北方某大跨钢管混凝土拱桥动力特性分析

针对北方某钢管混凝土拱桥东拱肋拱顶合拢高度比设计标高(35.017m)低0.30m,西拱肋拱顶合拢高度比设计标高低0.44m的问题,采用ANSYS软件对其建立空间有限元计算分析模型,并用子空间迭代法对结构进行了模态分析,得到了结构的自振频率和振型.由计算结果可知:该拱桥横向刚度小于纵向刚度,结构横向可能成为薄弱环节;结构的振型多次出现局部振动的特征,表明拱肋和桥面连接较弱.计算结果对该拱桥的检测、维修、改造具有重要价值.     

论可能存在的地幔柱地震导波

假想的地幔热地幔柱预期地震波速低,因而可支持类似于断层带地震导波、光纤波和海洋声音固定和测距通道声波的弹性导波传播。地幔柱导波在波导中对几何复杂性并不敏感,其频散会使其在地震记录中与众不同并提供可以补充地震层析成像波导结构的有关信息。检测这类波将成为地幔柱存在新一类强有力的证据。嵌于无限介质中的圆柱形通道支持两类轴对称弹性波振型,即扭转振型和纵向—径向振型。扭转振型有与柱体表面横切的直线质点运动。纵向—径向振型在含有圆柱体轴的平面上有椭圆形质点运动,在轴附近有反向运动。椭圆形质点运动的方向随距离与轴反向:基本振型为一倍,第一谐波为两倍,依此类推。每种振型只有在超过其截止频率时才存在,相速度和群速度在无限介质中等于剪切波速。在高频率时两种速度在通道中接近剪切波速。所有振型在它们的群速度中均有最小值,在地震记录上产生艾里相位。对于剪切波速有百分之几的反差尽管对于地球的热地幔柱而言是现实的,但最大的信号是反向频散的,并有约0.1～1Hz和15～30s持续时间的优势频率。可观测到的地幔柱波至少有两个可能的来源:(1)深地幔中地幔柱与高振幅核震相焦散线的相交;(2)向下传播的导波在核幔边界ScS状的反射。最近广泛部署的宽带地震仪使搜索这些波成为可能。     

扭转不规则结构水平侧向力分布模式与pushover分析

水平侧向力分布模式的施加问题是合理进行pushover分析的关键环节。对于可以简化为平面模型的结构,传统的水平侧向力分布模式表现出较好的适用性,但对于因扭转不规则而导致必须采用空间模型的结构则并不适用。为此,针对扭转不规则结构的水平侧向力分布模式问题,并基于该类结构的地震响应特征,通过引入水平侧向力调整系数和水平侧向力分配系数,提出了扭转不规则结构改进的水平侧向力分布模式。对一具有典型扭转不规则特性的空间钢框架结构分别进行改进分布模式下的pushover分析和IV类场地典型地震动作用下的弹塑性时程分析,计算结果显示:改进分布模式下的pushover分析体现出扭转效应对结构反应的影响,并在一定程度上反映出更多的结构抗震信息,验证了所提出模式的可行性,说明pushover分析法也同样适用于扭转不规则结构。     

基于谱元-简正振型耦合方法的核幔边界D″区地震波波形模拟方法研究

本文拓展了一种模拟地震波在地球核幔边界D″区各向异性介质中传播的数值方法:谱元-简正振型耦合方法(CSEM).该方法通过在球对称各向同性介质空间采用简正振型方法,在各向异性的D″区采用谱元方法,并在两种介质的边界采用"DtN"算子耦合的策略计算一维模型PREM(见文献[1])或修改后的D″区横向各向同性VTI-PREM模型的理论地震图.模拟所得数值解结果与采用简正振型方法得到的解析解结果进行对比以验证方法的精度.在中国科学院地球深部结构重点实验室高性能计算机上使用128个CPU计算得到的结果显示,在10^-5～0.125 Hz的频率范围内谱元简正振型法得到的波形与简正振型方法能很好拟合.此外,对于VTI介质结构模型,谱元简正振型法能够准确模拟S波分裂现象,从而验证了谱元简正振型耦合方法对各向异性介质中地震波传播数值模拟是一种有效的方法.     

关于结构振型参与系数和振型贡献的分析

采用振型分解反应谱法求解多自由度弹性体系的地震反应时,为了在满足所需计算精度的前提下减少工作量,需要对振型数量进行合理的选择,而振型数的确定主要取决于结构各阶振型对总体反应的贡献。通过数学推导,对振型贡献及振型数量的选择问题进行了研究。首先,讨论了振型参与系数的性质,在此基础上给出了能够反映结构振型贡献参数的数学表达式,对这些参数的力学含义进行了解释,并给出了相关证明;其次,对有效质量法、振型位移控制法等基于不同振型贡献标准的确定振型数的方法进行了分析比较,指出了其合理性和不足。本文研究对进一步理解结构振型贡献和振型数的选择问题具有一定的理论意义。     

L形高层隔震结构扭转影响参数分析

通过分析不规则L形高层结构在不同输入方向地震波下的振动特性,对不隔震设计以及不断优化隔震层偏心率的隔震设计下研究了楼层最不利位移比变化规律。建立高层隔震结构运动方程,并推导了偏心率的求解过程,基于结构偏心率与位移比的上述理论计算,用ETABS软件对5个算例进行了分析。结果表明:偏心率的变化对于不规则L形高层结构的扭转影响同一般规则结构相似,具有相同的规律。隔震设计能够有效改善不规则L形结构的严重扭转问题,同时随着隔震层刚心与上部结构质心的相对距离越来越小,即随着偏心率的减小,隔震设计下的结构楼层位移比也随之变小。因此,在不规则结构的隔震设计中,在满足隔震层设计要求下,应尽量减小偏心率,以保证减振效果和结构安全。     

某隔震结构动力特性的理论分析与脉动测试

本文针对国内最大单体隔震建筑建立了SAP2000三维分析模型,并进行了动力特性的理论分析;现场对实际建筑进行了平移振动、扭转振动、垂直振动和平面内弯曲4个方面的脉动测试。利用工程振动反演理论分析了该结构的固有频率、振型、阻尼等动力特性,将实测结构动力特性与理论分析结果进行比较,详细分析实测结果与理论结果差别的原因,并据此对理论模型进行修正,为今后类似结构的设计积累了资料。     

平面不规则基础隔震结构抗扭设计研究

针对平面不规则结构在水平地震作用下的振动特性,通过调整隔震层隔震支座的布置,得到3种不同工况的隔震层刚心与上部结构质心、刚心相对位置关系,分别以楼层位移和层间位移为指标的扭转位移比,作为平面不规则基础隔震结构扭转响应指标,利用弹塑性时程分析方法,通过对3种不同工况的扭转指标对比分析研究,提出适用于平面不规则基础隔震结构的抗扭设计方法。结果表明：对于平面不规则结构,应在保证隔震层扭转位移比小于1.2的基础上,使隔震层的刚心和上部结构的刚心分别位于上部结构质心的两侧,可有效控制上部结构的扭转。     

某核电站常规岛抗震分析

核电常规岛主厂房与一般火力发电主厂房结构特点不同,其结构布置很不规则,质量分布也不均匀。本文使用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立力学模型,对常规岛结构进行了抗震分析,主要运用了振型分解反应谱法对结构进行了内力计算,为结构设计奠定了基础。     

某核电站常规岛抗震分析

核电常规岛主厂房与一般火力发电主厂房结构特点不同,其结构布置很不规则,质量分布也不均匀.本文使用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立力学模型,对常规岛结构进行了抗震分析,主要运用了振型分解反应谱法对结构进行了内力计算,为结构设计奠定了基础.     

模态静力非线性分析中模态选择的研究

本文应用模态静力非线性分析方法,对多个算例进行了静力非线性分析。比较分析了不同振型组合对计算精度的影响,对模态选择的参数进行了研究,提出采用模态质量参与系数进行模态选择的控制,为模态静力非线性分析方法的推广使用提供参考。另外,分析了结构基本周期对该方法计算精度的影响。     

Seismic response of structures with coupled vertical stiffness–strength irregularities

Several seismic design codes around the world restrict the use of theit Equivalent Lateral Force analysis method to structures satisfying structural regularity limits. These regularity limits are based on engineering judgement and lack quantitative justification. One common irregularity is that of a change in vertical stiffness over the building height. This stiffness irregularity is almost always associated with a change in vertical strength over the building height. For this reason, the effect of various realistic combinations of stiffness–strength irregularity in shear‐type buildings is evaluated to quantify regularity limits. Structures analysed had 3, 5, 9 and 15 storeys, and the floor mass at all the levels were kept the same. Both regular and irregular structures were designed in accordance with the Equivalent Lateral Force procedure to produce the same engineering demand parameter. Structural ductility factors of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6, and target (design) interstorey drift ratios ranging between 0.5 and 3%, were used in this study. The irregular structures were created by modifying specific storey lateral stiffnesses from that of the regular structure. Strengths at these storeys were also modified to ensure realistic relationships between stiffness and strength. The modified structures were then redesigned until the target interstorey drift ratio was achieved at the critical storey. Inelastic dynamic time‐history analysis was conducted to compare the maximum interstorey drift ratio demands of the regular and irregular structures. Simple equations were developed to estimate possible variations in demand due to vertical stiffness–strength irregularity applied at critical locations in structures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

两种识别结构模态参数时域法的对比研究

模态参数是有效评估结构安全状况的关键参数,在结构抗震加固和健康诊断领域得到广泛应用。与频域法相比较,时域法直接利用实测的振动信号识别模态参数,不需要进行频域变换,减少数据处理带来的误差,并且可以实现大型结构的在线识别,真实地反应结构的现状。以同济大学12层钢筋混凝土标准框架振动台模型试验完整数据为对象,在详细介绍ITD法和复指数法2种时域法理论的基础上,通过编程选取结构不同测点的振动加速度时程数据,识别了小震和强震工况下12层钢筋混凝土框架模型振动台试验模型的模态频率和阻尼比,并结合移动谱识别结构模态参数的时变特性。结果表明:ITD法和复指数法可有效地识别结构的模态参数,自振频率的识别精度较高,而阻尼比的离散度较大;小震工况频率变化值不大,而强震工况频率值较初始时刻有明显的下降,这与试验现象是吻合的,进一步说明移动谱与这2种时域法相结合可以反应结构在塑性阶段的参数时变特性。     

速度锁定型自复位防屈曲支撑对桥梁的影响规律研究

依托某连续梁桥,建立3种不同纵向支撑形式的有限元模型,通过模态分析和动力时程分析,研究不同支撑形式对结构动力性能和抗震性能的影响规律。结果表明:在动力性能方面,与不设置纵向支撑系统相比,设置LU-SC-BRB的桥梁结构各阶振动频率不变,而设置SC-BRB桥梁模型的纵向刚度以及自振频率均有提高。在抗震性能方面:设置LU-SC-BRB的桥梁结构能够对墩底剪力、弯矩峰值以及墩顶纵向位移峰值有较为明显的控制作用;同时,设置LU-SC-BRB支撑与设置SC-BRB支撑的桥梁结构相比抗震性能好,并能避免温差等导致次内力及附加约束。     

Hilbert-Huang变换在密频结构阻尼识别中的应用

Hilbert—Huang变换是一种新的数据处理方法，由经验模分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition)技术及Hilbert变换两部分组成。本文研究此方法对于密频结构阻尼识别的应用。首先对于两自由度系统模型，说明该方法用于阻尼识别的步骤。进而研究存在频率密集现象的高层建筑的阻尼识别问题。上述结果与理论值及由半功率带宽法的识别值进行了比较，对比显示Hilbert．Huang方法较传统方法具有良好的识别密频结构阻尼的性能，适用于大型结构的系统识别。     

Research on mode localization of reticulated shell structures

Reticulated shell structures (RSSs) are characterized as cyclically periodic structures. Mistuning of RSSs will induce structural mode localization. Mode localization has the following two features: some modal vectors of the structure change remarkably when the values of its physical parameters (mass or stiffness) have a slight change; and the vibration of some modes is mainly restricted in some local areas of the structure. In this paper, two quantitative assessment indexes are introduced that correspond to these two features. The first feature is studied through a numerical example of a RSS, and its induced causes are analyzed by using the perturbation theory. The analysis showed that internally, mode localization is closely related to structural frequencies and externally, slight changes of the physical parameters of the structure cause instability to the RSS. A scaled model experiment to examine mode localization was carried out on a Kiewit single-layer spherical RSS, and both features of mode localization are studied. Eight tests that measured the changes of the physical parameters were carried out in the experiment. Since many modes make their contribution in structural dynamic response, six strong vibration modes were tested at random in the experimental analysis. The change and localization of the six modes are analyzed for each test. The results show that slight changes to the physical parameters are likely to induce remarkable changes and localization of some modal vectors in the RSSs.     

Multiobjective optimal FLC driven hybrid mass damper system for torsionally coupled,seismically excited structures

In most of the research work on structural vibration control only two‐dimensional plane structural modelling has been considered, although only a few practical building structures can be modelled as planar structures. Therefore, these methods are not directly applicable to the majority of the practical building structures. This paper discusses the design of a multiobjective optimal fuzzy logic controller (FLC) driven hybrid mass damper (HMD) system for seismically excited torsionally coupled building structures. Floor acceleration and velocity information have been used as feedback to the fuzzy logic controller. A three branch tournament Genetic Algorithm has been used for the multiobjective optimal design of the FLC driven HMD system, where the minimization of the non‐dimensionalized peak displacement, acceleration and rotation of the structure about its vertical axis, have been as the three objective functions. The proposed multiobjective optimal fuzzy logic controller has been verified for an example problem reported in the literature. This HMD system consists of four HMDs arranged in such a way that the system can control the torsional mode of vibration effectively in addition to the flexure modes of vibration. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental investigation of conditions of lateral shear reinforcements in RC columns accompanied by buckling of longitudinal bars

This study presents a cyclic load test of four RC columns to obtain data on stresses and strains on lateral shear‐reinforcing bars that contact buckled longitudinal reinforcing bars. The specimens include columns laterally jacketed with all‐elastic fibre‐reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets. The buckling lengths and modes in the longitudinal bars of the four column specimens stabilized at a buckling deflection (= lateral deformation of buckled longitudinal bar) from 0.3 to 0.6 mm. The yield portion ratio r_by of shear reinforcement around the buckled longitudinal bars was introduced as an index of the development of buckling conditions. Here, the yield portion ratio r_by was defined as the ratio of the length of the region where the shear reinforcements yield l_by, to the buckling length l_b. The r_by values of the tested columns ranged from 0.45 to 0.76. The test results show that the buckling stress and the specific compressive stress of the longitudinal bars in the columns were smaller than those of the bare bars. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.