An optimum vehicular path algorithm for traffic network based on hierarchical spatial reasoning

Human beings' intellection is the characteristic of a distinct hierarchy and can be taken to construct a heuristic in the shortest path algorithms.It is detailed in this paper how to utilize the hierarchical reasoning on the basis of greedy and directional strategy to establish a spatial heuristic,so as to improve running efficiency and suitability of shortest path algorithm for traffic network.The authors divide urban traffic network into three hierarchies and set forward a new node hierarchy division rule to avoid the unreliable solution of shortest path.It is argued that the shortest path,no matter distance shortest or time shortest,is usually not the favorite of drivers in practice.Some factors difficult to expect or quantify influence the drivers' choice greatly.It makes the drivers prefer choosing a less shortest,but more reliable or flexible path to travel on.The presented optimum path algorithm,in addition to the improvement of the running efficiency of shortest path algorithms up to several times,reduces the emergence of those factors,conforms to the intellection characteristic of human beings,and is more easily accepted by drivers.Moreover,it does not require the completeness of networks in the lowest hierarchy and the applicability and fault tolerance of the algorithm have improved.The experiment result shows the advantages of the presented algorithm.The authors argued that the algorithm has great potential application for navigation systems of large-scale traffic networks.     

From 2D to 3D GIS for CyberCity

In order to understand the 3D landscape with many high buildings in a city, the 2D GIS has to be extended to 3D GIS. The further development of CyberCity has to include various applications of 3D scenes from the outdoor scenes to the indoor ones. In thispaper, some key techniques, such as data management method and dynamicalvisualization method for the outdoor and the indoor scenes, are discussed. The indoor scene is compared with the outdoor one. The idea of integratedrepresentation of the outdoor and the indoor scenes in CyberCity GIS is discussed.     

Some Suggestions Improving Apollo Lunar Laser Retroreflector Arrays

According to our engineering research on satellite-borne laser retroreflector array, some suggestions are proposed on how to manufacture a new Apollo LLRA that can make us measure one illuminating point and unilluminating area on the moon's surface. These suggestions are: to control the dihedral angle offset within ± 0.1″; to use the larger aperture of the transparent face of cube corner prisms; to investigate how to separate out Apollo's reflected laser from mixed beam hitting on the LLR system.     

Urban growth pattern modeling using logistic regression

Transformation of land use/land cover change occurs due to the numbers and activities of people.Urban growth mod-eling has attracted substantial attention because it helps to comprehend the mechanisms of land use change and thus helps relevant policies made.This paper tends to apply logistic regression to model urban growth in the Jiayu county of Hubei province,China.It is applied in a GIS environment to calculate variables and,then,in SPSS to discover the relationships between urban growth and the driving forces.The relative operating characteristic(ROC) shows the modeling accuracy with the curve 0.891 with standard er-ror 0.001.A probability map is generated finally to predict where urban growth will occur as a result of the computation.The result shows the model simulates urban growth well in the county scale.     

Polar motion of the triaxial nonrigid Earth and atmospheric excitation

The present study aims to extend the traditional rotation theory of the rotational-symmetric Earth to the triaxial Earth.We re-formulate the Liouville equations and their general solutions for the triaxial nonrigid Earth and find that the traditional theory intro-duces some theoretical errors in modeling the excitation functions.Furthermore,we apply that theory to the atmospheric excitation and find that theoretical errors should not be neglected given the present measurement accuracy.Thus we conclude that the traditional the-ory of the rotation of the rotational-symmetric Earth should be revised and upgraded to include the effects of the Earth’s triaxiality.     

Land-use spatial optimization based on PSO algorithm

The optimization of land-use spatio-structure is one of the most important areas of land use management;constructing a spatial optimization model that is based on the micro spatial unit in a bottom-up mode plays an important role in coupling the quan-tity structure and spatial structure effectively.The objective of this research is to develop a land use spatial optimization model based on particle swarm optimization to make spatial decision in land use management.The model is implemented using real data-sets to emulate the process of spatial structure optimization in order to get the best landscape pattern under the control of decision environments.Simulation results revealed that the particle swarm optimization model has the ability to utilize the quantity and spa-tial structure.Furthermore,the result demonstrated that it can be used to stimulate the landscape pattern in designing the appropriate optimization environment,which could land quantity target to the basic spatial units effectively and provide appropriate spa-tio-structure for regional land use space layout decision making.     

The Integration of Cooperation Model and Genetic Algorithm

In the photogrammetry,some researchers have applied genetic algorithms in aerial image texture classification and reducing hyper-spectrum remote sensing data.Genetic algorithm can rapidly find the solutions which are close to the optimal solution.But it is not easy to find the optimal solution.In order to solve the problem,a cooperative evolution idea integrating genetic algorithm and ant colony algorithm is presented in this paper.On the basis of the advantages of ant colony algorithm,this paper proposes the method integrating genetic algorithms and ant colony algorithm to overcome the drawback of genetic algorithms.Moreover,the paper takes designing texture classification masks of aerial images as an example to illustrate the integration theory and procedures.     

SVLBI用于大地测量的卫星轨道及其跟踪网设计(英文)

SVLBI （space very long baseline interferometry） has some important potential applications in geodesy and geodynamics, for which one of the most difficult tasks is to precisely determine the orbit of an SVLBI satellite. This work studies several technologies that will possibly be able to determine the orbit of a space VLBI satellite. Then, according to the types and charac- teristics of the satellite and the requirements for geodetic study and the geometry of the GNSS （GPS, GALILEO） satellite to track the space VLBI satellite, the six Keplerian elements of the SVLBI satellite （TEST-SVLBI） are determined. A program is designed to analyze the coverage area of space of different altitudes by the stations of the network, with which the tracking network of TEST-SVLBI is designed. The efficiency of tracking TEST-SVLBI by the network is studied, and the results are presented.     

Displacement of building cluster using field analysis method

This paper presents a field based method to deal with the displacement of building cluster, which is driven by the street widening. The compress of street boundary results in the force to push the build-ing moving inside and the force propagation is a decay process.To describe the phenomenon above,the field theory is introduced with the representation model of isoline.On the basis of the skeleton of Delaunay triangulation.the displacement field is built in which the propagation force is related to the adjacency degree with respect to the street boundary.The study offers the computation of displacement direction and offset distance for the building displacement.The vector operation is performed on the basis of grade and other field concepts.     

Discriminant analysis on land grading

This paper proposes the discriminant analysis on land grading after analyzing the common methods and discussing the Fisher‘s discriminant in detail. Actually this method deduces the dimension from multi to single, thus it makes the feature vectors in n-dimension change to a scalar, and use this scalar to classify samples. This paper illustrates the result by giving an example of the residential land grading by the discriminant analysis.     

Filter Method and Its Consistency of Double-Star Position/SINS Integrated System

According to the characteristic of Beidou Double-star positing system (for short: Double-star position), the optimal predication model of Double-star position/SINS integrated system is put forward, which can make use of the delayed position in-formation from Double-star positioning system to predicate optimally for the integrated system, and then to correct SINS, and af-fords integrated results of some navigation parameters. In order to validate the consistency of the filter, the criteria for consistency of a filter is also studied, and the tested statistics are given, the experiment based on practical measured data shows that the filtering method is consistent with the integrated system.     

Genetic feature selection for texture classification

This paper presents a novel approach to feature subset selection using genetic algorithms. This approach has the ability to accommodate multiple criteria such as the accuracy and cost of classification into the process of feature selection and finds the effective feature subset for texture classification. On the basis of the effective feature subset selected, a method is described to extract the objects which are higher than their surroundings, such as trees or forest, in the color aerial images. The methodology presented in this paper is illustrated by its application to the problem of trees extraction from aerial images.     

Acquisition of Directional Parameters in Aerial Images Based on DEM Data

This paper develops a method which can be used to assist aerial navigation by determining the spatial position and posture of the aerial photographic plane. After the method, aerial images match known DEM to capture the spatial position and posture. Some aerial images and terrain data are used to testify our method. Compared with those of analytic and stereo mappers, the results by our method are correspondent to real measurements well.     

Analysis on public transportation influences on real estate development in East Lansing

The purpose for this article is to research the relationship between public transportation and real estate based on the area of East Lansing.Two methods are mainly used to analyze the data:correlation analysis and means analysis with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS) data analyzing software.There are two analysis results:(1) the real estate,which is closer to public transportation,will have higher value than that is far from public transportation,and(2) the number of bus in one bus stop has no obvious relation with the value of real estate.Based on these results,real estate developers could build residential real estate close to public transportation or bring public transportation in their real estate community by contract with transportation corporations.In sum,they should reasonably use public transportation as attractive features to convince people to prefer to their houses.     

Comprehensive study on the estimation of the variance components of traverse nets

This paper advances a new simplified formula for estimating variance components,sums up the basic law to calculate the weights of observed values and a circulation method using the increaments of weights when estimating the variance components of traverse nets,advances the charicteristic roots method to estimate the variance components of traveres nets and presents a practical method to make two real and symmetric matrices two diagonal ones.     

An Image Fusion Algorithm Based on Lifting Scheme

Taking the advantage of the lifting scheme＇s characters that can build wavelet translorms tor transforming from integer to integer and the quality of the reconstructing image＇is independent of the topology way adopted by the boundary, an image fusion algorithm based on lifting scheme is proposed. This paper discusses the fundamental theory of lifting scheme firstly and then after taking transform analysis according to a kind of images that need to be confused.     

Study on gis data directly integrated into image processing

The basic properties to be dealt with ,when considering initially the research needs related to the integration of remote sensing (RS) information into a geographic information system (GIS),are many-sided.The primary combination of remote sensing and GIS is mainly realized by the transforms of data structure .Because of its own limitations,there is an urgent need to investigate the integration of RS and GIS in higher levels.In this paper,we discuss the different types of combinations of RS with GIS,and propose that GIS data should be directly brought into image processing from the beginning.A tentative idea of how to use the method of granularity to study the common processing unit of RS and GIS is described.The example for the determination of granularity of spatial data processing related to run-length-code line is also given.     

Prospect on Present-Day Crustal Kinematics and Dynamics Research in Sichuan-Yunnan Area with Geodetic Data

Combining the dense GPS and gravity observation data in Sichuan-Yunnan area, where there are the relatively complete active tectonic zones and seismic data, this paper applies the geodesy and geophysical inversion technique and the advanced numerical simulation to the synthesis study of geodesy inversion to find the dynamic process of tectonic movement and deformation in the area and finally to investigate the kinematics characteristic of the geological structure of different layer and different scale. This paper discusses the kinematics, dynamics model about the crustal movement of active blocks in Sichuan-Yunnan area and its adjacent areas.     

A spatially weighted degree model for network vulnerability analysis

Using degree distribution to assess network vulnerability represents a promising direction of network analysis.However,the traditional degree distribution model is inadequate for analyzing the vulnerability of spatial networks because it does not take into consideration the geographical aspects of spatial networks.This paper proposes a spatially weighted degree model in which both the functional class and the length of network links are considered to be important factors for determining the node degrees of spatial networks.A weight coefficient is used in this new model to account for the contribution of each factor to the node degree.The proposed model is compared with the traditional degree model and an accessibility-based vulnerability model in the vulnerabil-ity analysis of a highway network.Experiment results indicate that,although node degrees of spatial networks derived from the tra-ditional degree model follow a random distribution,node degrees determined by the spatially weighted model exhibit a scale-free distribution,which is a common characteristic of robust networks.Compared to the accessibility-based model,the proposed model has similar performance in identifying critical nodes but with higher computational efficiency and better ability to reveal the overall vulnerability of a spatial network.