3701铀矿床地质特征及其热液叠加改造成矿作用

本文在介绍3701铀矿床的地质特征、矿石物质成分和稳定同位素组成等研究结果基础上,论述了该矿床的成因。3701铀矿床赋存在L花岗岩体外接触带泥盆系灰岩中。花岗岩的黑云母钾-氩法年龄为318-202Ma,矿床的矿化年龄(沥青铀矿铀-铅法年龄)为65.0—30.75Ma,矿岩时差超过137Ma。矿床的热液矿化特征明显。成矿温度约100—300℃,属中、低温热液矿化。矿床的近矿围岩蚀变较弱。矿床的稳定同位素研究结果表明,成矿物质是多源的,其中硫、碳主要来自围岩,铀、铅主要来自花岗岩。矿液水以大气降水为主。铀背景值较低(3.12ppm)的成矿围岩,汲取了从花岗岩中淋出的含铀水体中的铀。被燕山期,喜山期构造运动加热了的地下水汲取围岩中的铀等成矿物质,在角砾岩带等地段沉淀成矿,因此该矿床属多矿源热液叠加改造成因。在两次铀矿化间隔期间,早期矿体曾遭受地下水的改造。     

广西铀矿资源特征与找矿潜力分析

广西是中国最早发现铀矿物的地区,铀矿资源丰富,种类齐全,探明的铀矿资源储量位居全国前列。文章通过对广西花岗岩型、碳硅泥岩型、砂岩型、火山岩型及其他类型铀矿床特征及典型铀矿床分析,总结了广西铀矿的时空分布规律,认为铀矿床成矿时间集中于燕山晚期和喜山早期,花岗岩型、碳硅泥岩型、砂岩型铀矿床形成时间较赋矿围岩晚,铀成矿时间与围岩形成时代无关。根据广西铀矿成矿特征及时空分布规律以及广西铀矿成矿带划分方案,将广西铀成矿单元划分为8个Ⅳ级成矿区带,认为广西铀资源类型多样,铀成矿地质条件有利,找矿潜力巨大。     

3105地区泥盆系铀成矿特征和成矿条件

3105地区中、上泥盆统中产有多个碳酸盐岩型铀矿床。作者在前人工作[1,2]的基础上,通过卫片解译,铀-铅同位素体系研究,氧碳同位素和诱发裂变径迹等研究,对该区的控矿构造、铀源、成矿溶液来源和成矿作用作了进一步探讨。研究结果表明:矿床的空间定位受晚古生代向斜盆地及其中的层间断裂带(F_1F_3)与北东向、东西向断裂交切复合部位及燕山期岩浆活动中心引起的环形构造联合控制;该区西部的燕山期花岗岩是成矿最重要的铀源岩;成矿溶液乃岩浆水与大气降水混合成因;铀矿床是经燕山期和喜山期多次累聚成矿作用而形成的。     

南岭地区花岗岩型铀矿的特征及其成矿专属性

南岭地区是我国花岗岩型铀矿的重要矿集区。该区产铀岩体的成因类型以S型(改造型)花岗岩为主,对岩性没有明显的选择性。构造是控制铀成矿的重要因素之一,几乎所有热液铀矿体都分布在一定的断裂或破碎构造中,并且与穿切于花岗岩中的中基性岩脉密切相伴。产铀岩体的热液蚀变发育,规模大、范围广、类型全的热液蚀变是判别产铀岩体的重要标志。产铀岩体的主要成岩时代为印支期和燕山期,铀成矿作用则主要发生于燕山晚期-喜山期,成岩成矿具有明显的时差,指示成岩和成矿作用是两次或两次以上不同的地质作用。印支期和燕山期花岗岩主要提供成矿铀源和成矿围岩,而铀矿成矿作用与燕山晚期-喜山期伸展断裂构造和蚀变交代的关系更为密切。对于南岭地区的花岗岩型铀矿,燕山晚期-喜山期的伸展构造活动及其伴随的中基性-酸性岩浆活动比印支期-燕山期的花岗岩更具有成矿专属性。     

吉林椅山金矿床成矿物质来源及成矿模式

椅山金矿成矿主要与燕山晚期牛心屯花岗岩有关，成矿时代为燕山晚期，成矿物质具有双重来源——地层与岩浆源。牛心屯花岗岩体内石英爆裂法系统测温资料表明，该岩体在岩浆结晶期后曾有一次普遍的中一高温热液作用——成矿热液源和成矿热源。侵入石缝组接触带的牛心屯花岗岩体的岩石化学研究表明，从岩体进入围岩的元素有Si，K，Na，Fe^3 等；围岩进入岩体的元素有Al，Mg，Ca，Fe^2 等。矿石硫同位素研究表明，重硫少、富轻硫，轻硫可能来自围岩。矿体中δ^18O研究证实矿体氧同位素大多数来自牛心屯花岗岩体，少量来自围岩。碳同位素组成特征反映金矿床内的碳来自围岩。     

高分异花岗岩浆可能是华南花岗岩型铀矿床主要铀源——来自诸广山南体花岗岩锆石铀含量的证据

锆石的U-Pb测年、Hf和O同位素及稀土、微量元素的研究与应用已获得诸多进展,但锆石中铀含量所蕴藏的地质意义却较少被关注。华南花岗岩型铀矿床的铀源一直存在争议,不同观点认为其分别来自早期已固结地质体、分异岩浆、地幔柱或热点以及U、Th、K富集圈。为尝试利用锆石中的铀含量来追索铀源,本文通过搜集诸广山南体花岗岩锆石U-Pb同位素测年文献,掌握了该花岗岩中14个岩体、37件样品、3种岩性,共467个锆石定年数据。通过数据分析发现印支期(253Ma、244Ma)和燕山期(139Ma、124Ma)具高分异特征的4件酸性岩脉(小岩体)样品中锆石的铀含量明显高于同期岩体。依据铀矿床中高分异酸性岩脉(小岩体)侵位期、基性岩脉侵位期、铀成矿早期(140~90Ma)三者的良好对应关系,结合这一锆石铀含量指示,初步认为华南花岗岩型铀矿床中铀可能主要来自高分异花岗岩浆;推测花岗岩型铀成矿可能属壳幔混合作用结果,即铀源来自地壳分异岩浆,成矿流体和矿化剂主要来自地幔,而成矿空间受断裂系统控制。岩体锆石铀含量或可在铀源丰度、矿床品位判别等方面发挥积极作用。     

双滑江铀矿床矿物—地球化学特征

本文描述了双滑江铀矿床的矿物-地球化学特征。该矿床从地表至445m深处均见次生铀矿物。作者进行了铀同位素比值~(234)U/~(238)U、古铀量、岩石化学成分等方面的研究,结果表明,该铀矿床属于淋积型矿床,其铀源来自于燕山期花岗岩,而不是印支期花岗岩。燕山期花岗岩的铀同位素比值~(234)U/~(238)U小于1(0.88—0.98),而印支期花岗岩则大于1(1.038—1.058)。此外,碎裂的燕山期花岗岩还为矿床中的主要有用矿物硅钙铀矿提供了硅和钙。     

(产刂)子坪铀矿床铀—铅同位素演化体系的研究

铲子坪铀矿床是产在下寒武统清溪组地层中受含矿层及层间构造双重因素控制的矿床。根据该矿床中各种岩石、矿石及矿物的铀—铅同位素体系的研究,大多数岩石样品的铀—铅同位素组成明显不平衡,据计算,含矿层及周围花岗岩中的铀主要以丢失为主,丢失量为30—80％。富矿石的一致性图解及铀—铅三阶段模式年令为t_1=523±16M.Y.,t_2=22±2M.Y.。沥青铀矿的等时线年令为75±4M.Y.,43±7M.Y.。岩石年令为416M.Y.。上述结果表明矿床中的铀主要由含矿层本身供给;可以区分出三个成矿阶段:沉积成岩的予富集,加里东期动力变质的初富集和燕山晚期——喜山早期渗流热液的再富集,因而本矿床属沉积再造的层控铀矿床。     

藏东各贡弄铜金多金属矿床地质特征及其成因初探

藏东各贡弄铜金多金属矿床工业价值巨大.矿区有燕山期和喜山期岩浆岩侵位于下三叠统马拉松多组地层中,喜山期石英二长斑岩与成矿关系密切.产于斑岩体内的矿体呈筒状,产于接触带夕卡岩中的矿体呈似层状.岩石地球化学反映出岩体围岩中富集的成矿元素来自于斑岩体,接触带附近矿化元素的变化与岩石的破碎程度,蚀变强度呈正相关关系.矿床同位素分析表征了流体的深源特征,并在成矿过程中有大气水的参入.矿床为斑岩型多金属矿床.     

龙首山铀成矿带成矿规律与成矿模式

龙首山成矿带查明有两个重要的铀成矿系列:与中条期混合岩化、岩浆作用有关的多阶段、多来源、复成因铀成矿系列,及与加里东晚期花岗岩浆演化有关的铀成矿系列。前者产出伟晶白岗岩型铀矿床,后者产出钠交代型和硅质脉型铀矿床。它们是该区地壳发展演化特定阶段的产物,成矿作用与花岗岩浆、热液演化及围岩条件关系密切,矿化在空间上受不同级别构造控制。     

东胜铀矿砂岩中方解石富集及铀矿成因

东胜铀矿区方解石富集特征、无机碳氧同位素以及邻近气藏包裹体捕获压力、有机碳同位素和~3He/~4He的相关研究表明,东胜铀成矿与深层天然气存在密切关系。方解石的δ~(13)C值-19.6‰~-1.11‰,δ~(18)O值-17.13‰~-9.00‰,δ~(13)C值的变化范围较宽,可能是地表水和深层天然气影响程度不同所致。鄂尔多斯盆地北部气藏储层包裹体捕获压力从深部向浅部和从盆地西南向东北方向逐渐降低的变化趋势表明,天然气为铀的转化提供了充足的还原剂,为大型东胜铀矿形成提供了必要条件。天然气中~3He/~4He比值证明东胜直罗组铀矿砂岩中没有有意义的幔源流体贡献。这些证据表明东胜铀矿砂岩中的方解石是地表水和深部天然气共同作用的结果,这暗示了东胜大型铀矿床是由低温混合成矿作用形成的。     

Genesis of the Sanbaqi deposit: a paleokarst-hosted uranium deposit in China

The Sanbaqi uranium deposit in Hunan Province, south China, is the largest of a group of paleokarst-hosted uranium deposits in Lower Carboniferous limestone. Mineralization is localized in cavities and fault-breccias formed by dissolution of carbonates. Four episodes of karst formation are recognized: late Triassic-early Jurassic, late Jurassic-early Cretaceous, Cretaceous-Tertiary and Recent. Field relations indicate that the main uranium mineralization is related to the second karst episode. This is supported by isotopic ages of two pitchblende samples at 129 Ma and 134 Ma, as indicated by their nearly concordant data points on concordia plot. These ages are in the time range of the early Yanshanian tectonic movements that affected southern China, and the faulting related to the movements likely triggered the mineralization process at the Sanbaqi deposit. Associated minerals include pyrite, millerite, ullmannite, niccolite, molybdenite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, calcite and dolomite. Fluid inclusion studies on calcite reveal that temperature of ore deposition was from 181° to 150 °C. The δ¹⁸O and δD values of the ore fluids range from 1.5 to 7.9 per mil and from −30.4 and −54.8 per mil, respectively. The mineralogical, fluid inclusion and isotopic data indicate that the minerlization took place in episodic pulses of hydrothermal fluids that were introduced along a set of ring faults. Mobilization and redeposition of earlier formed ore minerals in an open system added to the complexity of the paragenetic sequence. Younger episodes of mineralization occurred during the later karst events as suggested by the geological and additional pitchblende U-Pb isotopic data, during the Cretaceous-Tertiary late Yanshanian tectonic movements and recently. Finally, a comparison of the Sanbaqi uranium deposit with the uranium deposits hosted by solution collapse breccia pipes of the Colorado Plateau, USA, shows that they have many similarities. Received: 9 July 1996 / Accepted: 17 January 1997     

桂北沙子江铀矿床沥青铀矿原位微区年代学和元素分析:对铀成矿作用的启示

微区原位分析是地球科学研究的重要手段,但这些分析技术在华南热液铀矿床中的应用相对较少,限制了对铀矿床成矿机理的深入认识。沙子江铀矿床是华南著名的花岗岩型热液铀矿床。本文利用电子探针(EMPA)、激光电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICPMS)以及二次离子探针(SIMS)等微区原位分析技术,对沙子江铀矿床中的沥青铀矿开展了U-Pb同位素年代学及元素组成研究,确定了沥青铀矿的形成时代及成分特征,并探讨了蚀变作用对沥青铀矿成分及其表面年龄或化学年龄的影响。电子探针分析结果显示,该沥青铀矿以富铀和钙、极低含量的ThO_2和稀土元素为特征,揭示其为低温热液成因,成矿热液富含Ca。LA-ICP-MS分析结果显示,沥青铀矿的稀土元素总量较低,其配分模式呈轻稀土富集型,具有明显的负Eu异常,与赋矿围岩豆乍山花岗岩的稀土元素组成相似,暗示其铀源可能与豆乍山岩体有密切的关系。蚀变和未蚀变沥青铀矿成分的对比研究显示,蚀变作用会导致硅元素大量进入沥青铀矿晶格,造成铀和铅的丢失,从而影响沥青铀矿的表观年龄或化学年龄,但沥青铀矿的稀土元素配分模式不会受到蚀变的影响。未蚀变沥青铀矿的SIMS微区原位分析获得的U-Pb年龄为101. 3±4. 5Ma,表明沙子江铀矿床存在100Ma左右的铀成矿事件。受岩石圈伸展控制形成的富CO流体与富铀花岗岩相互作用浸取出花岗岩中的铀,并在合适的构造部位沉淀形成了沙子江铀矿床。     

某铀钨矿床中钨矿化特征及其成因研究

铀钨矿床是一种新矿床类型。其主要矿物是白钨矿和沥青铀矿，它们既有共生，也有伴生。钨以白钨矿细脉、分散状微粒白钨矿和吸附状等形式产出。钨与铀的成矿过程可划分为六个阶段。矿岩时差较大。钨来源于已固结的花岗石，它是由地下热水或热卤水从已固结的花岗岩中浸取出来的。钨（铀）矿化是在低温条件下，在有利的构造岩性中沉淀富集而成的，不是岩浆热液矿床     

湖南黄沙坪钨钼多金属矿床矽卡岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

湖南黄沙坪钨钼多金属矿床位于中国南岭成矿带中段,是一个以矽卡岩型为主的多金属矿床。对矿床内矽卡岩、围岩(灰岩、大理岩)和与矽卡岩形成相关的花岗斑岩岩体进行地球化学分析表明:在主量元素方面,Fe、Al、Mg、Si等元素在花岗斑岩与矽卡岩中发生了迁入迁出,矽卡岩SiO2含量与MgO、MnO、CaO、Fe2O3+FeO含量呈线性递减的关系;在稀土元素方面,矽卡岩具有明显的LREE富集,HREE亏损,发育有明显的Eu负异常。花岗斑岩具有与矽卡岩相同的REE配分模式,其成岩年龄也与矽卡岩型辉钼矿的Re-Os同位素年龄(158.4±1.3 Ma)相一致,说明两者在成因上具有一定联系。同时根据矿床内矽卡岩几乎不发育Ce异常,说明形成矽卡岩的流体中没有海水的混合。结合矿床内不同岩石的地球化学特征,强烈的轻、重稀土分异,明显的Eu负异常,推测黄沙坪地区矽卡岩是由岩浆热液流体的接触交代作用形成的。     

Genesis and formation conditions of deposits in the unique Strel’tsovka Molybdenum-Uranium ore field: New mineralogical,geochemical, and physicochemical evidence

The ambiguity of genetic interpretations of uranium ore formation at Mo-U deposits of the Strel’tsovka ore field led us to perform additional geochemical, mineralogical, and thermobarogeochemical studies. As a result, it has been established that closely related U and F were progressively gained in the Late Mesozoic volcanic rocks from the older basic volcanics (170 Ma) to the younger silicic igneous rocks (140 Ma). The Early Cretaceous postmagmatic hydrothermal epoch (140–125 Ma) is subdivided into preore, uranium ore, and first and second postore stages. The primary brannerite-pitchblende ore was formed in association with fluorite. At the first postore stage, this assemblage was replaced by a U-Si metagel, which was previously identified as coffinite. The metagel shows a wide compositional variation; its fine structure has been studied. The preore metasomatic alteration and related veined mineralization were formed under the effect of sodium (bicarbonate)-chloride solution at a temperature of 250–200°C. The uranium ore formation began with albitization and hematitization of rocks affected by supercritical fluid at 530–500°C; brannerite and pitchblende precipitated at 350–300°C. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of pitchblende hosted in trachybasalt, trachydacite, and granite demonstrate a pronounced Sm-Nd discontinuity and a statistically significant tetrad effect of W type. These attributes were not established in REE patterns of rhyolites derived from the upper crustal magma chamber. This circumstance and a chronological gap of 5 Ma between silicic volcanism and ore formation do not allow us to suggest that uranium was derived from this magma chamber. According to the proposed model, the evolved silicic Li-F magma was a source of uranium. U⁴⁺, together with REE, was fractionated into the fluid phase as complex fluoride compounds. The uranium mineralization was deposited at a temperature barrier. It is suggested that hydromica alteration and the formation of molybdenum mineralization were genetically unrelated to the uranium ore formation.     

桂北沙子江铀矿床成矿年代学研究：沥青铀矿U-Pb同位素年龄及其地质意义

苗儿山矿田为中南地区五大铀矿田之一,其内分布有我国最大规模碳硅泥岩型的铲子坪铀矿床及诸多花岗岩型铀矿床,沙子江矿床为矿田内重要的花岗岩型铀矿床之一。沥青铀矿是理想的铀矿床直接定年样品,同时,也是U-Pb同位素研究的理想矿物。本次研究以沥青铀矿为对象进行U-Pb同位素分析,获得了沙子江矿床早、晚两期铀成矿作用的年代分别为104.4Ma和53.0±6.4Ma,结合铲子坪矿床主成矿期年代74.1±9.9Ma,它们可能分别代表了苗儿山矿田3期主要铀成矿作用的时代。沙子江矿床等时线拟合所得高的初始Pb值反映了该期成矿作用之前存在铀的预富集作用。3期成矿作用与华南地区基性脉岩年代数据统计反映的岩石圈伸展期次相对应,暗示了铀成矿受控于华南岩石圈伸展这一大的动力学环境。     

应用氢氧同位素研究矿床成因的一些问题探讨

成矿热液的氢、氧同位素组成与其水的类型、水/岩交换的岩石成分和同位素组成、水/岩交换时的温度及水/岩交换程度(W/R比值大小)等诸多因素有关,微生物和有机质也对其有一定的影响。因此,仅通过简单投影的方法将成矿热液的氢、氧同位素值与一些所谓的标准值进行类比,由此就推断出热液中水的来源,这种方法是不可取的;尤其当成矿热液的氢、氧同位素值介于大气降水和岩浆水的值之间时,切忌滥用两种水混合成矿模式,因为实际情况往往并不是这样。本文以胶东乳山金矿床为例,展开了这方面的讨论。     

New Evidence for Genesis of the Zoige Carbonate-Siliceous-Pelitic Rock Type Uranium Deposit in Southern Qinling: Discovery and Significance of the 64 Ma Intrusions

The carbonaceous-siliceous-argillitic rock type uranium deposit in the Zoige area is located in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, and has gained much attention of many geologists and ore deposit experts due to its scale, high grade and abundant associated ores. Because of the insufficient reliable dating of intrusive rocks, the relationship between mineralization and the magmatic activities is still unknown. In order to study this key scientific issue and the ore-forming processes of the Zoige uranium ore field, the LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of magmatic rocks was obtained:64.08±0.59 Ma for the granite-prophyry and ~200 Ma for the dolerite. U-Pb dating results of uraninite from the Zoige uranium ore field are mainly concentrated on ~90 Ma and ~60 Ma. According to LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating, the ages for the dolerite, porphyry granite and granodiorite are 200 Ma, 64.08 Ma approximately and 226.5-200.88 Ma, respectively. This indicates that the mineralization has close relationship with activities of the intermediate-acidic magma. The ages of the granite porphyry are consistent with those uraninite U-Pb dating results achieved by previous studies, which reflects the magmatic and ore-forming event during the later Yanshanian. Based on the data from previous researches, the ore bodies in the Zoige uranium ore field can be divided into two categories:the single uranium type and the uranium with polymetal mineralization type. The former formed at late Cretaceous(about 90 Ma), while the latter, closely related to the granite porphyry, formed at early Paleogene(about 60 Ma). And apart from ore forming elemental uranium, the latter is often associated with polymetallic elements, such as molybdenum, nickel, zinc, etc.     

粤北下庄335矿床成矿时代的厘定——来自LA-ICP-MS沥青铀矿U-Pb年龄的制约

文章采用LA-ICP-MS测试技术对下庄矿田335矿床的沥青铀矿开展了U-Pb微区定年工作.335矿床沥青铀矿的成分特征及微观形貌特征显示,本区沥青铀矿在初始形成之后受到过后期的一些地质事件的影响.本次获得沥青铀矿的最大年龄为(93.5±1.2) Ma.结合华南岩石圈伸展发生的时间、辉绿岩脉对铀矿的控制作用及矿区内辉绿...