硅灰石矿矿物成分及其含量计算的电子计算机方法

硅灰石矿床的质量评价,主要以矿石中有益有害矿物含量为依据。由矿石化学分析结果,计算硅灰石矿的矿物成分及其含量是一项极为繁杂的工作。为提高计算速度和精度,笔者根据张大山编写的河北省迁西小西营硅灰石矿的矿物含量计算方法,编制了 BD—200语言电算程序,并对该矿小批量的化学分析数据在6912—5机上计算结果证明,输出的各种数据可靠,精度大大提高。为推广电算技术,现将该程序及其使用方法做一介绍,供从事硅灰石矿物研究者参考。     

湘南东风矿区硅灰石矿床地质特征及找矿方向

东风硅灰石矿是普查工作新发现的矿产地,其矿物资源量已达大型规模。文章通过大量的野外第一手资料,总结了东风硅灰石矿基本地质特征,并对硅灰石矿物含量计算方法进行了较深入的探讨,在现有勘查成果的基础上,结合矿体空间产出特征和矿体赋存状态,揭示了大东山岩体接触带硅灰石矿的产出特征和成矿规律,进一步明确了湘南地区硅灰石矿的找矿方向。     

大义山硅灰石矿石矿物含量计算方法

大义山硅灰石矿床矿石矿物组合复杂,由硅灰石、透辉石、符山石、钾长石、钠长石、方解石、石英等组成。矿床评价需要测定矿石中的硅灰石的含量。岩矿鉴定用薄片测定的结果缺乏代表性。本文介绍了用矿石化学成分分析数据换算成硅灰石含量的具体步骤。     

广西平乐硅灰石矿工艺矿物学研究

对广西平乐硅灰石矿的化学成分和矿物组成进行了分析确定，对硅灰石及其伴生矿物的结构构造特征进行了查定，主要对硅灰石中碳质物的赋存特征进行了研究，发现硅灰石矿石中的碳质物分别与硅灰石、方解石、石英等多种矿物以多种形式紧密伴生，认为要提高平乐硅灰石粉的白度，除了要尽可能除去透辉石、石榴石等矿物杂质及含铁、锰等的氧化物杂质外，关键还要使碳质物单体解离，并除去碳质物杂质。     

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床斑铜矿特征及其成因意义

甲玛矿床是中国国内少见的以斑铜矿为主要含铜矿物的产于斑岩成矿系统内的铜多金属矿床.斑铜矿是该矿床内普遍存在的重要铜矿物之一,广泛分布于矽卡岩型矿石、(矽卡岩化)大理岩型矿石中,有少量产于角岩型矿石中.在硅灰石矽卡岩型矿石内,斑铜矿分布最广,含量也最高,部分矿段中斑铜矿的含量高达7596以上,并与硅灰石呈共生或伴生关系....     

江西蒙山地区硅灰石矿床地质特征及成因探讨

蒙山地区位于江西西部,是我国南方较大的硅灰石矿产资源基地,已探明的硅灰石资源储量约占全国的1/5。区内硅灰石矿体赋存于燕山早期侵入形成的蒙山花岗岩体的外接触带300m范围的下二叠统茅口组含燧石结核、燧石条带灰岩中;矿体多呈似层状、透镜状产出,走向长100~400m,厚度2~20m;矿石中主要矿物为硅灰石、石英、方解石,硅灰石含量一般为55%~70%,矿石化学成分主要为SiO2和CaO。区内燧石灰岩提供了硅灰石形成的硅钙质组合、中深成岩浆岩为钙硅化学合成硅灰石提供了反应热液是两个主要的控矿因素,矿床属层控热变质交代型矿床。     

关于硅灰石化学分析项目的研究

硅灰石矿物是一种自然产出的偏硅酸钙,其分子式为[CaO·SiO_2]_3,理论组成是CaO48.3％、SiO_251.7％。它作为工业矿物仅有卅年的历史,由于它具有低温快速烧成的窑业性能,近几年来已引起国内外有关行业的重视。其化学分析项目仍沿用了最初规定的SiO_2、CaO、MgO、Fe_2O_3、Al_2O_3和灼减等6项。从吉林省所发现的几处硅灰石产地来看,其主要矿物成份是硅灰石、方解石、尚有少量白云石、透辉石、石榴石和葡萄石伴生。测定SiO_2、CaO是想知道矿物的主要成份;测定MgO想知道矿物中透辉石、白云石的含量;测定Al_2O_3想知道矿物中石榴石的含量;测定Fe_2O_3想了解矿物中的有害成份;测定灼减想知道矿物中CO_2的大概数。一般说来测定这6个项目基本上能判定硅灰石的质量。对硅灰石矿床进行工业评价时,主要以矿石中有益矿物硅灰石和     

吉林省长崴子硅灰石矿可选性研究

硅灰石的选矿目的主要是剔除矿石中脉石矿物——石榴石、透辉石、符山石等含铁硅酸盐矿物和方解石、白云石等碳酸盐矿物。作陶瓷用料时含铁矿物是一种染色体,其含量过高会降低陶瓷的白度。方解石含量高时在烧陶过程中产生CO_2,使产品的孔洞增多,导致产品结构松驰。目前,国外常采用磁选法、磁选——浮选法、手选——浮选法,从硅灰石矿石中分离除去含铁硅酸盐矿物和方解石矿物。本文针对长崴子硅灰石矿石含铁低的特点,以及矿石性质及其表面物化特性,研究     

赣西蒙山地区石竹山超大型硅灰石矿床地质特征及找矿意义

江西省新余市石竹山硅灰石矿床硅灰石矿物量5 400余万t,相当于54个大型硅灰石矿床资源量规模,硅灰石矿物含量平均约60%。Ⅱ、Ⅷ号矿体为石竹矿区内主矿体。Ⅱ号矿体走向延伸超过4 800 m,倾向延深超过1300m,平均厚度14.14m,硅灰石平均含量60.86%,矿石类型以硅灰石-石英-方解石型(Ⅱ号矿体)为主。Ⅷ号矿体走向延伸超1 000 m,倾向延深超过600 m;平均厚度14.67 m;硅灰石矿物量600余万吨,硅灰石平均含量61.80%,矿石类型主要为硅灰石-透辉石型。蒙山地区"岩体+碳酸盐岩+构造裂隙+盖层"组合的矽卡岩与矽卡岩化大理岩化蚀变带是寻找硅灰石矿体的重要区域;石竹山—库里一带中深部具有寻找锡铜钨多金属矿的较好潜能。     

硅灰石的单独测定

硅灰石作为工业矿物应用于陶瓷、涂料、塑料及橡胶工业等方面。硅灰石矿物夹杂有方解石、白云石和透辉石;地质工作者欲求得硅灰石矿物组分含量,一般由大量岩石全分析数据来计算;此法不     

Synthesis and stability of bastnaesites in a part of the system (Ce,La)-F-H-C-O

Summary Bastnaesites of Ce and La and their OH-analogs were synthesized and their stability relations were determined atPf = 1 kbar andT = 400 to 900°C in a part of the system (Ce,La)-F-H-C-0. The initial fluid compositions were such that and HF/(HF + H₂O) ratios were 0 to 0.172. XRD and IR studies indicate that bastnaesites equilibrated in initial fluids low in HF are all F-enriched. The hydroxylbastnaesite-(La) is stable up to 810°C and the fluorbastnaesite-(La) is stable up to 860°C. Their condensed breakdown products are La₂O₂CO₃ and LaOF, respectively. The stability of Ce bastnaesites is slightly dependent. The hydroxylbastnaesite-(Ce) is stable up to 660°C at the defined by the IQF buffer and up to 640°C by the MH buffer. The fluorbastnaesite-(Ce) is stable up to 800°C at the defined by the IQF and up to 760°C by the MH buffer. The condensed breakdown product for the hydroxyl end-member is simply CeO₂ but for the fluorine one is a combination of CeO₂, CeF₃, and CeOF. Factors, such as OH vs F, , and bulk composition, that affect the stability of individual species are discussed. Petrogenic implications resulting from the present study include that bastnaesites can be stable from hydrothermal to magmatic conditions, that F-enriched species can form in an environment relatively low in F content, and that OH-species are rare and occur only in low-temperature environments essentially devoid of F.

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Synthese und Stabilität von Bastndsil in einem Teil des Systems (Ce,La)-F-H-C-O

Zusammenfassung Ce- und La-Bastnäsite, sowie deren OH-Analoga wurden synthetisiert und ihre Stabilitätsbeziehunger beiP _f = 1 kbar undT = 400 bis 900°C wurden im System (Ce,La)F-H-C-O bestimmt. Die anfänglichen Flüssigkeitszusammensetzungen waren so, daß und die HF/(HF + H₂O)-Verhältnisse 0–0.172 waren. Röntgenpulver- und Ultrarot-Untersuchungen zeigten, daß Bastnäsite, die mit anfänglich HF-armen Flüssigkeiten equilibriert wurden, alle an F angereichert sind. Hydroxilbastndsit-(La) ist bis 810°C und Fluorbastnäsit-(La) bis 860°C stabil. Ihre festen Zersetzungsprodukte sind La₂O₂O₃, bzw. LaOF. Die Stabilität der Ce-Bastnäsite hängt etwas von ab. Hydroxilbastnäsit-(Ce) ist bei des Eisen-Quarz-Fayalit-Puffers bis 660°C stabil und mit Magnetit-Hämatit-Puffer bis 640°C. Das feste Zerfallsprodukt ist für das Hydroxil-Glied nur CeO₂, für das Fluor-Glied eine Mischung aus CeO₂, CeF₃ und CeOF. Faktoren, welche die Stabilität der einzelnen Spezies beeinflussen, werden diskutiert, wie das Verhältnis OH zu F, und die Gesamtzusammensetzung. Petrogenetische Folgerungen aus der vorliegenden Studie schließen ein, daß Bastnäsite von hydrothermalen bis zu magmatischen Bedingungen stabil sein können, daß sich an F angereicherte Glieder in relativ F-armer Umgebung bilden können, und daß OH-Glieder selten sind und nur unter Bildungsbedingungen niedriger Temperatur und weitgehender Abwesenheit von F auftreten.

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With 8 Figures     

Analysis of seismic intensities observed in Israel

Macroseismic data of earthquakes felt in Israel and also recorded instrumentally are analyzed. The analysis yields the following empirical relations:

Formel und Strukturtyp des Pharmakosiderits

Zusammenfassung Da auf Grund der Formel Fe₅(OH)₆(AsO₄)₃.6–8H₂O keine brauchbare Struktur gefunden werden konnte, wurden die Analysen nachgerechnet. Dabei zeigte es sich, daß das Fe–As-Verhältnis 4:3 beträgt. Für die Struktur des Pharmakosiderits wird die Formel [Fe₄ (OH)₄ (AsO₄)₃].K.6–7H₂O vorgeschlagen, wobei eine andere Absättigung des Gerüstes in Betracht zu ziehen ist. Strukturprinzipien: Gerüstaufbau in T _d ¹ ; As auf (c), O auf (i) mit 0 = ca. 45°, ₀ = ca. 135, Fe auf (e) mit _Fe = ca. 45°, OH auf (e) mit _OH = ca 135°, dadurch erhält Fe oktaedrische, As tetraedrische Konfiguration. Diese Bauprinzipien stehen mit dem Habitus der Kristalle und ihren physikalisch-chemischen Eigenschaften in guter Übereinstimmung. Zwei Möglichkeiten des Wassereinbaues werden durchgerechnet; die Übereinstimmung zwischen Beobachtung und Berechnung ist befriedigend, teilweise sehr gut.Mit 3 Textabbildungen     

Melting and subsolidus reactions in the system K2O−CaO−MgO−Al2O3−SiO2−H2O: experiments and petrologic application

Experiments with synthetic starting materials of muscovite, phlogopite, zoisite, kyanite and quartz were performed in the pressure temperature range 10–25 kbar, 640–780° C under water excess conditions. The reaction muscovite+zoisite+quartz+vapor=liquid+kyanite was bracketed at 10.5 kbar/689–700° C, 15.5 kbar/709–731° C and 20 kbar/734–745° C. The equivalent reaction in the Mg-bearing system muscovite_ss +zoisite+quartz+vapor=liquid+kyanite+phlogopite_ss lies at the same temperature around 10 kbar and approximately 10° C higher around 20 kbar, compared with the Mg-free reaction. At slightly higher temperatures formation of melt and tremolite_ss was reversibly observed from the assemblage phlogopite_ss+zoisite +kyanite+quartz around 10.5 kbar/690–710° C, 15.5 kbar/720–750° C and 20.5 kbar/745–760° C. In the subsolidus region, the reaction muscovite_ss+talc_ss+ tremolite_ss=phlogopite_ss+zoisite+quartz+vapor were located in the range 700° C/16.7–19.0 kbar and 740° C/19.7–20.8 kbar. From these data, a wedge shaped stability field of phlogopite_ss+zoisite+quartz appears with a high P, T termination around 21 kbar/755° C. Muscovite+tremolite+talc or kyanite comes in at higher pressures. These phase relations are in qualitative accord with petrographic observations from high pressure metamorphic areas. Formation and crystallization of melts in rocks of a wide compositional range involving zoisite/epidote has been ascribed to relatively high pressures and is consistent with experimentally determined stability fields in the simplified KCMASH system.     

Pressure–temperature conditions and retrograde paths of eclogites, garnet–glaucophane rocks and schists from South Sulawesi, Indonesia

High-pressure metamorphic rocks exposed in the Bantimala area, c . 40  km north-east of Ujung Pandang, were formed as a Cretaceous subduction complex with fault-bounded slices of melange, chert, basalt, turbidite, shallow-marine sedimentary rocks and ultrabasic rocks. Eclogites, garnet–glaucophane rocks and schists of the Bantimala complex have estimated peak temperatures of T  =580–630 °C at 18  kbar and T  =590–640 °C at 24  kbar, using the garnet–clinopyroxene geothermometer. The garnet–omphacite–phengite equilibrium is used to estimate pressures. The distribution coefficient K _D1=[( X _pyr)³( X _grs)⁶/( X _di)⁶]/[(Al/Mg)_M2,wm (Al/Si)_T2,wm]³ among omphacite, garnet and phengite is a good index for metamorphic pressures. The K _D1values of the Bantimala eclogites were compared with those of eclogites with reliable P–T  estimates. This comparison suggests that peak pressures of the Bantimala eclogites were P =18–24  kbar at T  =580–640 °C. These results are consistent with the P–T  range calculated using garnet–rutile–epidote–quartz and lawsonite–omphacite–glaucophane–epidote equilibria.     

The crystal structure of a triclinic roscherite

Summary The crystallography of roscherite is more complicated than previously thought. Single crystal X-ray work on material from Foote Mine (California) gave triclinic symmetry. The unit cell corresponding to the one adopted for monoclinic roscherite hasa=15.921,b=11.965,c=6.741 Å, =91°04, =94°21, =89°59 1/2, space group . The least-squares refinement of the structure using 2380 non zero reflections with anisotropic temperature factors resulted in a conventional reliability factorR=0.060.The X-ray study indicates the formula while that proposed for monoclinic roscherite is The atomic arrangements of both varieties of roscherite are very similar. The lowering of symmetry is caused by the segregation of the trivalent cations into only half of the sites of a monoclinic point position. Crystallochemical considerations suggest that the symmetry of roscherite does not depend on the kind of trivalent cations occupying the 6-coordinated position, but rather by the ratio between trivalent and divalent metal ions.

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Die Kristallstruktur eines triklinen Roscherites

Zusammenfassung Die Kristallographie des Roscherites ist komplizierter als man bisher annahm. Einkristall-Röntgenuntersuchungen an Material von Foote Mine (Kalifornien) ergaben trikline Symmetrie. Die Elementarzelle, welche der für monoklinen Roscherit angenommenen entspricht, hata=15,921,b=11,965,c=6,741 Å, =91°04, =94°21, =89°59 1/2, Raumgruppe . Die Verfeinerung der Struktur mit der Methode der kleinsten Quadrate ergab unter Verwendung anisotroper Temperaturfaktoren für 2380 beobachtete Reflexe einen konventionellen ZuverlässigkeitsindexR=0,060.Die Röntgenuntersuchung weist auf die Formel , während für monoklinen Roscherit vorgeschlagen wurde. Die Atomanordnungen beider Abarten des Roscherites sind sehr ähnlich. die Symmetrieerniedrigung wird dadurch hervorgerufen, daß die dreiwertigen Kationen nur die Hälfte der Positionen einer monoklinen Punktlage besetzen. Kristallchemische Überlegungen weisen darauf hin, daß die Symmetrie nicht von der Art der dreiwertigen Kationen, welche eine 6-koordinierte Punktlage besetzen, abhängt, sondern vielmehr von dem Mengenverhältnis zwischen 3-wertigen und 2-wertigen Metallionen.

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With 1 Figure     

苏鲁构造杂岩带乳山地区（石榴）斜长角闪岩P-T演化轨迹及其地质意义——来自岩石学、矿物化学及相平衡模拟的约束

大量来自于华北陆块的高压变质岩被发现发育于苏鲁构造杂岩带中,给俯冲带上盘物质如何卷入陆-陆俯冲碰撞作用的研究带来新的契机.通过对乳山地区（含榴）斜长角闪岩进行岩石学、矿物化学及相平衡模拟的研究,发现其保留有3个不同变质演化阶段的矿物组合,峰前矿物组合为粗粒石榴子石+斜长石+角闪石+石英+钛铁矿;峰期矿物组合由石榴子石+单斜辉石+斜长石+角闪石+石英+钛铁矿组成,为典型高角闪岩相矿物组合;峰后退变质阶段矿物组合为角闪石+斜长石+石英+石榴子石+钛铁矿,发育有典型的“白眼圈”结构.相平衡模拟与温压计算表明,乳山午极石榴斜长角闪岩峰前变质阶段的P-T条件分别为P=6.4~7.0 kbar、T=610~640℃,表明其俯冲至30 km左右的地壳深度;峰期变质阶段P-T条件分别为P=9.3~10.0 kbar、T=700~730℃,表明其已俯冲至36~40 km的地壳深度,峰后退变质阶段P-T条件分别为P=5.2~5.8 kbar、T=680~710℃.锆石U-Pb定年结果表明乳山午极石榴斜长角闪岩原岩时代为1 734±24 Ma,龙角山水库斜长角闪岩变质时代为1 849±28 Ma,研究表明二者均来源于华北构造岩片.结合前人研究资料,推测乳山地区石榴斜长角闪岩原岩可能经历三叠纪俯冲作用并发生变质;其与杂岩带中来自华南的构造岩片发生混杂,共同构成华北-华南板块间宽约80~100 km的构造杂岩带.      

Petrology of coronite from the Bergen Arcs Complex,Norway

Petrologic examination of coronites from the Bergen Arcs Complex in Norway revealed that garnet crowns formed due to clinopyroxene interaction with matrix plagioclase and spinel during the Grenville granulite-facies metamorphism (at T ～ 960°C and P = 1.3 GPa). Along with this, the rocks show evidence of reactions related to superimposed Caledonian eclogite-facies metamorphism. These are microscopic coronas consisting of omphacite, kyanite, corundum, amphibole, and biotite. The rims formed under aqueous conditions with potassium introduction ata T ～ 710–730°C and P ～ 1.3–1.5 GPa. Local occurrence of eclogite metamorphism found at a great distance (>100 m) from shear zones of the eclogite metamorphic stage indicates that the whole eclogite succession and not only its local sites (shear zones) were heated to the eclogite-metamorphism temperature.     

应用CH_4/N_2指标估算塔里木盆地天然气热成熟度

通过对塔里木盆地满加尔凹陷低成熟煤岩在开放在线程序升温体系的热模拟实验,获得煤岩在不同温度点的热分解产物CH4、CO和N2,并对模拟后残留产物进行了镜质体反射率测试,建立了镜质体反射率与对应受热温度之间的关系。煤岩镜质体反射率与热温度之间的二阶关系表达为:Ro=0.0014×T+0.109,r=0.9931(Ro<0.6%);Ro=0.0067×T-1.5855,r=0.9996(Ro>0.6%)。通过上述方程建立CH4/N2值与煤岩镜质体反射率之间的对应关系,并利用CH4/N2值对塔里木盆地库车坳陷天然气热成熟度进行了预测。预测结果与实际地质分析结果相吻合,说明CH4/N2值可以作为塔里木盆地煤成气热成熟度预测指标应用于油气勘探中。     

An Experimental Determination of Iron Biotite-Alkali Feldspar Equilibria

Experiments in the system KAlSi0₄-NaAlSi0₄-SiOj-Fe-0-H indicatethat approximately 20 mole per cent of sodium annite [NaFe₃AlSiO₁₀(OH)₂]can enter into solid solution with potassium annite. This substitutionreduces the biotite stability field. With excess alkali feldsparand no free quartz, the following reactions limit the biotitestability: Feldspar(s)+biotite feldspar(s)+magnetite+vapor. (1) Feldspar+biotite feldspar+fayalite+leucite+vapor. (2) Feldspar+biotite feldspar+fayalite+liquid+vapor. (3) Biotite feldspar+fayalite+nepheline+vapor. (4) On the QFM buffer (P_Total = 2 Kb), reaction 1 occurs at 685°C in the sodium free system and at 625 °C when twofeldspars are present; on NNO, it occurs at 630 and 590 °C.On the G-CH buffer, reaction 2 is stable at high temperatures(795–830 °Q and potassic compositions (), reaction3 at intermediate conditions (T = 740–95 °C; ) andreaction 4 at lower temperatures (710–40 °C) and sodiccompositions (). In the presence of excess quartz, reaction1 remains stable below the QFM buffer, but the reaction Feldspars)+biotite+quartz feldspars)+fayalite+vapor (5) is stable at higher hydrogenfugacities. On the G-CH buffer, reaction 5 occurs at 610 °Cin the sodium free system and at 595 °C when two alkalifeldspars are present. On the MW buffer, the temperatures are585 and 515 °C (M.I.). The experimental data presented suggest that biotite will notbe stable in the presence of granitic liquids at total pressuresbelow 4 kb, providing the fluorine and titanium content of thebiotite is low. They also suggest that gradients in the a£1S,l0 in a rock could produce variations in the biotite Fe/Fe+Mgratio and in extreme cases could result in the complete breakdown(decreased ) of biotite or its crystallization (increased )where previously there was none.