)Ba_(0.037)Sr_(0.036)Ca_(0.010))_(0.298)(Ce_(0.128)La_(0.077)Nd_(0.012))_(0.217)(Na_(0.127)K_(0.036))_(0.163)]_(1.000)(U_(0.447)~(4+)Mn_(0.293)U_(0.112)~(6+)Y_(0.091)Zr_(0.023)Th_(0.011))_(0.977)(Fe_(1.224)~(3+)Fe_(0.243)~(2+)Mg_(0.023)P_(0.008)Si_(0.006_□_(0.496))_(2.000)(Ti_(12.464)Fe_(5.292)~(3+)V_(0.118)~(5+)Nb_(0.083)Al_(0.026)Cr_(0.017)~(3+))_(18.000)O_(38.000);晶胞参数为a=1.03462(5)nm,c=2.08372(2)nm,V=1.93165(20)nm~3,Z=3,空间群R3;晶体多呈半自形板状,粒径1~2 mm,黑色,条痕黑色,半金属光泽,不透明,性脆,贝壳状断口,解理、裂开和荧光性均不发育;莫氏硬度约为6,密度为4.62(8)g/cm~3。由于铀等放射性元素的辐射,冕宁铀矿发育有不同程度的非晶质化。冕宁铀矿是锶铁钛矿族第一个A位以空位为主的矿物种。该矿物以其产地命名,已获得了国际矿物学会新矿物及矿物分类命名委员会(CNMNC-IMA)的正式批准(IMA 2014-072)。     

鉄鱗石——蛇紋石族矿物新变种

鉄鱗石产于北京延庆超基性岩体中,1961年暑期,在野外曾暫定名为“絹石”(Bastite),它是斜方輝石族矿物水热蝕变的产物。矿物呈暗棕綠色鳞片状集合体,化学結构式为:(Mg_(4.6)Fe(0.5))_(5.1)Fe_(0.6)(Si_4O_(10))(OH)_8。根据它的物理性貭和光学性貭,在A.N.文     

江苏省首次找到锂皂石粘土岩

汉克托石—Hetorite;Гекторит,是一种不含铝而含锂、镁的、其层间阳离子钠可被钙交换的含水硅酸盐矿物。它的分子式:(Ca_(0.5)Na)×(H_2O)_4{Mg_(3-x)Lix[Si_4O_(10)](OH),F},X≈0.33,或者写成{Si_8(Mg_(4.95),Li_(1.05))O_(20)(OH)_4}Mg_(1.05)~+·H_2O,其中Mg~+几乎经常是Na~+。晶体结构为三八面体型,归属于蒙脱石—蛭石族中的蛭石亚族成员。该矿物首先发现于美国加利福尼亚州的汉克托,故而得名汉克托石。     

湖南首次发现累托石

累托石发现于辰溪县西北部一个水晶矿床的泥质物中。呈白色板状或片状,镜下呈纤维状。油脂光泽,比重2.25。SiO_2和Al_2O_3的含量分别为50.78％和33.69％,F_2O_3、FeO、MgO、K_2O、Na_2O、CaO、MnO和P_2O_5的总含量为4.91％。化学式为(Na_(0.415),Fe,K_(0.025),Mg_(0.018),Ca_(0.015))_(0.519)(H_3O)~+{Al_2[Al_(0.582)Si_(3.418)O_(10)](OH)_2}·3H_2O。     

流纹英安凝灰岩中发现铁铝榴石

铁铝榴石在凝灰岩中有两种产状:一种呈晶屑状稀疏地分布于凝灰岩中;另一种为四角三八面体和菱形十二面体的聚形铁铝榴石晶体,生于凝灰岩的孔洞中和柱状节理面上。 铁铝榴石为褐红色,少数为血红色,玻璃光泽,断口油脂光泽,透明。摩式硬度6—7.5,无解理,比重:D_1(晶屑)=4.15、D_2(晶体)=4.10。薄片下为浅褐色,均质体,折射率:N_1(晶屑)=1.822、N_2(晶体)=1.823。铁铝榴石结晶化学式: 晶屑:(Fe_(1.779)~(2 )Mn_(0.750)Mg_(0.022)Ca_(0.057))_(2.608)(Al_(1.890)Fe_(0.178)~(3 )Ti_(0.009))_(2.077)Si_(3.133)O_(12) 晶体:(Fe_(2.045)~(2 )Mn_(0.614)Mg_(0.025)Ca_(0.065))_(2.749)(Al_(1.759)Fe_(0.062)~(3 )Ti_(0.006))_(1.327)Si_(3.254)O_(12) 本文还作出了铁铝榴石晶屑和晶体的红外光谱吸收曲线。 流纹英安凝灰岩中的铁铝榴石晶屑是从岩浆中原始结晶的。而生于凝灰岩孔洞中和柱状节理面上的铁铝榴石晶体,则是凝灰岩在冷却成岩过程中火山气水热液作用的产物。 流纹英安凝灰岩中铁铝榴石的发现,为研究石榴石的产状提供了新资料。     

关于铷的独立矿物北大核心CSCD

虽然自然界铷(Rb)的独立矿物非常罕见,但至今已有3种Rb的独立矿物获国际矿物学协会新矿物命名及分类委员会(IMA-CNMNC)批准,分别为铷微斜长石(RbAlSi_(3)O_(8))、铷拉曼石(RbB_(5)O_(8)·4H_(2)O)和沃罗申石(Rb(LiAl_(1.5)□_(0.5))[Al_(0.5)Si_(3.5)O_(10)]F_(2))。它们均产于稀有金属伟晶岩中,在战略性金属Rb矿资源的科学研究、勘查开发中应予以关注。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.