地磁,地倾斜记录时号电路

原来临汾地震台的地磁、地倾斜记录使用带触点的机械钟打时号,故障较多,每天对时较麻烦。针对以上情况,对地磁、地倾斜记录时号进行了革新、制作了一地磁、地倾斜时号钟电路,经过一段时间的使用,效果较好。时钟也可选购市场上带有音乐报时装置的石英钟,可利用其控制每小时接通一次报时的时号接点开关来替代须定时上弦、且走时稳定度差的机械钟,石英钟的日误差≤±0.3s,远高于规范日误差小于±5s 的要求。     

DC-A型高精度程控数字时号钟

地磁、地倾斜等前兆光记录仪的计时信号装置主要使用石英钟。根据在地震台多年使用石英钟的体会是,石英钟走时准确,但有以下缺点：①时号使用机械式簧片触点方式提供,时号长度很难调整;②石英钟价格较贵,维修不方便。针对地磁等台站石英时号钟老化需要更新的问题,笔者采用时控模块加外围电路,开发研制了一款适宜地磁CB3磁变仪、地倾斜仪等     

石英钟时号变换器

为了进一步提高地震台站现有仪器的技术性能,充分现有观测仪器及时获得连续、可靠、准确的第一手资料,针对地磁仪时号钟的缺点,考虑到SY2石英钟准确、稳定、可靠的优点,对地磁仪时间服务系统作了一些改进,试制了石英钟时号变换器。地磁时号钟原来是用机械闹钟外加一对时号触点改装而成,到整点时刻,触点闭合,接通时号灯供电回路,时号灯发亮,从而在照象纸上打出时号来。但机械闹钟的精度较低,而     

扩展BSZ—2型数字钟的功能

由于 BSZ-2型数字钟具有性能稳定,日钟差≤50ms。可直观地进行人工校时,并对时钟运行情况进行监视。可为测震观测提供准确的时间服务。因此各地震台广泛使用该钟。我区河池地震台地磁组原用 SY-2石英钟常出现偷停、走时不准,时号触点接触不良故障。为解决以上问题我们试利用测震组 BSZ-2型数字钟提供时标信号,该台自1992年11月使用至今,工作很好,证实是可行的。     

双触发可调式时号灯电路

在照相记录地磁倾斜仪中,时号灯一般采用弹簧片触点做电源开关,其工作时间的长短,通过机械钟带动凸轮控制弹簧片触点的闭合时间来实现。由于弹簧片间隙大小的调整掌握起来比较困难,即使经验丰富的观测人员,经过数次乃至数十次调整,时号灯的工作时间也很难做到如愿;另外,由于弹簧片本身所具有的疲劳特性和触点氧化现象的存在,时号灯使用一段时间后,往往会出现触点闭合时间变化和接触不良等故障,影响资料质量。为解决上述问题,笔者设计了一款无触点时号灯电源控制电路。该电路具有机械触点、电脉冲触发,时号灯亮度、时号灯工作时间可调等多种…     

海域活动断裂探测和古地震研究

我国地震活动强烈 ,不仅在陆域的不同地震区带内有强烈的地震活动 ,而且在不同海域也有强震发生 ,如在渤海、南黄海、台湾海峡和北部湾等海区均发生过多次 6～ 7 级地震 ,有的海域地震的重复性很高 ,如渤海及邻近海域自公元 1 54 8年以来已先后发生过 4次 7级以上地震 ,南黄海在最近 50 0年内已发生过 1 0次以上 6～ 7级地震 ,台湾海峡在 1 7世纪和2 0世纪先后发生过多次 7级以上地震。近 40年来 ,我国对陆域活动构造和地震构造的调查和研究取得了很大进展 ,尤其是最近 2 0年来 ,由于定量活动构造学的发展 ,对陆域大地震发生的构造条件及…     

介绍一种多功能时号灯电源

利用家用石英钟步进电机的驱动信号、整点报时触点或数字钟时分秒号脉冲控制时号灯的开启,具有可靠性高和有效工作年限长的特点。本文介绍了电路的工作原理。     

DHC—2型多功能数字时号钟

本文介绍的多功能数字时号钟（Ｄｉｇｉｔａｌ Ｈｏｕｒ Ｍａｒｋ Ｃｌｏｃｋ简称ＤＨＣ）消除了ＳＹ２石英钟机械触点的缺陷，具有市电变化范围，抗干扰性能强，提供脉宽按需可调的时号。故障时可自动切断时号输出，确保不丢记录，各项保护、报警电路完善，还能远距离监听记录器运行情况。     

513中强震仪时分号电路

513中强震仪是机械杠杆放大低倍率的地震仪,对于近距离较大地震有较好的记录,目前有些台站仍安装了该型号的地震仪。由于我省条件所限,513中强震仪上未配标准钟,这种无时间服务系统的记录显然是不符要求的。在实践中,我们采用从SY-2型石英钟(一般测震台站上均有)中获得时分号的电路。     

数字钟站的校时与跳秒

在地震观测技术中,给地震记录系统提供准确、高精度的时间信号,对地震工作是非常重要的。时间服务系统的精度决定地震参数测定的误差。因此对时间精度的要求随着地震工作的飞跃发展而提高。地震记录用的计时钟也是不断发展提高的。由原来最早的机械钟——(如:船钟、天文摆钟等)。发展到第一代小型全晶体管化的SY_1型石英钟;以后又改进为SY_2型石英钟。     

Contribution to the knowledge of the magmatic evolution by the study of the variation of the coefficient of viscosity

The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas.     

Pictorial Series of the Manifestations of the Dynamics of the Earth

Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica -     

Evolution of the Source of the Active Region of the Sun

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were...     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

The effect of the pollution of the ground layer of the atmosphere on the albedo

Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed.     

On the solution of the reverse problem of geodesics with the help of the chord

Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида. Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).

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Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday

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Address: Veveři 95, Brno.     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.     

On the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale

Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well.     

Influence of the topography of the surface of the Earth on vertical sounding of the temperature profile

Atmospheric temperature and humidity fields as well as information on other meteorological parameters are nowadays retrieved from radiance measurements recorded by operational meteorological satellites. Up to now, the inversion procedures used only take into account crude information on the topography of the Earth’s surface. However, the applied radiative transfer codes have to consider the Earth’s surface as the lower boundary of the atmospheric model and, therefore, need a more precise mean elevation and a classification of the roughness of the Earth’s surface. The influence of the topography of the Earth surface on retrieved temperature profiles is studied by using a physico-statistical inversion method. An objective analysis is made of the more precise mean elevation and derivation of roughness parameters using a new high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 500 m×500 m. By means of a geomorphological process and a newly developed topography rejection test, areas with a high surface roughness are localized and singled out. The influence of topography on the retrieved temperature profiles is illustrated by case studies. Changes are found predominantly in areas with a high variation of topography. Using the new high-resolution DEM and the topography rejection test, the geographical position of the calculated temperature profiles tends to be shifted towards areas with a small vertical variation of topography. The mean elevation determined by the new elevation model better characterizes the area observed. Hence, the temperature profiles can be calculated down to lower atmospheric levels. Furthermore, a guess profile better describing the atmospheric situation is selected by the more precise elevation. In addition, the temperature profiles obtained near the coast are improved considerably by the more precise determination of the surface property ‘sea’ and ‘land,’ respectively. Integration of an independent physical information such as topography leads, on average, to a slight improvement of the results of the physico-statistical inversion procedure. In some cases, however, significant improvements have been achieved regarding the desired accuracy of temperature profiles of the order of 1 K. In future, the spatial resolution of new high-resolution sounding instrumentation on the next generation of operational meteorological satellites will be increased. To exploit the resolving power of this new instrumentation, the different variation of the topography of the Earth surface, especially in regions with a high variation of topography, can be taken into account more precisely by using a high-resolution DEM.