青海湖布哈河流域树轮宽度指数与NDVI植被指数的关系

利用来自青海湖流域乌兰和天峻的树轮指数和1982-2003年逐月标准化植被指数(NDVI)数据及气候数据, 在分析树轮指数及草地NDVI与气候因子关系的基础上, 探讨了树轮宽度指数序列与青海湖布哈河流域草地NDVI之间的关系.结果表明: 树轮宽度指数及草地NDVI主要受6-8月份的水热条件的影响, 温度与同期树轮宽度指数及草地NDVI具有较高的正相关, 而降水的影响存在滞后性.树木年轮指数序列与6-8月草地NDVI有显著的相关关系, 与8月份的NDVI相关性最强.树轮指数与草地NDVI间的显著相关性为研究该地区草地过去的动态变化提供了基础, 利用乌兰和天峻的两条树轮指数重建了8月份NDVI的千年变化.     

树轮气候学中树木年轮密度分析方法的研究进展

树木年轮密度（树轮密度）分析作为树轮气候学的一种研究方法,能够提取更准确的环境信息,应用范围更广,在过去环境变化研究中受到越来越广泛的重视。讨论了树轮密度测量技术与树轮密度分析方法在过去气候变化研究中的发展历程及最新研究成果,认为X射线分析法仍然是目前被广泛采用的树轮密度分析手段,基于树轮密度数据的过去温度变化重建仍是树轮密度研究的主要方向。相关研究表明：森林上限和高纬度地区树木年轮的最大晚材密度对夏季温度变化非常敏感,可以用来重建过去几百年、乃至千年的不同空间尺度的温度变化;树轮早材密度或最小早材密度对降水量的响应比较显著,但目前主要集中于重建区域小尺度的降水量变化方面。另外,树轮密度分析结果还可以用来研究某些气候要素分量的变化（季节变化、气候事件爆发的早晚和持续时间等）、区域气候变化的影响因子以及海气动力机制、气压异常等。     

福建沙县马尾松树轮宽度与夏季亚洲-太平洋涛动指数的关系

根据采自福建沙县萝卜岩保护区的树轮样本,建立了一个长度为207年的树轮宽度标准化年表.通过相关分析发现,树轮宽度标准化年表序列与夏秋干旱季节温度存在显著的负相关.同时,还发现树轮宽度标准化年表序列与夏季亚洲-太平洋涛动指数(IAPO)具有良好的相关性,相关系数为0.60(p＜0.01),这种关系实质上指示了夏秋干旱季节...     

祁连山中东部青海云杉径向生长对气候变暖的响应差异

气候变暖对森林生态系统产生了深刻影响,而树木生长对气候变化做出了不同的响应。本研究利用采自祁连山中、东部不同海拔梯度的青海云杉（Picea crassifolia）树轮样本,分别建立了中部和东部6个树轮宽度年表,分析了树木径向生长与各气候要素的关系以及随时间变化的稳定性。结果表明：祁连山中部青海云杉对降水和scPDSI较东部更为敏感。中部树轮宽度年表与当年5—7月的scPDSI极显著正相关（P<0.001）,东部树轮宽度年表与前一年9月和当年5月scPDSI显著正相关,表明中部LCH区域青海云杉径向生长主要受当年5—7月土壤水分条件的限制;东部XYH区域则受前一年9月和当年5月的土壤水分的限制。20世纪80年代中东部温度显著升高（P<0.001）,中东部树木生长受高温引起的干旱胁迫增强;20世纪90年代以后,由于中部降水增加而东部降水变化不明显,中部树木生长干旱压力得到缓解,东部森林受干旱的限制作用增强。此外,中东部青海云杉与温度、降水和scPDSI的相关关系逐渐趋向一致,未来气候的持续变暖或许将减小中东部树轮-气候关系的差异。     

树轮记录的过去384a乌鲁木齐河源7月温度变化

利用采自乌鲁木齐河源上树线跃进桥东采样点的雪岭云杉树轮样本,分析了其年表特征和气候响应特点.结果表明:采样点树轮早材密度标准化年表与和大西沟气象站7月份平均最高温度具有很好的正相关关系.用跃进桥东采样点的早材密度标准化年表序列,可较好地重建乌鲁木齐河源1623-2006年的7月平均最高温度,1959-2006年48 a...     

1981-2006年西北干旱区NDVI时空分布变化对水热条件的响应

气候是植被变化的重要驱动因子. 利用1981-2006年GIMMS归一化植被指数（NDVI）时间序列数据,结合68个气象站降水、气温数据和DEM地形数据等资料,研究分析了西北干旱区植被活动的年、季变化和空间差异. 结果显示：在1981-2006年的26 a,西北干旱区植被的覆盖率增加了4.5%,年平均NDVI增加了3.2%;植被的生长季延长,主要表现在生长季的推迟. 从总体来说,植被覆盖率、生长季和NDVI值在2000年以前显著增加,而在2000年以后都呈现减小的趋势;其中,减少明显的区域是在伊犁河谷、中天山及平原区,在河流上游山区或源头以及部分河流两岸呈现增加态势;在年际变化上,大部分区域的气温、降水与NDVI相关性不强. 而年平均气温在4.58 ℃以下低温区和年降水在180 mm以上的相对湿润区,气温和降水都呈现正相关;在季节变化上,NDVI值在春季和秋季与温度相关显著,而夏季与降水相关性强. 2000年以后,植被覆盖率和NDVI值开始出现降低趋势与气温持续升高、降水量增幅下降有关.     

1982～2006年全球植被生长时空变化

基于遥感和地理信息系统技术,利用 1982～2006年间NOAA-AVHRR获得的归一化植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,简称NDVI)数据对全球最近25年来的植被生长的动态变化及其与温度、降水的相关关系进行了分析.结果表明: 25年间,全球植被生长季NDVI总体上呈显著上升趋势(R2=0.27,P<0.01),尤其在1982～1997年间(R2=0.68,P<0.01); 而在最近的10年(1997～2006年),全球平均生长季NDVI呈下降趋势(R2=0.34,P=0.08).不同地区生长季NDVI变化趋势存在较大差异.1982～2006年间,热带地区生长季NDVI增加速度最快(R2=0.32,P<0.01),其次为北半球中高纬地区(R2=0.14,P=0.06),而南半球温带地区平均生长季NDVI主要处于波动中(R2=0.04,P=0.31).生长季平均NDVI与气候因子之间相关关系分析表明,北半球中高纬大部分地区植被的NDVI与温度成正相关,说明温度上升对该地区植被生长有利.     

青藏高原高寒草地植被指数变化与地表温度的相互关系

为了解脆弱的高原生态环境对升温过程的响应, 利用1982-2006年国家标准地面气象站地表温度和GIMMS-NDVI数据集, 探讨了青藏高原高寒草地植被指数和地表温度的变化特征及其相互关系. 结果表明:1982-2006年, 高寒草地NDVI、地表温度整体均呈现增加趋势, 年均NDVI、生长季NDVI、年最大NDVI(NDVI_max)与年均地表温度、生长季地表温度的上升趋势分别为0.007 (10a)^-1、0.011 (10a)^-1、0.007 (10a)^-1与0.60 ℃·(10a)^-1、0.43 ℃·(10a)^-1; NDVI_max与地表温度显著相关的地区达70.49%. 但是高原地形、气候、水文环境的空间差异性导致高寒草地NDVI与地表温度的相关关系十分复杂. NDVI_max与年均地表温度的相关性最为显著; 在返青期和枯萎期, NDVI与地表温度均为显著正相关. 不同的植被覆盖条件下, NDVI对地表温度的响应不同:植被覆盖差以及退化严重的地区, NDVI_max与地表温度呈负相关性; 反之, NDVI_max与地表温度主要表现为正相关.     

利用树木年轮宽度资料重建川西米亚罗地区过去200年夏季温度的变化

利用川西高原米亚罗地区林线位置高山柏(Sabina squamata)的年轮宽度资料,分析了树轮年表和气候要素的关系.通过相关和响应函数分析得出,树木径向生长对于夏季(6～7月)温度响应最为敏感,上年冬季到早春(12～3月)温度也对树木生长有一定的影响,而年表与降雨没有明显的关系.最终利用树轮年表重建了该地区过去200...     

2000-2014年蒙古高原植被覆盖时空变化特征及其对地表水热因子的响应

利用MODIS NDVI数据、同期地表水热组合数据和植被类型数据,对2000-2014年蒙古高原生长季和三季（春、夏、秋季）植被覆盖时空演变特征及其对地表水热因子响应模式进行分析。研究表明：这15 a来,蒙古高原生长季及三季归一化植被指数NDVI均呈增加趋势,且呈显著增加趋势区域主要集中在内蒙古地区,一定程度上反映了该地区生态恢复工程的有效性。研究区植被覆盖变化与地表水分指数LSWI有密切的关系,因此证明研究区植被覆盖的增加归因于自然和人为因素的共同作用。不同类型植被NDVI均呈增加趋势,其中荒漠植被NDVI增加最明显,森林植被增加平缓,且存在季节性差异。此外,不同类型植被NDVI受水热因子影响也存在季节性差异。     

No altitude‐dependent effects of climatic signals are recorded in Smith fir tree‐ring δ18O on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau,despite a shift in tree growth

To reveal the influence of current warming on tree growth and δ¹⁸O in a sensitive high‐latitude region that is undergoing rapid climate change, we examined tree width and the earlywood and latewood δ¹⁸O at two sites with a 400‐m elevation difference in the Sygera Mountains of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. The study period was from 1950 to 2011. The mean tree‐ring index at the low site was higher than that at the high site during the study period. The climatic responses of earlywood and latewood δ¹⁸O at both sites were similar. Earlywood δ¹⁸O was mainly influenced by the June to August temperature and total cloud cover, whereas latewood δ¹⁸O was mainly controlled by relative humidity from July to August. Spatial correlations with CRU TS 3.1 regional data suggest that our δ¹⁸O chronologies can represent climatic changes over large regions. The high offset between earlywood δ¹⁸O at the two sites (2.3‰ higher at the low site) was mainly influenced by the high temperature lapse rate as a function of altitude during the earlywood growing season. Furthermore, meltwater with lower δ¹⁸O values might have affected earlywood δ¹⁸O at the high site, and thereby increased the earlywood δ¹⁸O offset between two sites. The low latewood δ¹⁸O offset between the two sites (0.4‰ higher at the low site) was not significant, but appears to have been primarily influenced by the low precipitation δ¹⁸O lapse rate as a function of altitude during the latewood growing season. Earlywood δ¹⁸O of Smith fir suitable for reconstructing past temperatures and latewood δ¹⁸O suitable for reconstructing past relative humidity on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau were identified.     

Spatial and temporal stability of the climatic signal in northern Fennoscandian pine tree-ring width and maximum density

The spatial and temporal stability of the climatic signal in pine tree - ring width and maximum density is examined using data from four sites in northern Sweden and Finland. Moving-window multiple linear regression, using monthly and daily climate data, indicates that ring widths at all sites have been strongly controlled by July temperatures throughout the past century. The relationship between maximum density and temperature is stronger but much less stable across both space and time. Shifts in the hottest part of the summer do not explain large shifts in the period most strongly influencing density. It is concluded that palaeoclimate reconstructions based on northern Fennoscandian pine tree - ring width chronologies should be restricted to the temperature of midsummer (July), whereas maximum density should be used to reconstruct the temperature of a longer growth season (June to August). They thus provide different and compl e mentary palaeoclimate signals. At all four sites, the correlation between maximum density and June to August mean temperature is lowest in the latter half of the 20th century, but split sample tests with strong verification statistics (RE and CE) show that this represents a quantitative change in the strength of the correlation with climate, rather than a qualitative change in the nature of that relationship, and thus does not invalidate climate reconstructions.     

Stable isotope coherence in the earlywood and latewood of tree-line conifers

Annually resolved and replicated tree-ring stable isotope series have the potential to reconstruct growing season environmental parameters over multi-millennial timescales. As this archive may require only minimal statistical detrending, it has the potential to preserve a large portion of low frequency climate signals. To date, many studies have utilised only the latewood portion of the tree ring, in an attempt to minimize carry-over effects from previous year reserves and maximise the annual nature of the climate signal preserved. However, the old trees from tree-line locations, necessary to build long chronologies, often display narrow ring-widths (< 0.5 mm), making accurate earlywood–latewood separation difficult and particular time consuming. The resulting samples may also be too small for efficient cellulose purification or multiple isotopic determinations. As photosynthates from the current year are predominantly used in conifer ring formation at marginal sites with short growing seasons, latewood separation may not be especially advantageous in determining a useful climate signal and therefore unnecessary where resources are limited. To test this hypothesis, Scots pine from Northern Norway and European larch from the Swiss Alps are used. Both sites are tree-line locations where growth is predominantly temperature limited. Tree rings were cut and extracted to cellulose for both the earlywood and latewood of each annual growth ring and stable carbon isotope ratios were measured. Our results demonstrate a very high common carbon isotope signal between earlywood and latewood in both species (r_larch = 0.68 and r_pine = 0.79), which also show high correlations with summer temperature over the investigated period (AD 1980–2004 for larch and AD 1929–1978 for pine). High turnover rates and small reserve pools at these tree-line locations may account for these high common signals. These results suggest that for European tree-line conifers, the separation of earlywood from latewood is unnecessary to resolve an annual isotopic signal and make a reliable climate calibration. Using the whole ring may provide additional analytical advantages and consequently even improve climate calibrations.     

Tree ring width variations over western Himalaya in India and its linkage with heat and aridity indices

Tree ring chronologies from different sites of western Himalaya have been carried out in relation to rainfall, temperature, palmer drought severity index, and heat and aridity indices of the region. The first principal component which was developed using the multi-sites chronologies of Himalaya has explained 50% common variance is positively correlated with rainfall, aridity and palmer drought severity index and negatively with temperature and heat index during spring season (February–May). The existence of strong correlation indicates that heat and aridity indices over the region might be one of the important climatic parameters which play the significant role in tree growth process. Particularly, heat index’s influence over the region indicated larger impact on annual ring width patterns than temperature.     

Common temperature signal in four well‐replicated tree growth series from northern Fennoscandia

Four Nordic temperature proxies based on tree growth at the northern timberline – ring‐width from Sweden and Finland, maximum latewood density from Sweden, and height increment from Finland – were compared. Three indexing methods were used to enhance the low (centennial and above), medium (decadal‐to‐multidecadal) and high (decadal‐to‐interannual) frequencies. The proxies are shown to have a strong temperature signal (common variance) at the interannual‐to‐multidecadal scale, while the multidecadal‐to‐centennial trends are less coherent, perhaps reflecting intra‐regional differences in growing conditions but more likely due to the more noisy regional curve standardization method used to retain the longest trends. Various methods of combining the four proxy series were explored and tested by comparison with four long temperature records from northern Fennoscandia. Only relatively high‐frequency, spline‐indexed series produced consistently positive verification statistics as a reconstruction model for summer temperature using all four proxies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

树轮宽度记录的天山东段近200a干湿变化

利用采自天山东部两处不同地点上下限的西伯利亚落叶松(Larix sibirica Ledb.)树轮样芯,分别建立了树轮宽度年表.经相关普查和响应函数的计算表明,天山东段森林下限的树轮年表与该地区3~6月的降水和气温相关显著,通过定义湿润指数,以树轮宽度为指标,重建了天山东段巴里坤地区近200 a来春季至初夏湿润指数的演变历史,解释方差为42%.统计分析表明,重建的湿润指数序列与邻近气象站的器测资料计算得到的湿润指数序列呈显著的正相关关系.重建序列能较好地反映天山东段近200 a来春季至初夏的干湿变化,在200 a中有6个显著的湿润时段和7个显著的干旱时段.天山东段近200 a来3~6月湿润指数序列的显著周期是11 a,然后依次存在16 a、5 a、8 a、3 a和32 a的稳定周期.     

An 810‐year history of cold season temperature variability for northern Poland

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a widely used tree species in European dendroclimatology studies due to its common distribution across much of the continent. Almost all studies find radial growth strongly related to summer temperature, a result reflecting site selection at high elevation/latitude environments where trees grow at their ecophysiological limits. Due to the amount of attention spent on these sites there is a geographical and seasonal bias in temperature reconstructions based upon tree‐ring proxies in Europe. To overcome the limited availability of tree‐ring data in temperate lowlands, we present a northern Poland ring‐width chronology developed from living and historic Scots pine material with a strong common growth signal going back to AD 1200. Investigations into climate‐growth relationships found year‐to‐year ring‐width variability to be more strongly correlated to cold season temperature (November to April) prior to the growing season than summer temperatures during tree‐ring formation. Based on this relationship it was possible to reconstruct cold season temperature conditions for the last 810 years. Spatial field correlations with gridded instrumental records indicated that the reconstruction provides relevant cold season temperature information across the land regions bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Baltic Sea, lowlands and uplands of western and central Europe, and the eastern and central interior of Russia. Despite an unsuccessful attempt to find a stationary relationship with the North Atlantic Oscillation, comparisons with several cold season temperature reconstructions confirmed the long‐term connection between our reconstructed temperature series for northern Poland and the wider area.     

黑河下游胡杨季节尺度径向生长变化研究

利用半径型树木生长测量仪, 于2009-2010年生长季对西北内陆河-黑河流域下游荒漠河岸林优势树种-胡杨径向生长进行了监测, 结合环境气象、 水文因子同步监测资料, 对胡杨季节变化节律和环境影响因素进行了研究.结果表明: 按照胡杨径向生长日变化特征, 将其分为增长型(ΔR+)、 负增长型(ΔR-)和持续增长型(ΔR++)3种类型.在生长季, 胡杨径向生长季节变化呈"S"型, 可分为前期缓慢增长(P1)、 迅速增长(P2)和后期微弱增长(P3) 3个阶段; ΔR+/++类型在这3个阶段中所占比例分别为63.64%, 85.51%和48.61%; 5月末至8月初是胡杨年轮形成的主要阶段, 在该阶段气温和地下水位埋深均表现出显著的相关关系, 但地下水位埋深应是最根本的因素. 因此, 在树木年轮学应用方面, 胡杨可以用来反演区域水环境变化, 包括河道径流和地下水位变化等. 在荒漠河岸林管理方面, 满足春夏季地下水位条件和适度频率的春汛, 是保证该地区胡杨河岸林正常生长和保持合理种群结构的前提.